Elucidation of Visual Motor Imagery EEG Data Using Feature Streamlining with Machine Learning | Chapter 8 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

Visual motor imagery (VMI) is a cognitive process where individuals visualize performing a motor task without actual movement. Electroencephalography (EEG) data is often used to analyze brain activity associated with VMI. However, the high dimensionality and complexity of EEG data pose challenges for effective analysis. This study focuses on streamlining EEG features using advanced machine-learning techniques to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of VMI classification. We applied feature selection and extraction methods to identify the most relevant features from EEG signals, followed by the implementation of various machine learning algorithms to classify VMI tasks. Our results demonstrate that feature streamlining significantly reduces computational load while maintaining high classification accuracy. The streamlined features, combined with optimized machine learning models, provide a robust framework for interpreting VMI-related EEG data, paving the way for improved brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. This approach has potential applications in neurorehabilitation, cognitive training, and enhancing user interaction in BCI technologies. Classifying motor imagery in the EEG is crucial for identifying serious illnesses. The diversity of the motor imagery EEG data hampered the rate of categorization. The motor imagery EEG classification rate is increased using the feature optimization procedure. A deep neural network-based classifier for motor imagery EEG categorization was suggested in this article. The design deep neural network is a three-layer neural network model that incorporates the teacher learning-based optimization and feature optimization technique. The EEG data's noise and artefacts are reduced using a teacher learning-based optimization technique, which also enhances the input vectors for DNN. The suggested approach has been tested on datasets from the third and fourth BCI competitions and has been simulated in MATLAB settings. The evaluation's findings indicate that the suggested technique is quite effective at compressing the current motor.

 

Author (s) Details

Virendra Kumar Tiwari
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (MCA), Bhopal, India.

 

Priyanka Singh
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Vinita Keer
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Gaurav Kishor Saxena
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (MCA), Bhopal, India.

 

Sandeep Dubey
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v9/3416

A Brief Overview on Dynamic Model of Grid-connected PV System | Chapter 9 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 This study establishes a Dynamic model of grid-connected PV system by MATLAB/Simulink with d-and q-axis as coordinates which is synchronously rotating with the grid voltage to reflect the characteristics of the system accurately. Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising new energy sources; it doesn't require large, lossy batteries when used in conjunction with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Reduced transmission and distribution losses and less environmental contamination are achieved by distributed generation and on-site PV system supply.  Based on the accurate modelling system, optimum control and fault analysis are studied. The simulation and analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and demonstrate that the proposed control system has good static performance. Simulation and analysis results show that the model can correctly reflect the system characteristics and the methods can meet the actual needs.

Author(s) Details:

T. Narasimha Prasad,
Department of EEE, St. Ann's College of Engineering and Technology, Chirala, India.

G. Kaladhar,
Department of EEE, St. Ann's College of Engineering and Technology, Chirala, India.

A. Lakshmi Devi,
Department of EEE, SV University College of Engineering, SV University, Tirupati, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V9/article/view/13961

Enhancing Data Compression Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Study and Modification of Rice Golomb Coding Algorithm | Chapter 5 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 The chapter suggests improvements to the Rice Golomb Coding (RGC) compression for wireless sensor networks (WSN), focusing on nodes with limited resources. To extend the network's life, effective data compression is crucial, especially for nodes periodically sending data to the sink. Five techniques adapting RGC based on adjustable parameters from preprocessed input data is presented in this chapter. The goal is to reduce energy use during communication in WSN nodes. Using various MATLAB datasets, we compare outcomes, where the EMARGC_D method, with auto-differencing, shows better results. Real-time tests with NI WSN nodes in LabVIEW support the practicality of our approach. This aims to deepen understanding of our findings, particularly in aiding resource-constrained nodes sending data regularly to the sink node.

Author(s) Details:

S. Kalaivani,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B.S.A Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

C. Tharini,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B.S.A Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V9/article/view/13828

Optimization of Modular Refinery Operations in Nigeria's Striping Section: An Update | Chapter 3 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 This branch focused on optimization of oil refined crop from conventional modular purifier operations in Nigeria through the processing of allure residue to more valuable production such as liquefied oil gas, naphtha and engine via a hydrocracker reactor. Petroleum cleansing includes processing of vulgar raw material indifferent physical and chemical processes, through yielding several device cuts. Thus, the processes of refining crude oil are synthetic engineering located in addition to other acceptable facilities present in crude oil refineries (lubricate refineries) to process petroleum into valuable products, that include liquefied oil gas, gasoline, oil, jet fuel, diesel lubricate and fuel oils. As a result, modified modular refineries caused more valuable produce including liquefied petroleum vapor, naphtha, and diesel, that resolved the residue or bottom device issue related to the movement of conventional modular refineries in Nigeria.  Models were grown from the first principle through the application of the standard of conservation of mass to conclude the performance of the hydrocracker activator and the developed mod- els were sets of common differential equations, that were solved using Mat- Lab ODE45 solver and legitimized using imitation data of Aspen Hysys soft- good for the hydrocracker reactor. The results gave a minimum portion absolute error (departure) between model forecasts and Aspen Hysys re- sults of 4.45%, 5.0% and 2.02% for liquefied petroleum gas, oil and di- esel products respectively. Based on the confirmation of the developed models, models simulation was per- made to study the effects of impetus effectiveness factors on feedstock conver- sion and amount yield of the hydrocracker reactor. The proposed model was used to analyze or simulate the impacts of the catalyst influence factor on the overall accomplishment of the hydrocracker reactor. It accurately foresaw the output performance of the hydrocracker activator.

Author(s) Details:

Adeloye Olalekan Michael,

Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria.

Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi,

Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria.

Cyrus Aseibichin,

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEIMS-V2/article/view/11297

Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations with State-dependent Delays | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This branch is devoted to stability case of systems accompanying state-dependent delays under stochastic perturbations. Sufficient environments of asymptotic mean square stability for the nothing solution of a linear theory of probability differential equation accompanying distributed delays are acquired via the general form of Lyapunov functionals construction and the plan of linear matrix prejudices (LMIs). Besides delay-independent and delay-dependent environments of stability in odds are obtained for two equilibria of a nonlinear stochastic characteristic equation unhurriedly and exponential nonlinearity. The negative definiteness of casts in the obtained LMIs is checked utilizing the special MATLAB program. It is eminent that the proposed research method maybe used for the study of additional types of linear and nonlinear systems accompanying state-dependent delays. Numerical simulation of resolutions of the considered theory of probability differential equations accompanying state-dependent delays represent the presented here hypothetical results and open to readers consideration a new unsolved question of the obtained stability environments improving.

Author(s) Details:

Leonid Shaikhet,
Department of Mathematics, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V7/article/view/9998

Leakage Current Analysis in Mosfets Using Matlab GUI| Chapter 3 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 2

 In MOSFETs, leakage current has a mathematical expression. The mathematical expression is inherently complicated. Leakage current is influenced by a variety of factors. This chapter's goal is to examine how various parameters may affect the leakage current. When the input voltage is lower than the threshold voltage, the leakage current occurs. The minimum gate to source voltage necessary to switch on a MOSFET device is known as the threshold voltage. Subthreshold voltage is another name for the leakage current that occurs below the threshold voltage. The gate to source voltage, threshold voltage, drain to source voltage, oxide thickness, channel width, permittivity of the material, temperature, mobility of charge carriers, and subthreshold leakage current all affect it. These parameters are manipulated to see the impact of these parameters is presented through the graph in MATLAB GUI.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Masood Ahmad,
GITAM University, India.

D. Anitha,
GITAM University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V2/article/view/8271

Development of a Computer Code to Assess the Impact of Harmonics in Electrical Networks| Chapter 7 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 8

 This work means to exhibit the improvement of a PC code (HPFCODE) that utilizes the MATLAB GUI to compute power stream and misfortunes in influence frameworks under the impact of music. In the wake of being made sense of, the program was tried on two organizations, IEEE 6 and IEEE 14. Static Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR), and Brought together Power Stream Regulator ((UPFC)) were utilized to ascertain the power stream utilizing the Newton-Raphson approach, where the heaps are straight and nonlinear, individually. The discoveries were genuinely predictable and exhibit what higher sounds mean for power misfortunes in electrical organizations. We have affirmed the likelihood to examine other nonlinear burdens with this PC code HPFCODE creating sounds in power frameworks.

Author(s) Details:

Aissa Souli,
Nuclear Research Center of Birine Ain Oussera, Algeria.

Abdelhafid Hellal,
Polytechnic National School of El Harrach Algiers, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V8/article/view/8254

Influence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System on Transient Stability of Power Systems Using MATLAB CODE and Power World Simulator| Chapter 2 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 6

 

 Using the Power World Simulator programme and the MATLAB-created transient stability code, or "TRANS STAB CODE," this work aims to explore how FACTS influences the transient stability of power systems. In the work's introduction, we tried to explain transient stability, including its definition, requirements, and equations. Next, we gave a comprehensive overview of FACTS modelling in power systems, including its definition as well as its many forms, schemes, and equations. Then, using the UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) concept, we gave an illustration. Second, we examined the "TRANS STAB CODE" MATLAB code by outlining its organisation using graphical windows. After then, I went into private detail about the simulation programme Power World Simulator. The test electrical network was then displayed, along with the Power World Simulator's findings on this network's transient stability and the code "TRANS STAB CODE" for both the presence and absence of flexible alternating current transmission networks. We evaluated the results of both programmes in both scenarios—with and without a flexible AC transmission system—as our final step in the research process.

Author(s) Details:

Aissa Souli,
Nuclear Research center of Birine Ain Oussera, Algeria.

Madani Makhlouf,
Nuclear Research center of Birine Ain Oussera, Algeria.

Abdelhafid Hellal,
Polytechnic National School of El Harrach Algiers, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V6/article/view/7761

Study of FPGA Based Vector Control of Induction Motor | Chapter 7 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 16

 To get the desired response of the sensorless Vector controlled Induction Motor (SVC-IM) by the experimental setup, the controller implementation for the creation of PWM signals is crucial. It is now conceivable, thanks to the tremendous growth of the electronic sector, which includes high-speed digital signal processors (DSPs) and microcontrollers. The various SVC-IM algorithms, notably KF, PI, GA, and PSO, were previously implemented using DSP technologies. As a result, it generates issues with time delay and PWM signal execution, among other things, as the system becomes more sophisticated. As a result, a new technique to addressing the issue of execution time is introduced, namely Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) processors, which are currently on the market. In addition, the programming is done in VHDL, a high-speed hardware description language.

Author(S) Details

G. Srinivas
GITAM (Deemed to be University Hyderabad), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V16/article/view/4060

Vibrational and Finite Element Analyses of T-Section Cantilever Beam Using ANSYS and MATLAB: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 10

 A beam is a structural component that is acted upon by a system of perpendicular external forces. When vertical loads are applied to a horizontal beam, it bends. The amount and kind of weight carried by a beam, as well as the length and type of beam, define the amount of load carried. T, HSS, and L shaped beams are just a few of the many options for industrial and residential use. The most prevalent challenges and failures with beams include fatigue failures, vibrations, and inaccurate evaluations of various qualities. This paper discusses the impact of vibrations on T-Section Cantilever beams and frequency modes. As a consequence, the mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained through vibrational analysis in ANSYS are compared to the results obtained through finite element analysis in MATLAB in order to achieve a thorough understanding of T-Section Cantilever beams. The accuracy of the MATLAB results has been validated.

Author (S) Details

G. Sree Bhavani Charan
Cyient Ltd, India.

G. Naga Malleswara Rao
Eswar College Of Engineering, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V10/article/view/2977

Study on Theoretical Design Te-Polarization OneDimensional Photonic Crystal | Chapter 10 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 10

 Due to the energy equivalence principle, we show that mass is connected with spacetime curvature, which leads to the development of volume and mass shells in every case. The relationships between a point surface tension and a spacetime curvature are presented. The conclusion is that spacetime is inherently fluid. Finally, we come across the chi psi omega law and the action, both of which are crucial in quantum mechanics. From there, we may calculate the particle's true acceleration.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Elham Jasim Mohammad
Department of Physics, Collage of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V10/article/view/2383

Determination of Acousto-Optic Spatial Filters Diffracted Light at Zeroth-Order Using MATLAB Analysis | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 This paper uses MATLAB to present the fundamentals of acousto-optics, including theory and applications. The implementation details of any acousto-optics algorithm are inaccessible, and some software is employed to process acousto-optics filters. Our research focuses on developing software to solve the coupled equations in Bragg diffraction by developing a MATLAB function for use in the Bragg regime and acoustic-optic spatial filtering, and primarily using the MATLAB programme to solve the problem. For high-pass spatial filtering, we look at the role of acousto-optic and spatial filtering. Acoustic-optic interactions are defined as the scattering of photons into higher and lower orders by energetic phonons. Diffraction in the Bragg regime is described by standard weak interaction theory as the propagation of a uniform plane wave of light through a uniform plane wave of sound, yielding the well-known first- and zeroth-order diffraction. We look into Raman-Nath diffraction, which is related to near-Bragg diffraction. The Bessel function dependence is illustrated by a result that illustrates the dependence of various scattered orders on the incidence angle/Bragg angle.

Author (s) Details

Elham Jasim Mohammad
Mustansiriyah University, Collage of Science, Physics Department, Baghdad, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V9/article/view/1935

Modelling and Comparative Analysis of 5R Manipulator Using Evolutionary Algorithms | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.2

 

In this paper, the analysis and modeling of six joint axes of a robotic arm having three DOF spherical
arm and three DOF spherical wrist have been done to solve the kinematics and inverse kinematics.
Kinematics provides the rational explication of a robotic manipulator. Denavit-Hartenberg criterion has
been employed to solve the kinematics equations. MATLAB, Firefly Algorithm (FA), Artificial bee
colony (ABC) algorithm and Roboanalyzer have been implemented to find the inverse kinematics
solution, distance, absolute error and home position for six-DOF manipulator. Error can be optimized
to the desired level with the firefly algorithm.

Author (s) Details

K. Ashwani
Department of ECE, YCOE, Punjabi University Guru Kashi Campus, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, India.

Banga K. Vijay
Department of ECE, Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, India.

K. Darshan

Depatment of ME, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/236

An Intelligent Way of Modeling and Simulation of WO3 for Supercapacitor | Chapter 11 | Recent Studies in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

 In this investigation we studied the different electro-chromic properties of W03 thin films that relates on artificial

neural network. When electro-chromic energy storage devices stores energy for the changes colour, this is useful
in buildings as well as automobiles. Tungsten oxide is also known as tungsten anhydride (WO3). This material is
a combination of oxygen and tungsten. It is oxidative agent. Tungsten oxide or tungsten trioxide is used for
development of many things which are used in daily life for e.g. energy storage, gas sensors, smart window,
photocatalysis etc. The research investigation studies the WO3 thin film for supercapacitor. The simulation
process carried out in MATLAB here researchers checks the results generated by neural network and then that
results are matches with experimental results. For finding optimized supercapacitor we have calculated the error
which found at different hidden neurons in artificial neural network. In the conclusion of this study confirms
that ANN is appropriate tool for modelling of WO3 thin film for supercapacitor.

Author(s)Details

S. V. Katkar
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

K. G. Kharade
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

S. K. Kharade
Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

R. K. Kamat
Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/233