The Use of Cadmium in Industrial Segments Leaves a Trail of Contaminations | Book Publisher International

The objectives of this book are to associate the possible contaminations of cadmium in the various industrial segments involving science, technology, and the environment. The major sources of cadmium can be by-products of the mining, smelting, and refining of zinc sulfide (ZnS) ores and, to a lesser extent, lead sulfide (PbS) and copper sulfide (Cu2S, CuS, CuFeS2) ores. Cadmium minerals (greenockite - CdS) do not occur in sufficient concentrations and quantities to justify it’s their extraction and processing. The element cadmium object of this study was chosen because it is present, directly or indirectly, in several industrial segments and at the same time because it is considered an element extremely toxic, bioaccumulative, and currently occupying the seventh place among the toxic substances with the highest risk of causing harm to humans. In this study, the industrial production of cadmium metal, electrolytic refining, and cadmium metal purity. Nickel-cadmium batteries, the manufacture of cadmium alloys, and pigments, the cadmium electrolytic deposition process, and the various types of effluent treatment processes containing cadmium ions (Cd2+) are discussed. The literature highlights in the 1910s, in Japan, in the rice paddies on the borders of the Jintsu River, the protests of farmers due to cadmium contamination from lead and zinc mining. It is important to highlight the possible diseases contracted by man when associated with the enormous toxicity of cadmium in its various forms. In addition, the laboratory experiments are presented to show how the identification of the element cadmium was conducted in the past, the galvanic series of cadmium, contaminations during welding of silver-cadmium alloys, and the deposition of cadmium in carbon steel. Finally, the conclusions are focused on the critical view of the use of cadmium in several industrial segments and its toxicity.

 

Author (s) Details

Fernando B. Mainier
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Renata Jogaib Mainier
Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Marco Antônio Martins de Oliveira
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Lisiane Heinen Fernandes
Agência Reguladora de Serviços Públicos do Estado de São Paulo (ARSESP), SP, Brazil.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-41-4

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are repeatedly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural bankruptcies in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the kind of gravels ranging in diameter from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of addition, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, processions and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of postponed floors, retaining obstruction, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are commonly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural declines in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the character of gravels ranging in magnitude from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of growth, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, lines and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of pensile floors, retaining divider, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032