Machine Learning Feature Selection Techniques to Model the Elements of Cash Conversion Cycle and Other Covariates on Hospital Performance | Chapter 4 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

 

This study seeks to contribute by empirically modeling the cash conversion cycle on hospital performance using two supervised machine learning feature selection techniques. In data science, model selection instability is a major concern, especially when dealing with a high number of features. Data mining, such as subset selection technique and regularization (shrinkage) techniques, pays attention to how to extract meaningful information by modeling the raw data. We employed methods such as best subset selection coupled with an exhaustive search using linear regression and shrinkage methods (Lasso, Ridge, and ElasticNet) to model a real dataset. The empirical results indicated that the Lasso outperformed the other shrinkage methods in feature selection even though the average root mean squared error (rmse) was close. Again, Account Receivable Days (ARD), Account Payable Days (APD), Inventory Turnover Days (INV), and Debt Ratio were discovered to be predictors of hospital performance, which are also components of the Cash Conversion Cycle. Finally, the results show that, on average, a day decrease in the hospital’s collection period will decrease performance by 1%, and a one-unit increase in a day in the account payable decrease performance by 0.003 times. Future studies could explore more advanced algorithms, like recursive feature elimination selection methods, to enhance the analysis of CCC on hospital performance. Lastly, it is recommended that hospitals focus on restructuring their cash conversion cycle management, particularly concerning days of account payables.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Richmond Essieku

Department of Economics, Texas Tech University – 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA and School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1201 W University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.

Helena Baffoe

Department of Social Work, Texas Tech University – 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.

Makafui Komla Akatu

Department of Economics, Texas Tech University – 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.

Prince Bosompim

School of Financial Planning, Texas Tech University – 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.

James Ladzekpo

Department of Economics, Texas Tech University – 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v8/440

Recovery of Iron Values from Sub Grade Iron Ore through Modeling and Optimisation of Multigravity Separation: A Study Using Three Level Three Factor Box Behnken Design | Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

With the gradual depletion of the high-grade iron ore reserves, it becomes obligatory on the part of the mining industry to consider the exploitation and utilization of low/lean grade ores. In the present investigation, the emphasis was on the development of a cost-effective process flow sheet to benefit these ores to make them suitable for the user industry. In this study, a three-level, three-factor Box- Behnken factorial design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for modeling of process parameters of Multi Gravity Separator (MGS) for recovery Iron values from sub-grade iron ore, Deposit No. 5, Bailadila complex has been developed. The three significant operational parameters of MGS, Drum rotational speed, Drum inclination and wash water Flow rate were considered in the experimental work and all other parameters like feed percent solids, shake frequency and shake amplitude were maintained constant. The 'as received' sub-grade iron ore sample is an admixture of lump and fines and chemically assayed  and  Loss on Ignition (LOI). Experiments were conducted with representative sample ground to -100 mesh  as per the design matrix. The obtained results were evaluated with the Box-Behnken factorial design, RSM and also Quadratic programming (QP). Second-order response functions were developed for a grade (  and recovery (% yield) of the concentrate fraction. Taking advantage of quadratic programming (QP), it was observed that a maximum grade of  achieved at a drum inclination of 3 degrees, wash water flow rate of 6 Liters Per Minute (LPM) and a drum rotational speed of 175 Revolutions Per Minute (RPM). Similarly, a maximum concentrate recovery (Yield) of  by weight could be achieved at 5 degrees drum inclination, 2 LPM wash water flow rate and a drum rotational speed of 225 RPM. Predicted values of responses obtained using model equations were in good agreement with the experimental values. The influence of the process variables of multi gravity separator on concentrate grade and recovery was discussed. This finding proved that Box–Behnken design, response surface methodology could efficiently be applied for modeling of some sub-grade iron ore from Bailadila and that it is an economical way of obtaining the maximum amount of information in a short period of time and with the fewest number of experiments.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Gottumukkala Venkateswara Rao

R&D Centre, NMDC Limited, Hyderabad, India.

Ravvala Markandeya

JNTUH College of Engineering, Manthani, India.

Rajan Kumar

JNTUH College of Engineering, Manthani, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v5/8892A

Fractal Patterns in Polymer Electrolyte Films: Computational Simulation Using Fractal Growth Parameters| Chapter 7 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 12

Polymer electrolyte films exhibit fractal patterns, which have been studied through simulations. This study integrates the Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) model with Brownian motion theory to simulate fractal patterns in these films. The simulations apply fractal growth parameters, demonstrating growth rules and essential model properties. Using the Matlab platform, computer simulations were conducted by adjusting parameters such as sticking coefficients, number of particles, and lattice sites. Modifying these parameters resulted in noticeable variations in the simulation outcomes. Fractal dimensions (D) of the patterns were calculated using the box-counting method, both from experimental observations and simulations. The study also discusses the influence of different growth parameters on these fractal dimensions.

 

Author (s) Details

Shahizat Amir

Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Mariah Binti Sabar
Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Mohd Zahurin Bin Mohamed Kamali
Institute of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Ahmad Zaki Bin Mohamad Amin
Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v12/1890

Saline Intrusion Model in the Sinaloa River Aquifer, Mexico | Chapter 8 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The risk of a seaside aquifer expected contaminated by salty intrusion is increased significantly by the effect of determinants such as a to a certain extent-arid temperature and agriculture sustained for the most part by irrigation accompanying groundwater. Water samples were taken from wells in the city of Guasave, Sinaloa, in order to decide the salinity of groundwater within the coastal portion of the Sinaloa River fountain. Precisely, we aimed to decide the concentrations of the major present ions, that would allow hydrogeochemical studies to be completed activity, and thus determine the value of the liquid.The results of these samples show that there are extreme concentrations of salinity in the water only in some wells forthcoming the coastline. The water bulk was used to simulate the wedge of water containing salt intrusion into the fountain, using a numerical model (Glover and Ghyben - Herzberg Model). The information create in the modeling shows that the intrusion chunk comes into contact with the level of water at a depth place there are no wells now drilled in the study field, on the other hand, the horizontal distance of the chunk reaches three kilometers.

Author(s) Details:

Rosario Iturbe,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico.

Ana A. Castro,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico.

José A. Barrera,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico.

José A. Mendoza,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico.

Luis C. González,
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Avenida Universidad 81048 Guasave, Sin, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9647

Use of Groundnut Shells (Powder) as an Alternative Sculpture Material for Fine Art in Salaga Senior High School, Ghana | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

 The fabrics used for teaching sculpt in Salaga Senior High School (SHS) in Northern Ghana have mainly existed clay, cement and wood. Using only these fabrics comes with different limitations. The harsh weather restraints, monotony in the use of the alike materials over long periods and the failure to purchase other matters as they are expensive and inaccessible to undergraduates due to the inadequate capital in purchasing fabrics for studio work have been the main challenges to the productive teaching and knowledge of sculpture in the Salaga SHS. This necessitated an asking into groundnut structures which are abundant in the Salaga society and could be secondhand as a viable sculpture material but is threw away by burning or dumping accompanying consequent loud noises. Through quasi experimental means of inquiry, the scientists used groundnut structures powder with picked binders to determine their suitability for shaping, casting and chiselling. The groundnut shells powder was adapted by collecting, separating, drying, and milling. They conducted a workshop test for the chemical composition and toxicity of the nut shells. The scientists mixed the groundnut structures powder with picked binders in producing aesthetically pleasing formed, cast and carved everything. The findings revealed that nut shells powder is harmless and suitable for sculpture. Groundnut structures powder reacted positively with cassava vigor, Styrofoam, white adhesive (Top Bond), contact adhesive type-99 glue and artificial resin. The done works were strong and smooth to transport. Sculpture teachers and undergraduates of Salaga SHS and other schools as well as those in after second institutions in Ghana are heartened to use groundnut shells (powder) as an alternate sculpt material.

Author(s) Details:

Dam Kenneth Sakoalia,
Visual Arts Unit, Department of Vocational and Technical, Bagabaga College of Education, Ghana.

Joe Adu-Agyem,
Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology, Faculty of Art, KNUST, Ghana.

Dorothy Akpene Amenuke,
Department of Painting and Sculpture, Faculty of Art, KNUST, Ghana.

Benjamin Deffor,
Department of Visual Arts, WBM Zion Senior High School, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V6/article/view/9494

Study on Calibration of ASM1 for Carbon and Nitrogen Removals of Riqqa Activated Sludge System, Kuwait| Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 The second-best wastewater treatment convenience in Kuwait, the Riqqa plant, has recently displayed signs of operating in shaky conditions. A study was currently carried out by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research to assess plant efficiency and identify ultimate likely sources of the issue. The plant's stimulated sludge system was shaped using ASM1 in the SIMBA imitation package to carry out these goals. In Kuwait, ASM1 was being used for the first occasion to simulate a total activated sludge arrangement.  This study uses routinely calculated wastewater quality dossier over a long period of time to measure ASM1 to the carbon and nitrogen removals of the Riqqa stimulated sludge system. COD fractionation and early estimations of the measurement parameters were two together aided by respirometer study.  Validation results showed agreement 'tween the measured and fake effluent COD, NH4-N and NO3-N long-term dynamic simulation. The grown model can be secondhand in the evaluation and diagnosis of bureaucracy performance. Also, got values of ASM1 limits will be useful in modelling different activated mud systems in the country and the region.

Author(s) Details:

A. Abusam,
Innovative Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Program, Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V1/article/view/9093

Modeling and Simulation of Chemical and Mass Transfer Processes in Industrial Column Apparatuses | Chapter 7 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

Theoretical study of the techniques for modelling and simulating industrial processes is offered in this chapter. The need for knowledge about the interphase boundaries and velocity distributions in the phases in the column apparatuses and the interaction between the simple (elementary) processes in the complex process, i.e., knowledge about the process mechanism, lead to two main problems in the modelling of the kinetics of industrial mass transfer processes that are resolved.

 

Author (s) Details

Boyan Boyadjiev

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria.

Christo Boyadjiev

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria.

 

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V2/article/view/7631

Introduction in the Biotechnology Processes Modeling | Chapter 1| Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 2

The methodologies for modelling biotechnological processes are theoretically analysed in the paper. Different modelling approaches may be used for different processes, but in each instance the mathematical description of the process must be made more realistic by using relevant experimental data. These techniques are offered for modelling processes with unknown mechanisms, multiparameter models, and biotechnology processes in column apparatuses.

 

Author (s) Details:

Christo Boyadjiev

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria.

Petya Popova-Krumova

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria.

Please see the link here:- https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V2/article/view/7564

Determining the Association between Climatic Variables and Malaria Incidence in Kokrajhar District of Assam, India | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

The Kokrajhar region's weather is favourable for malaria transmission all year round. Due to the district's extensive forest coverage, the dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and non-forested areas differ. The temporal link between malaria incidence and climatic factors was investigated using observed malaria incidence rates in the forest, non-forest, and total district from 2001 to 2010. To seek for connections between the two, Pearson correlation analysis was utilised. Cross-correlation testing was used to compare pre-whitened series of meteorological variables with data related to malaria. While linear regressions were employed to discover linear relationships between climatic conditions and malaria incidence, weighted least squares regression was used to construct models for explaining and estimating malaria incidence rates. Using the Markham approach, the seasonal index was utilised to look at the yearly concentration of malaria incidence. There are several malaria seasons in locations with and without forests. While the frequency of non-forest malaria was negatively linked with temperature series, the incidence of malaria in forests was favourably correlated with relative humidity. Comparatively to non-forest areas, the forest region has a greater seasonality of malaria concentration. Annual variations in malaria cases in the forest were significantly correlated with temperature (coeff =0.689, p=0.040). A substantial portion of the observed variability in the incidence rates for all may be explained by separate, credible models that were built for forecasting malaria incidence rates based on the combined effect of meteorological factors on malaria incidence in different sections of the district. The occurrence of malaria in the region is complicated by the local climate. In both forests and non-forest settings, the incidence of malaria is impacted differently by climate factors. The amount of rainfall has a significant impact on the district's malaria prevalence. Parasites that cause malaria have evolved to a relative humidity level that was greater above the district's usual range for transmission. The combined impacts of the climatic conditions were utilised to develop models rather than the individual effects.

Author(s) Details:

Dimacha Dwibrang Mwchahary,

Department of Mathematics, Kokrajhar Govt. College, India.

Dilip C. Nath,

Former VC, Assam University, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V5/article/view/7287

Impact of Desert Aerosols on the Solar Radiation of a Solar Central Photovoltaic (PV): A Modelling Approach | Chapter 11 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 The goal of this research is to simulate the effects of desert aerosols on a central solar photovoltaic system (PV). Our physical model is similar to that of a multilayer. The mathematical equations that govern the physical model have been described and discretized. We also looked at how the parameters a and X affected the amount of solar radiation that reached the surface of solar PV modules. The study's findings, as shown in Figs. 6(a)-(d), demonstrate that: if = 0 and X = 0, IC = 67.87 percent; if = 0.5 m and X = 0.5 m, IC = 21 percent; if = 1.8 m and X = 0.8 m, IC = 12 percent; and if = 1.5 m and X = 1.5 m, IC = 4%. These findings indicate that desert aerosols have a major impact on the amount of global solar energy received. Unfortunately, this influence reduces the overall output of central solar PV. The current study seeks to evaluate the impact of desert aerosols on the production yield of the IRSAT solar central PV and analyse the influence of desert aerosols on the production yield of the IRSAT solar central PV. The study's specific goals are to: I determine the optical depth of desert aerosols in the atmosphere above the solar central PV; (ii) model the process of dust suspended in the atmosphere and/or deposited on the solar PV field; and (iii) assess the impact of desert aerosols (on different suspension layers and/or disposition) on incident (direct, diffuse, thoughtful, and global) solar radiation and solar PV production yield.

Author(S) Details

Wend Dolean Arsène Ilboudo
Département Energie, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso and Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique et Renouvelable (LETRE), 03BP7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V9/article/view/6301

Study on Mathematical Model for Simulating Yarn Unwinding from Packages | Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 3

 Yarn unwinding from a package is critical in many textile activities. The stability of the unwinding process has a direct impact on the procedure's efficiency as well as the quality of the end output. During the unwinding process, the tension fluctuates.

The yarn is extracted at a high velocity in the direction of the package axis during over-end unwinding from a static package. The package's excellent design enables for an appropriate shape of the yarn balloon and low and consistent tension even at very high unwinding velocities. This project's purpose is to write down the equations that explain yarn motion during unwinding and to create a mathematical model that can be used to reproduce the process.

Author (S) Details

Stanislav Pracek
Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerceva 12, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Marianna Halász
Sándor Rejto Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Institut for Industrial Product Design, Óbuda University, Bécsi út 96 / B, 1034 Budapest, Hungary.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V3/article/view/2046

Developing the Numerical Simulation of Multicomponent Alloy Solidification | Chapter 3 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 16

 A non-equilibrium model was used to study multicomponent melt solidification, in which a Stefan problem with two borders was addressed numerically, the boundaries being between the solid phase and the two-phase transition zone, and between the two-phase transition zone and the liquid phase. The two-phase zone is represented by a porous material with varied porosity. The additional force preventing melt flow due to porosity is taken into account in the same way that Darcy's law is taken into account. Computer simulations were used to simulate the solidification of Sn-20 wt. percent Pb binary alloys via the process of downward-directed crystallisation along the gravity vector. The results of a quasi two-dimensional benchmark experiment on horizontal (i.e., perpendicular to the gravity vector) directional solidification of a binary Sn-3 wt. percent Pb alloy are presented in the publication. Two crystallisation models were used in the calculations: equilibrium and non-equilibrium crystallisation. The non-equilibrium model is proven to provide a more accurate depiction of natural convection-induced heat field evolution and solute dispersion. Solidification, binary alloy, dual-phase region, macrosegregation, convection, heat-mass transfer, modelling, comparison with experimental results, columnar-to-equiaxed transition Keywords: solidification, binary alloy, dual-phase region, macrosegregation, convection, heat-mass transfer, modelling, comparison with experimental results (CET).

Author (S) Details

V. P. Ginkin
Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Bondarenko sq.1, 249033 Obninsk, Russia.

S. M. Ganina
Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), Bondarenko sq.1, 249033 Obninsk, Russia.

A. V. Kartavykh
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials (TISNCM, Moscow branch), B.Tolmachevsky per.5, 119017 Moscow, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V16/article/view/1988

Monitoring Flood Simulation for Prediction Using 3D and Swat in Terengganu River Catchment | Chapter 1 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 For many years, the River (Sungai) Terengganu catchment in Malaysia has been flooding, causing significant problems for both residents and the environment. The variables obtained from the soil and water assessment tool SWAT, such as land use, soil, and slope, are the parameters measured in this study, which uses real-time simulation in ArcGIS 10.3 and 3D in ArcScene 10.3. induce the flood. When certain portions of the Hydrologic response unit HRU; land use, soil or slope is changed due to temporal adjustment and climate change, then the model can predicts zones of low, moderate and high flood risk. The 3D simulations appear to produce visual model for decisionmaking, planning, management and mitigation.

Author (s) Details

Ibrahim Sufiyan
Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nigeria.

Nasir M. Idris
Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria.

K. D. Muhammad
Federal University Lafia, Nigeria.

T. O. Adamu
Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V5/article/view/1610

Modeling Surface and Groundwater Quality near Solid Waste Dump Sites by Multivariate Statistical Approach in Warri Municipality, Nigeria | Chapter 3 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 6

 Waste produced by human activities typically pollutes water sources. Water resources are depleting around the world, and this problem is exacerbated by population growth and subsequent increases in water demand, particularly in developing countries. The impact of operations at three dump sites in Warri metropolis on surface and groundwater quality was investigated in this study. The water quality of boreholes, dug wells, and stream sources near the Niger-Cat, Don-Parkar, and Orhuwhorun dump sites was tested. Water samples were collected using a purposeful sampling method during the sampling periods of September, November, and January, and the concentrations of water quality parameters were determined. Water Quality Index (WQI) models for monitoring and prediction of water quality in groundwater and surface water around dump sites were simulated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The goodness of fit (R2) values for the models ranged from 0.9997 to 0.9999. (99 percent ). Boreholes: BH1, BH2, and BH3 had modelled WQI values of 60.9, 8.2, and 41.8, respectively, while dug-wells: DW1, DW2, and DW3 had modelled WQI values of 208.2, 49.3, and 51.5 at Niger-Cat. Don-BH1, Parkar's BH2, and BH3 were 15.5, 30.8, and 36.6, respectively, while DW1 and DW2 were 30.2 and 38.4. BH1 and BH2 were 33.5 and 16.2 at the Orhuwhorun landfill site, respectively; DW1, DW2, and DW3 were 49.7, 40.4, and 21.4, respectively; and Stream SM1 was 8.7. The water at the three dump sites was acidic, and the quality ranged from good to unfit for drinking, according to the findings. The activities of the dump sites, particularly the Niger-Cat dump site, are affecting the water sources around the dump sites, according to this study. It also found that the water in the vicinity of the dumps is acidic.

Author (s) Details

Meriem Sediri
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Salah Hanini
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Maamar Laidi
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Hakima Cherifi
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Siham Abbas Turki
Department of Electrics and Computing Engineering, University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V6/article/view/169

Study on Dynamic Adsorption of Complex System In Solid-Liquid Phase Modelling Using Artificial Neural Networks | Chapter 2 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The aim of this project is to create an ANN model that can predict the dynamic adsorption of a complex system of adsorbent-adsorbate in the solid-liquid phase based on various parameters using an adsorption column. In the input layer, nine neurons were used, while the first and second hidden layers used fourteen and ten neurons, respectively. In the output layer, only one neuron was used. The neural network was tested using a set of 2007 data points. For the hidden and output layers, the Levenberg Marquardt learning (LM) algorithm, logarithmic sigmoid transfer function, and linear transfer function were used, respectively. The ANN generated R2 = 0.9976 and 0.9969 for the total database and validation phase, respectively, between simulated data and those derived from the literature, with a root mean square error RMSE = 0.0268 and 0.0305 for the total database and validation phase, respectively.

Furthermore, Thomas and Bohart-Adams models were used to determine the best model. The neural network model outperformed the root mean square error (RMSE), sum of absolute error (SAE), Chi-square statistic test (X2), and correlation coefficient (R2) models. In general, the established model produces the highest [R2,,] agreement vector values with a root mean square error (RMSE) that is close to zero.

Author (s) Details

Meriem Sediri
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Salah Hanini
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Maamar Laidi
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Hakima Cherifi
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

Siham Abbas Turki
Department of Electrics and Computing Engineering, University of Médéa, Ain D’Heb 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V6/article/view/168

An Electricigen Bacteria Biofilm Dynamical Model for Microbial Fuel-Electrolytical Cells Systems | Chapter 8 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 8

On the basis of global mass balances of the different species present in these systems and considering that all the involved microorganisms are attached to the anodic biological film, a mathematical model for anodic electricicigen bacteria useful for Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) is suggested. The solution of partial differential equations describing the spatial distribution of potential and substrate in the biofilm is used to implement three major biological reactions. Numerical methods are used to simulate the model in the computer. The results show that this model agrees with previous research, but it also emphasises the significance of biofilm growth dynamics as a controlling factor.

Author (s) Details

Victor Alcaraz-Gonz´alez
Universidad de Guadalajara - CUCEI. Blvd. M. Garc´ıa Barrag´an 1451, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M´exico.

Ren´e Alejandro Flores-EstrellaDepartamento de Procesos Tecnol´ogicos e Industriales, Instituto Tecnol´ogico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (DPTI-ITESO), Perif ´ erico Sur Manuel G´omez Mor´ın 8585, 45604 Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, M´exico.

Uriel Garza-Rubalcava
Universidad de Guadalajara - CUCEI. Blvd. M. Garc´ıa Barrag´an 1451, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M´exico.

Andreas Haarstrick
Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute of Geoecology, Pockelsstr 2a 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V8/issue/view/45

Monitoring and Assessment of Pollution-Induced Dissolved Oxygen Variation in River Challawa | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 8

 The indiscriminate dumping into the river of waste water and urban sewage may have a detrimental effect on the health of aquatic life. The goal of the study is to investigate the impact of industrial effluent on the water quality of the Challawa River. Chemical analyses of river water samples collected at predetermined sampling points along a stretch of 10,644 km were carried out and ANOVA and regression analyses were carried out. The results obtained indicated that the DO values ranged from 2,4 mg/l to 1,9 mg/l, while the BOD5 values ranged from 443 mg/l to 1654 mg/l; the COD values ranged from 1296 mg/l to 4565 mg/l. For the River Challawa, the self-purification factor (f) ranges between 0.40 per day and 0.56 per day, putting the river as a highly polluted stream in the slow stream group. Results showed that the integration of the variability of k₂ in the determination of the oxygen sag equation predicted values closer to the measured values than when it was ignored.The predictions suggested substantial relationship with the observed values at 95 percent level of significance.

Author(s) Details

Dr. T. A. Adedokun
Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.

J. C. Agunwamba
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/342

An Experimental and Numerical Study of Turbulent Bubbly Flow and Heat Transfer in a Vertical Pipe with Sudden Expansion

 The flow patterns and heat transfer are tested experimentally and numerically in a bubbly flow downstream of a sudden pipe expansion. Using shadow photography, measurements of the bubble size were carried out. Using a PIV system, fluid phase velocities were measured. The Eulerian method was employed by the numerical model. The set of RANS equations was used for the simulation of bubbly twophase flows. Using the Reynolds stress model, the turbulence of the carrier liquid phase was expected. A substantial increase (up to 30 percent) is achieved in wall friction in the bubbly flow downstream of the suddenly expanding pipe. In bubbly flow, the average and fluctuating flow structures with small values of β ≤ 10 percent are close to that of a one-phase fluid flow. In the shear layer, the peak of axial and radial variations of the carrier fluid (liquid) velocity are observed in the bubbly flow. A large improvement in the heat transfer rate (up to 300 percent) resulted from the addition of air bubbles. After the point of flow re-attachment, the main increase in heat transfer is observed. After the point of flow re-attachment, the main increase in heat transfer is observed. In general, the distributions of the Nusselt number in the bubbly flow have a qualitatively similar character to that of turbulent separated flows for single-phase fluid.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Pavel Lobanov
Laboratory of Problems of Heat and Mass Transfer, Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Acad. Lavrent'ev Avenue, 1, Russia.Rudolf Rüffer ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.

Maksim Pakhomov
Laboratory of Thermal and Gas Dynamics, Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Acad. Lavrent'ev Avenue 1, Russia.

Viktor Terekhov
Laboratory of Thermal and Gas Dynamics, Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Acad. Lavrent'ev Avenue 1, Russia.

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The Methodological Aspect of Development and Application Multivariate Classification G-mode for Analyses Geochemical Trend | Chapter 15 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol.2

 This paper is a special G-mode of the system of multidimensional classification and its application in the Donetsk basin hydrogeochemistry review. Compared to other classification methods, it has the following key advantages: it does not require a priori information for the classification of observations; assigns homogeneous observing groups and subclasses; assesses the weight of the information of each indicator; calculates the distance between the homogeneous taxons; assesses the descriptiveness of the classification sign and others. The G-method is commonly used in the study of geochemical, environmental, cosmochemical, distance and other data forms. The technique was successfully used on Earth , Moon, Mars, Saturn, comets , asteroids and deep space to investigate objects, phenomena and processes. Direct and inverse geochemical zonality was established by the results of the use of the G-method in the study of hydrogeological data for the Donetsk basin. This demonstrates that oil and gas accumulations can be identified in the field.

Author (s) Details

Professor A. I. Gavrishin
South-Russian State Polytechnic University, Novocherkassk, Russia.

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Research on Modeling of Catalytic Multi Bore Hollow Fiber Membrane Plug Flow Reactor | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.2

 A model of Micro Multi Bore Hollow Fiber catalytic membrane reactor for the esterification process

was developed. The catalytic membrane having a functional group is used to prepare 2-ethyl
hexanoate. The implanted catalyst onto the membrane plays a significant role in removing the
generated water. Also, it breaks the thermodynamic equilibrium barrier and increases reaction
conversion. The multi bores membrane reactor behaves as a plug flow reactor, the concentration
changes along the length, it is described by ordinary differential equations with and without respect of
the axial dispersion. The membrane configuration with the perfect microcapillary channels gives
regular flow pattern with minimum resistance. Experimental results of an earlier project, are used to
verify and validate the model. The developed model was solved numerically. It revealed that the
considering of the axial dispersion model is a reliable assumption matching with the predicted and
calculated reaction conversion.

Author(s) Details

E. El Zanati
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

E. Farg
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

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