The Use of Cadmium in Industrial Segments Leaves a Trail of Contaminations | Book Publisher International

The objectives of this book are to associate the possible contaminations of cadmium in the various industrial segments involving science, technology, and the environment. The major sources of cadmium can be by-products of the mining, smelting, and refining of zinc sulfide (ZnS) ores and, to a lesser extent, lead sulfide (PbS) and copper sulfide (Cu2S, CuS, CuFeS2) ores. Cadmium minerals (greenockite - CdS) do not occur in sufficient concentrations and quantities to justify it’s their extraction and processing. The element cadmium object of this study was chosen because it is present, directly or indirectly, in several industrial segments and at the same time because it is considered an element extremely toxic, bioaccumulative, and currently occupying the seventh place among the toxic substances with the highest risk of causing harm to humans. In this study, the industrial production of cadmium metal, electrolytic refining, and cadmium metal purity. Nickel-cadmium batteries, the manufacture of cadmium alloys, and pigments, the cadmium electrolytic deposition process, and the various types of effluent treatment processes containing cadmium ions (Cd2+) are discussed. The literature highlights in the 1910s, in Japan, in the rice paddies on the borders of the Jintsu River, the protests of farmers due to cadmium contamination from lead and zinc mining. It is important to highlight the possible diseases contracted by man when associated with the enormous toxicity of cadmium in its various forms. In addition, the laboratory experiments are presented to show how the identification of the element cadmium was conducted in the past, the galvanic series of cadmium, contaminations during welding of silver-cadmium alloys, and the deposition of cadmium in carbon steel. Finally, the conclusions are focused on the critical view of the use of cadmium in several industrial segments and its toxicity.

 

Author (s) Details

Fernando B. Mainier
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Renata Jogaib Mainier
Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Marco Antônio Martins de Oliveira
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Lisiane Heinen Fernandes
Agência Reguladora de Serviços Públicos do Estado de São Paulo (ARSESP), SP, Brazil.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-41-4

Seasonal Variability of Heavy Metals Concentration of Industrial Effluents in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 The present study was proposed to investigate the impact of contamination on the receiving waters (Iguosa and Ikopba waterways) in Benin City, Nigeia. One of the most fault-finding problems of expanding and developed nations is vulgar management of colossal amount of wastes generated by differing anthropogenic activities. Though, very evident in the developing countries on account of availability of potable water beginnings. More challenging is the unsafe disposition of these wastes into the ambient surroundings. Effluents and water samples were analysed quantitatively for the presence of lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) for two together wet and dry season were determined utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Aquatic bugs are especially poisonous to higher metallic mineral concentrations. (ranatra elongata). A few of the raw fabrics used by these labors may be rich in these metals, in accordance with the high aggregation. Additionally, it was discovered that the hardware concentrations in receiving waters were unusually lower than those in the effluents that were fulfilled into ruling class. This might be a result of the taking waters' dilution effect incompletely. It is suggested that the effluents from Industries have dangerously polluted the taking water bodies .However, if Industrial exercises are not properly reserved or regulated and reduced, it might bring about serious loud noises and depravity of Ikpoba-Oha and Oluku Rivers in Benin City in the nearest future.

Author(s) Details:

A. E. Adeleke,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

S. A. Adegbite,
Department of Chemical Science, Joseph Ayo-Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria and Kansas State University, USA.

A. P. Onifade,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

A. A. Sangoremi,
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

A. A. Adegbite,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V1/article/view/10242

Seasonal Variability of Heavy Metals Concentration of Industrial Effluents in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

The present study was proposed to investigate the impact of dirtiness on the receiving waters (Iguosa and Ikopba waterways) in Benin City, Nigeia. One of the most fault-finding problems of expanding and developed nations is vulgar management of endless amount of wastes generated by miscellaneous anthropogenic activities. Though, very evident in the developing countries on account of availability of potable water beginnings. More challenging is the unsafe transfer of these wastes into the ambient atmosphere. Effluents and water samples were analysed quantitatively for the presence of lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) for two together wet and dry season were determined utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Aquatic bugs are especially poisonous to higher metallic mineral concentrations. (ranatra elongata). A few of the raw fabrics used by these enterprises may be rich in these metals, in accordance with the high aggregation. Additionally, it was discovered that the ingot concentrations in receiving waters were unusually lower than those in the effluents that were fulfilled into bureaucracy. This might be a result of the taking waters' dilution effect incompletely. It is suggested that the effluents from Industries have dangerously polluted the taking water bodies .However, if Industrial endeavors are not properly regulated or regulated and changed, it might bring about serious loud noises and depravity of Ikpoba-Oha and Oluku Rivers in Benin City in the nearest future.

Author(s) Details:

A. E. Adeleke,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

S. A. Adegbite,
Department of Chemical Science, Joseph Ayo-Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria and Kansas State University, USA.

A. P. Onifade,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

A. A. Sangoremi,
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

A. A. Adegbite,
Department of Basic Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V1/article/view/10242

Biological Treatment of Dyes Using Immobilized Microbes, Toxicity Studies and Analytical Techniques: An Overview | Book Publisher International

 Dyeing industry effluents pose a significant hazard to long-term environmental development. Treatment and disposal of complex dyes provide a number of issues. Researchers have been drawn to sustainable techniques for bioremediation of xenobiotics in general, and dyes in particular, because of their safety. The biologically treated samples, on the other hand, pose disposal issues due to their large quantity and potential for ecotoxicity. Furthermore, determining the ecotoxicity of degraded metabolites of complex dyes is necessary for safe disposal. This monograph gives an overview of dye effluent biological treatment processes as well as the analytical techniques needed to assure that degraded metabolites are non-toxic.

Author(s) Details

Birmole Radhika
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

K. Aruna
Department of Microbiology, Wilson College, Mumbai 400007, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/BTDUIMTSATO/article/view/5656

Assessment of Groundwater Pollution in Erode City (North), Tamil Nadu, India| Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 Water is a crucial essential for life to exist on the planet. Water has long been a source of life for humans, and all organisms require it to survive. The city of North Erode in TamilNadu is the focus of our investigation. Many dyeing, chemical, and tannery industries surround Erode to the north. These companies damage groundwater sources by releasing their effluents directly into them. Due to waste disposal by tannery enterprises, dyeing units, and paper mills located near the river basin, the groundwater is severely polluted. We did a systematic investigation as part of our research.  The water quality was analyzed using quality criteria such as temperature, pH, EC, chlorides, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, and total dissolved solids in 20 ground water samples taken in the eroding zone. COD, DO, and suspended solids The results of a few samples were found to be extremely polluted due to the effects of dyeing businesses, tanneries, and chemical industries. As a result, maintaining the quality of ground water in this area is essential for long-term sustainability.

Author (s) Details

T. Pradeep
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode 638060, India.

V. Sampathkumar
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode 638060, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V1/article/view/1334

Monitoring and Assessment of Pollution-Induced Dissolved Oxygen Variation in River Challawa | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 8

 The indiscriminate dumping into the river of waste water and urban sewage may have a detrimental effect on the health of aquatic life. The goal of the study is to investigate the impact of industrial effluent on the water quality of the Challawa River. Chemical analyses of river water samples collected at predetermined sampling points along a stretch of 10,644 km were carried out and ANOVA and regression analyses were carried out. The results obtained indicated that the DO values ranged from 2,4 mg/l to 1,9 mg/l, while the BOD5 values ranged from 443 mg/l to 1654 mg/l; the COD values ranged from 1296 mg/l to 4565 mg/l. For the River Challawa, the self-purification factor (f) ranges between 0.40 per day and 0.56 per day, putting the river as a highly polluted stream in the slow stream group. Results showed that the integration of the variability of k₂ in the determination of the oxygen sag equation predicted values closer to the measured values than when it was ignored.The predictions suggested substantial relationship with the observed values at 95 percent level of significance.

Author(s) Details

Dr. T. A. Adedokun
Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria.

J. C. Agunwamba
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/342