Microwave Absorption and Shielding Mechanisms in Micro-cellular Foamed Conductive Composites | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 4

Protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) has remained a pervasive challenge for almost two decades. For these reasons, research efforts have focused on the design and fabrication of efficient EMI shielding materials. This chapter investigates the mechanisms of microwave absorption in microcellular foamed conductive composites designed for protection or shielding against electromagnetic interference. A multi-layered electromagnetic one-dimensional (1D) model mimicking the microcellular foam structure is built and validated using previous measurements on various fabricated composite foams. This model helps to perform a parametric analysis of the absorption behaviour in a foamed composite, using the following parameters: the size of the hollow cell, the thickness of the cell’s wall, its conductivity, the overall thickness of the composite, and the frequency. The foamed composite materials that serve as a reference for the validation of the proposed model were fabricated using a supercritical CO2 process. Three different polymer matrices were considered as examples in this work, i.e., polycarbonate (PC), poly-caprolactone (PCL), and polypropylene (PP). These investigations demonstrate that multiple reflections of the microwave signal between the cellular walls are not the main mechanism responsible for absorption. However, they are often reported as a cause of enhanced absorption in the literature. On the contrary, this work demonstrates that the enhancement of the absorption observed in the foamed conductive composite compared to the unfoamed composite is mainly due to the presence of air in the micro-cells of the composite. The associated electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the foams for practical applications is also discussed. As a whole, the chapter provides a comprehensive study of the performance of composite foams that can help to protect modern communications systems, IoT devices, and living systems from spurious electromagnetic radiations that can interfere with.

 

Author(s) Details.

Isabelle Huynen
Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v4/6070

Fundamental Mathematical Methods and Concepts | Chapter 1 | The Paradigm of Complex Probability and Markov Chains, Edition 1

 

In the current manuscript, we will apply to the well-known and established theory of Markov Chains my groundbreaking and novel Complex Probability Paradigm (or CPP) which will lead to a completely and perfectly deterministic expression of these stochastic processes in the universe of probabilities C = R + M. Consequently, it is important before “probing the depths” of Markov Chains, that we define in this chapter some essential mathematical concepts and fundamental tools and theorems that will be extensively used in the whole manuscript algorithms and C++ programs.

 

Author(s) Details

Abdo Abou Jaoudé
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaizé, Lebanon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-18-9/CH1

Fractal Patterns in Polymer Electrolyte Films: Computational Simulation Using Fractal Growth Parameters| Chapter 7 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 12

Polymer electrolyte films exhibit fractal patterns, which have been studied through simulations. This study integrates the Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) model with Brownian motion theory to simulate fractal patterns in these films. The simulations apply fractal growth parameters, demonstrating growth rules and essential model properties. Using the Matlab platform, computer simulations were conducted by adjusting parameters such as sticking coefficients, number of particles, and lattice sites. Modifying these parameters resulted in noticeable variations in the simulation outcomes. Fractal dimensions (D) of the patterns were calculated using the box-counting method, both from experimental observations and simulations. The study also discusses the influence of different growth parameters on these fractal dimensions.

 

Author (s) Details

Shahizat Amir

Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Mariah Binti Sabar
Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Mohd Zahurin Bin Mohamed Kamali
Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Ahmad Zaki Bin Mohamad Amin
Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v12/1890

A Real Anthropomorphic Gripper Controlled by a Motion Leap Device | Chapter 4 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 5

In this paper, the control of an anthropomorphic gripper with five fingers using the Motion Leap sensor is described. First, the Motion Leap device is briefly described, which can capture the movements of the fingers of the human hand and then transmit them in a virtual environment. Then the HandCommander software module and the InterfaceController application are described. The HandCommander module is created to make the connection between the human hand and the GraspIT virtual environment, and the InterfaceController application is needed to send the hand movement data to the virtual environment, further, the communication protocol is tested. For testing, a prototype of an anthropomorphic gripper with five fingers was made, with its own command and control system, which is briefly presented. The main constructive characteristics of the anthropomorphic gripper are described. The system is further tested to verify that the gestures of the human hand can be captured and transmitted to the real grasper via the virtual environment. To exemplify the effectiveness of the designed system, four cases are described, namely: grasping a tennis ball, grasping a screw spanner, grasping a mechanical shaft, and grasping a circular ball bearing. For future research, the possibility of mounting the anthropomorphic gripper on an ABB robot is described. The command of the ABB robot can be done with a Kinect device that can capture the movements of a human arm, and the command of the gripper can be done with the method described in the paper, using the Motion Leap device. A CAD simulation of a manipulation and assembly operation of two parts using this equipment is shown.

 

Author (s) Details

Ionel Staretu
Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania and Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Bucharest, Romania.

 

Catalin Moldovan
IBM, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v5/2247

 

Developing State Space Models for Power Tapping and Injection in Capacitor-Coupled Substations within Transmission Networks | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 9

The Capacitor Coupled Substation (CCS) is an emerging technology designed to tap electrical power from high-voltage (HV) transmission lines and convert it to distribution-level voltage using coupling capacitors. CCS has gained attention due to its potential for cost-effective power supply, especially in sparsely populated areas. A notable feature of CCS is its ability to perform both power tapping and power injection, with applications such as feeding microgrid-generated electricity back into the main transmission network. This dual functionality has motivated numerous studies, focusing on its integration into transmission networks and its impact on stability, including multiple CCS units operating in tandem. With its ability to control voltage stability through capacitive reactive power, CCS technology is seen as a feasible option for rural electrification.

This paper develops a state-space mathematical model for the CCS system under power tapping and power injection conditions, providing a framework for analyzing such systems’ behavior and performance, particularly in rural electrification scenarios and renewable energy or microgrids integration. The use of state-space formulation simplifies the complexity of multiple variables inherent in CCS systems, offering a streamlined method for effective control and design of CCS operations.

 

Author (s) Details

 

SangMin Woo
College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

HyunJoon Jeong
College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

JinYoung Choi
College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

HyungMin Cho
College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

Jeong-Taek Kong
College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

SoYoung Kim

College of Information and Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon -16419, South Korea.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v9/2557

The Effect of Blended Learning Simulation on Learning Outcome | Chapter 1 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 3

The development of aviation training grew rapidly along with the development of technology and science. Therefore, it is necessary for instructional designers to produce new instructional models to take advantage of educational research and development results. This paper presents the formative evaluation for an instructional model for Aerodrome Flight Information training development. The developed instructional model was a blending of e-briefing with face-to-face  role-play simulation and debriefing. The aim of this study was to improve the effectiveness of the developed instructional model. Respondents were selected from eight students who represent low, medium, and high learning achievement students.  This study employed a formative evaluation by Tessmer (2013) with both used qualitative and quantitative approaches. The respondents of field test are 22 students of the 2016-2017 academic years. The formative evaluation consisted of expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field test. This research was carried out at Indonesia Civil Aviation Institute. The data were collected through open-end interview, questionnaire, and field observation. The data analysis used descriptive statistic method. The finding indicates that the blended learning simulation-based model increased learning outcome (+12.55); students and instructors were more satisfy when they implemented this model (4.47); and the model increased student’s attention level (4.5). Based on the findings, the proposed instructional model can be implemented in this institution.

 

Author (s) Details

Sri Rahayu Surtiningtyas

Department of Educational Technology, Postgraduate Program Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia and The Aviation Polytechnic of Surabaya and the Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v3/3860

Findings of Radar Cross Section Using AI and ML | Chapter 4 | Design and Simulation of Classical and Quantum Antennas in Gigahertz and Terahertz: Applications in Radar Using Deep Neural Techniques

This study aimed to discuss the monostatic and bistatic radar cross-section of an object with the help of simulation tools and to relate the findings with the radar cross-section definition using MATLAB. A Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) cylinder and sphere were used as an object for the simulation of the Radar Cross Section computed in CST Studio Suite software. The incident wave selected is normal and plane with TE polarization. The setup here discusses the different findings of the Radar Cross Section at different parameters like azimuth, elevation, and frequency and compares it with the model based on the theoretical formula. After simulation, results are compared with the theoretical formula using the modelling in MATLAB software.

 

Author (s) Details

 

R. Shandilya
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash University of Technology (East Campus), New Delhi, India.

 

Dr. Manisha Khulbe
Netaji Subhash University of Technology Delhi (East Campus), New Delhi, India.

 

A. Jain
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash University of Technology (East Campus), New Delhi, India.

 

S. Kaushik
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash University of Technology (East Campus), New Delhi, India.

 

R. Yadav
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash University of Technology (East Campus), New Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-41-1/CH4

Medium-Voltage Testbed for Comparing Advanced Power Line Sensors vs. Measurement Transformers with Electrical Grid Events | Chapter 1 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 5

Electrical utilities have relied upon potential transformers (PTs) and current transformers (CTs) for very accurate metering and to provide reliable signals for protective relays. These devices measure phase voltages and currents and are commissioned by electrical engineers. PTs/CTs can detect and react to various electrical anomalies that could adversely affect electrical grid operations. Less expensive alternative sensing technologies offer the possibility of wider deployment, particularly in grids that employ distributed energy resources. In this work, the performance of an advanced medium-voltage sensor is compared with that of a reference PT and a CT and experimentally evaluated for different power grid scenarios on an advanced outdoor power line sensor testbed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The sensor is based on a capacitive divider for voltage monitoring and a Rogowski coil with an integrator for current monitoring. This study simulated a power grid model based on a utility circuit at the Riverside EPB of Chattanooga. The simulation circuit was created with MATLAB/Simulink software and was integrated into an RT-LAB project to run with the OP4510 real-time simulator at the OPLST. During the tests, the real-time simulations were run for 40 s, and the signal to record the test event with the power meter was set at 30 s for the event-trigger circuit. The advanced outdoor power line sensor testbed has a real-time simulator that is used to generate transient scenarios (e.g., electrical faults, capacitor bank operation, and service restoration), while the analog signals are recorded by the same high-resolution power meter. The behaviors of analog signals, harmonic components, total harmonic distortion, and crest factors are assessed for this power line sensor and compared with those of the reference PT/CT because of the absence  of testing standards for advanced outdoor power line sensors. The results showed that this OPLS technology responded identically to the PT and CT under all conditions.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Emilio C. Piesciorovsky
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

 

R. J. BruceWarmack
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

 

Yarom Polsky
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Manufacturing Science Division, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v5/4054

Developing Complex Network Simulation of Forest Network Spatial Pattern in Pearl River Delta | Chapter 2 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

In the history of more than 2000 years of development, the original forest of the Pearl River Delta area was almost cut down, hilly low mountain area was secondary or sparse forest; Now, Plain water network area grown mulberry, tropical fruit lychee, longan, sugar cane and banana. Vegetation ecological function in the area is weak as the beach, and wetland-based water ecological services are the main components. Forest network construction uses the method and model with the scale-free features of complex network theory based on random graph theory and dynamic network nodes which show a power-law distribution phenomenon. The model is suitable for ecological disturbance by larger ecological landscape Pearl River Delta consistent recovery. Remote sensing and GIS spatial data are available through the latest forest patches. A standard scale-free network node distribution model calculates the area of the forest network’s power-law distribution parameter value size; The recent existing forest polygons which are defined as nodes can compute the network nodes' decaying index value of the network’s degree distribution. The parameters of the forest network are picked up then make a spatial transition to GIS real world models. Hence the connection is automatically generated by minimizing the ecological corridor by the least cost rule between the near nodes. Based on scale-free network node distribution requirements, select the number compared with less, a huge point of aggregation as a future forest planning network’s main node, and put them with the existing node sequence comparison. By this theory, the forest ecological projects in the past avoid being fragmented, scattered disorderly phenomena. The previous regular forest networks can be reduced the required forest planting costs by this method. For ecological restoration of tropical and subtropical in south China areas, it will provide an effective method for the forest entering city project guidance and demonstration with other ecological networks (water, climate network, etc.) for networking a standard and base datum.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Yuhuai Zeng
Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou, 510070, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v6/403

The Paradigm of Complex Probability, Numerical Analysis, and Chaos Theory | Book Publisher International

The set of imaginary numbers is taken into account by extending the probability system of five axioms of Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov which was put forward in 1933. This is achieved by adding three new and supplementary axioms. Hence, any random experiment can thus be performed in the extended complex probability set C = R + M which is the sum of the real set R of real probabilities and the imaginary set M of imaginary probabilities. The objective here is to determine the complex probabilities by encompassing and considering additional new imaginary dimensions to the event that occurs in the “real” laboratory. The outcome of the stochastic phenomenon in C can be foretold perfectly whatever the probability distribution of the input random variable in R is since the corresponding probability in the whole set C is permanently and constantly equal to one. Thus, the consequence that follows indicates that randomness and chance in R is substituted now by absolute determinism in C. This is the result of the fact that the probability in C is computed after the subtraction of the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the nondeterministic experiment. This novel complex probability paradigm will be applied to numerical analysis and to chaos theory to prove henceforth that chaos vanishes totally and completely in the probability universe C = R + M.

Author(s) Details:

Abdo Abou Jaoudé,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Lebanon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TPCPNACT/article/view/14275

A Brief Overview on Dynamic Model of Grid-connected PV System | Chapter 9 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 This study establishes a Dynamic model of grid-connected PV system by MATLAB/Simulink with d-and q-axis as coordinates which is synchronously rotating with the grid voltage to reflect the characteristics of the system accurately. Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising new energy sources; it doesn't require large, lossy batteries when used in conjunction with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Reduced transmission and distribution losses and less environmental contamination are achieved by distributed generation and on-site PV system supply.  Based on the accurate modelling system, optimum control and fault analysis are studied. The simulation and analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and demonstrate that the proposed control system has good static performance. Simulation and analysis results show that the model can correctly reflect the system characteristics and the methods can meet the actual needs.

Author(s) Details:

T. Narasimha Prasad,
Department of EEE, St. Ann's College of Engineering and Technology, Chirala, India.

G. Kaladhar,
Department of EEE, St. Ann's College of Engineering and Technology, Chirala, India.

A. Lakshmi Devi,
Department of EEE, SV University College of Engineering, SV University, Tirupati, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V9/article/view/13961

The Paradigm of Complex Probability and The Central Limit Theorem | Chapter 3 | The Paradigm of Complex Probability, the Law of Large Numbers, and the Central Limit Theorem

The concept of mathematical probability was established in 1933 by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov by defining a system of five axioms. This system can be enhanced to encompass the imaginary numbers set after the addition of three novel axioms. As a result, any random experiment can be executed in the complex probabilities set C which is the sum of the real probabilities set R and the imaginary probabilities set M. We aim here to incorporate supplementary imaginary dimensions to the random experiment occurring in the “real” laboratory in R and therefore to compute all the probabilities in the sets R, M, and C. Accordingly, the probability in the whole set C = R + M is constantly equivalent to one independently of the distribution of the input random variable in R, and subsequently the output of the stochastic experiment in R can be determined absolutely in C. This is the consequence of the fact that the probability in C is computed after the subtraction of the chaotic factor from the degree of our knowledge of the nondeterministic experiment. We will apply this innovative paradigm to the well-known Central Limit Theorem and to prove as well its convergence in a novel way.

Author(s) Details:

Abdo Abou Jaoudé,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Lebanon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TPCPLLNCLT/article/view/13494

Simulation Database System of the Active Ingredients in Compound Decoction of Chinese Medicine | Chapter 9 | Diagnostic and Treatment Advances in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

 Compound decoction is the main form of clinical application of Chinese medicine. Current research on active ingredients of Chinese medicine has commonly relied on chemical separation and extraction technology by using organic solvents, which was very different from the traditional method of water-phase boiling. Difference in preparation methods would lead to awareness discrepancy in active ingredients. The present system simulated the decoction boiling conditions of traditional Chinese medicine, and established databases of related components and their interaction, and analysed the possible active ingredients existed in compound decoction via database mining, statistical analysis and other technologies.

Author(s) Details:

Long Zhang,
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.

Hua Zhao,
Agricultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.

Gang Zhou,
Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.

Tianshui Niu,
Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.

Jianshe Yang,
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China and Agricultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/DTACSC/article/view/9560

Simulation of Dye Synthesized Solar Cell Using Artificial Neural Network: Brief Overview | Chapter 6 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

 The basic goal of present test is to foresee continually worldwide battery powered by the sun efficiency in view of of or in the atmosphere factors, handling distinctive counterfeit neural method (ANN) procedures. In the examination we report the impact of Dye Synthesized solar cell. A three-coating artificial interconnected system (ANN) model was developed to predict the effectiveness of Dye Synthesized solar cell established 100 experimental sets. In the present test we report the impact of Dye Synthesized solar cell. The effect of functional parameters such as avoid current (Jsc), Open circuit energized matter (Voc), Fill factor (FF) were intentional to optimize the conditions to check the adeptness of Dye Synthesized solar cell. Experimental results revealed that the ANN model was able to predict adsorption effectiveness with a touching sigmoid transfer function (tansig) at hidden coating with 20 neurons and a uninterrupted transfer function (purelin) at output layer [1]. The Levenberg–Marquardt treasure (LMA) was used accompanying a minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00350141. The uninterrupted regression middle from two points the network outputs and the corresponding targets were explained to be acceptable with a correlation cooperative of about 0.9993 for six model variables used in this place study.

Author(s) Details:

S. K. Kharade,
Department of Mathematics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

K. G. Kharade,
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

S. V. Katkar,
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

R. K. Kamat,
Department of Computer Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.

Please see the link here: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/147

Determination of Process Simulation and Performance Models for Improved Products Yield in Enhanced Modular Refinery Operation in Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 This stage focused on the need to curb continual shortage and importation of petroleum done products in Nigeria through the restoration of existing refineries, construction of new refineries and upgraded operations of modular purifier processes. Thus, operations and modification of transposable refinery process by seeing twenty (20) different types of Nigerian crude oil for unrefined petroleum assay analysis and classification utilizing Aspen Hysys. The crude oil assay analysis classification the twenty Nigerian crude oil types as sweet vulgar (sulphur content below 0.5wt%), light crude oil (API advantage above 38) and medium crude oil type (API value middle from two points 22 and 28). Also, the Nigerian crude oil types were grouped established their recovery capacity at true boiling point of 3700C as group A (unrefined petroleum with recovery capacity above 80%), which is suitable for commutable refinery movements in Nigeria, while group B (crude oil with improvement volume between 70% and 79%) and group C (unrefined petroleum with recovery capacity below 70%) are more acceptable for enhanced modular purifier process due to high slag (above 20%) from conventional modular purifier. Besides, light and medium sweet oil types were fake in a modular refinery (covering plant) at different numbers of column platter (25, 29, 35, 40 and 48) and based on products yield and supplies cost, modular purifier with twenty-nine (29) column trays was used in this study. Therefore, twenty Nigerian crude oil types were fake in a topping plant and enhanced covering plant of 30,000bpd capacity and twenty-nine (29) procession trays respectively using Aspen Hysys to judge their products yield and tray arrangements. Furthermore, the enhanced moduular refinery accompanying hydrocracker reactor surrendered more significant products (liquefied oil gas, naphtha, engine and bottom) from the residue of conventional covering plant with Nigerian Brass 2012 of API 40.62, improvement volume 88.78%, yielded debris of 11.22% and 1.29% for modular and enhanced standard refineries respectively while Okoro 2012 of least API 23.54, improvement volume 57.84%, allowed residue of 42.16% and 4.92% for modular and changed modular refineries respectively. In addition, the standard of conservation of mass was used in developing the hydrocracker electrical device models based on the determined character of reaction taking place in the hydrocracker activator, kinetic parameters (pre-aggressive factors and incitement energies) estimated utilizing single point regression study with MatLab software and results distinguished with energetic experimental data of identical study with minimum absolute mistakes or deviations. The developed models were answered using MatLab spreadsheet and the models predicted feedstock conversion (debris) and products yield along the hydrocracker dimensionless distance, thus the hydrocracking process was simulated to judge the effects of something which incites activity effectiveness factor on feedstock adaptation and products yield along the electrical device dimensionless length.

Author(s) Details:

Adeloye Olalekan Michael,
Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria.

Igbagara Princewill Wonyinbrakemi,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Cyrus Aseibichin,
Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abu Robin Nyemenim,
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V8/article/view/11546

Modular Refinery (Topping Plant) Operations: Simulation of Nigerian Crude Oil | Chapter 5 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 2

This episode is focused on the need to curb shortage and importation of petroleum done products in lubricate-producing nation Nigeria through the movement of conventional standard refineries in conjunction with major perfect- ries operating efficiently. This research study complicated crude oil assay analysis on twenty various types of Nigerian crude oil from various oil fields using Aspen Hysys Version 10 to decide their compositions, features, product cuts and ascertain their suitabil- ity as feedstock for transposable refinery (covering plant). Thus, crude oil assay resides of a compilation of data on characteristics and composition of natural oils. The assay provides critical news on the suitability of unrefined petroleum for a particular refinery and judging the desired merchandise yields and quality. Besides, light and medium sweet oil types were fake in a conventional transposable refinery (topping plant) at various numbers of column trays (25, 29, 35, 40 and 48) to decide their product yield. Based on product yield and supplies costs at dif- ferent numbers of tray processions, a modular purifier with twenty-nine column trays was used in this study. Based on the result of these a body of the most important- lyses, a conventional modular purifier with twenty-nine trays in the rude distillation unit was preferred for the simulation. Thus, twenty Nigerian unrefined petroleum types were simulated in a conventional interchangeable refinery of 30,000 cask per day capaci- ty and twenty-nine column trays individually to evaluate their brand yield  and tray compositions.

Author(s) Details:

Adeloye, Olalekan Michael,
Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria.

Afolayan Joel Tobi,
Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Cyrus Aseibichin,
Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abu Robin Nyemenim,
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V2/article/view/11531

Model Analysis for Grapes under Weather Conditions Using Various Statistical Study Approach | Chapter 13 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 Grape is ultimate important crop, and it is cultivated in nearly all country on the planet. Tamil Nadu is the major builder of grape in Theni district, understood by Dindigul and Coimbatore; hence this research is concentrated on the Theni district. Muscat Humbug is the standard variety that gives better yield than other differences. This study was carried out on Muscat Humbug variety. In this branch, statistical models for various techniques are reviewed. A climatic yield prophecy model for grape is developed and tentatively solved utilizing statistical techniques. The model authorizes the evaluation of key methods to go through and the belongings of various land practises on the amount and quality of the crop. In this study, recent key happenings in the modelling of prediction of yield and ailment incidence are inspected. These modelled mainly correlated accompanying climatic determinants. Because, climate has a direct influence on crop incident and the final yield. This chapter is hard-working to the modelling of yield indicator for grape by different mathematical methods and mathematical solutions. Detailed maps and charge balances are linked with a model for the response mechanism in the grape. It is important that hypothetical models are developed to defeat the burden on laboratory-located testing and advance the development of efficient systems.

Author(s) Details:

A. Eswari,
Department of Physical Sciences and IT, Agricultural Engineering College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.

S. Saravanakumar,
Department of Science & Humanities, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V6/article/view/11429

Optimization of Modular Refinery Operations in Nigeria's Striping Section: An Update | Chapter 3 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 This branch focused on optimization of oil refined crop from conventional modular purifier operations in Nigeria through the processing of allure residue to more valuable production such as liquefied oil gas, naphtha and engine via a hydrocracker reactor. Petroleum cleansing includes processing of vulgar raw material indifferent physical and chemical processes, through yielding several device cuts. Thus, the processes of refining crude oil are synthetic engineering located in addition to other acceptable facilities present in crude oil refineries (lubricate refineries) to process petroleum into valuable products, that include liquefied oil gas, gasoline, oil, jet fuel, diesel lubricate and fuel oils. As a result, modified modular refineries caused more valuable produce including liquefied petroleum vapor, naphtha, and diesel, that resolved the residue or bottom device issue related to the movement of conventional modular refineries in Nigeria.  Models were grown from the first principle through the application of the standard of conservation of mass to conclude the performance of the hydrocracker activator and the developed mod- els were sets of common differential equations, that were solved using Mat- Lab ODE45 solver and legitimized using imitation data of Aspen Hysys soft- good for the hydrocracker reactor. The results gave a minimum portion absolute error (departure) between model forecasts and Aspen Hysys re- sults of 4.45%, 5.0% and 2.02% for liquefied petroleum gas, oil and di- esel products respectively. Based on the confirmation of the developed models, models simulation was per- made to study the effects of impetus effectiveness factors on feedstock conver- sion and amount yield of the hydrocracker reactor. The proposed model was used to analyze or simulate the impacts of the catalyst influence factor on the overall accomplishment of the hydrocracker reactor. It accurately foresaw the output performance of the hydrocracker activator.

Author(s) Details:

Adeloye Olalekan Michael,

Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria.

Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi,

Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria.

Cyrus Aseibichin,

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEIMS-V2/article/view/11297

Complexity in Dynamic Academic Systems from Topology and Genetic Grammars | Chapter 13 | Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 6

 This affiliate sheds a new light on the hypothetical foundations of the main contemporary drives towards the adequacy of the education-learning process to the excellent changes of our society. An academic environment can progress from chaos to stabilised states, and this hypothetical study will present and also discuss a turbulent simulation model that addresses this. This study will determine a consistent institution for new methodological initiatives that support shifts in the usual paradigm of instruction and learning.The study was planned from the classical literature on disorganized systems accompanying some original hypothetical implementations.This study is based on the configuration of a DAS toy model by way of computational simulations carried out on a practically built haphazard academic environment. The individuals were top-secret by profiles of orderly abilities represented by twofold strings outlining a topology. Such the earth's features fixed the type of the strings and their transcriptions to unit of the mathematical system system. To imitate the evolution of bureaucracy, three differential equations were numerically linked in convolution, individual of which fashioned reference to those strings transfered into decimal signs. The simulations were run using the Maple and R programming languages.Simulations displayed attractors for different occasion intervals of redundancies. For wide ranges of individual propensities to cultivate the six abilities illustrated in the work it was noticed that the dissimilarities of individual profiles induced attractors accompanying narrow boundaries. Growing the number of things, this tendency was uphold.   The study displayed simulations of academic systems containing professors and researchers communicating in a stable environment, emphasize how these structures could change from chaotic configurations to stability and produce clear attractors.

Author(s) Details:

Nilo Serpa,
Centro Universitário ICESP, Brasília,Brazil.

Marcelo Alcântara,
Centro Universitário ICESP, Brasília,Brazil.

Emilly Moura da Cruz,
GAUGE-F Scientific Researches, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHLLE-V6/article/view/10809

Micelles as Supercages for Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesis| Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 The bettering of the bimetallic nanoparticles characteristics depends the ability to tune the alloy arrangement and surface features, which requires an progressive control of the synthetic design. We carried out a calculating simulation study on the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles apiece microemulsion route. A comprehensive reasoning of the resulting nanostructures was acted in the light of the influence of intermicellar exchange on reactivity. For a couple of metals whose dissimilarity in standard reduction potentials is about 0.2- 0.3 V, and utilizing a quite flexible surfactant, the response rate of each metal was listened versus occasion using different catalyst proportions. It was confirmed that reaction rates depends not only on the synthetic reduction rate but also on intermicellar rate of exchange, because the intermicellar exchange plays as drug pump, which results in an growth of slower forerunners within micelles, with improving the slower synthetic reduction. So the duller reduction rate strongly depends on the portion of reactants in micelles. On the contrary, faster reduction rate is just restricted by the intermicellar rate of exchange, and no reactants accumulation takes place. This different interaction between two together metal decline rates and the compartmentalization of the reaction media have key consequences on the sequence of metals decline. Hence different precursor portions leads to different sequences of metals decline, so the arrangement of two together metals in the resulting nanostructure can be maneuvered just by changing the forerunner proportions.

Author(s) Details:

C. Tojo,
Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain.

E. Gonzalez,
Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain.

N. Vila-Romeu,
Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, E-32004, Ourense, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V2/article/view/9239