Characteristics of Self-compacting Concrete Incorporating Palm Kernel Shell Ash with Variations in Superplasticiser Content | Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 11

 

The low water-to-cement ratio in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) aims to increase the compressive strength of concrete, but the lower amount of water results in lower workability. Thus, it is necessary to use chemical additives of superplasticiser (SP). SP improves workability while maintaining the specified water-to-cement ratio. This study aims to determine the characteristics of SCC incorporating palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) with varying SP content. The SP content in SCC was 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of the concrete total mass. The PKSA was 0% and 10% of the total binder mass, and the water to cement ratio was 0.35. The SCC was designed as a C30 class. Some tests of fresh and hardened SCC produced characteristic data that included flowability, viscosity, passing ability, density, and compressive strength. Fresh concrete tests were the slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests. There were six SCC mixtures, each with five hardened cylindrical samples for density and compressive strength tests. The addition of SP content increased the flow distribution diameter, decreased viscosity, and increased passing ability. PKSA, as a partial replacement for cement, reduced the density of SCC and increased the compressive strength, but not significantly. The highest compressive strength was obtained in SCC with 10% PKSA and 1.5% SP of 34.75 MPa at the age of 28 days. The use of SP by more than 1.5% increased workability but reduced the compressive strength of SCC by inhibiting the binding process.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Siti Aisyah Nurjannah
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang-Prabumulih St, KM 32 Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

 

Sutanto Muliawan
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang-Prabumulih St, KM 32 Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

 

Yolinda Martius
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang-Prabumulih St, KM 32 Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v11/6533

Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete Made with Crushed Sand and Admixtures | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 5

 

Carbonation is a natural ageing process that occurs in all types of concrete. Carbonation impacts the durability of concrete, involving a reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with cement hydration products to reduce the pH of the concrete pore solution from around 12 to less than 9. A key implication of carbonation is the acceleration of steel corrosion caused by the phenomenon of depassivation. The goal of this research is to investigate the carbonation of quarry sand-based concrete. The concrete is made of 100% crushed sand 0/6.3, gravel 8/16, and 15/25 from the Arab Contractor quarry in Nomayos, Cameroon, with CEM II B-P 42.5 R from CIMENCAM (Cimenteries du Cameroun). The study employed two admixtures: one with a dual superplasticizing and reducing action (Sikamen) and another with a water-repellent effect (Sika liquid). The Dreux-Gorisse method was applied for mix design. Carbonation was performed on concrete samples at the following dates: 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90, 180 days, one year, one year and six months. Carbonated concrete (CC) and non-carbonated concrete (NCC) samples are compared firstly in terms of their physical attributes and mineralogical characteristics, secondly in microstructure terms, aspect as X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation. The results of this investigation reveal that after more than a year and six months of carbonation, porosity decreases and permeability increases. The microstructure becomes firmer and more resistant to hostile treatments. Despite the high fineness modulus of quarry sand, the compressive strength of quarry sand-based concrete is satisfactory. Carbonation depth is relatively high on some dates, exceeding the minimal cover value for concrete reinforcement. A reduction in water and pore space causes mass loss, which leads to an increase in elastic deformation. Sikament additive increases concrete compactness and durability while decreasing permeability. Sika water repellent mixes with the lime in cement to generate complementary crystallisations that block the mortar's capillaries, making it watertight.

 

Author(s) Details

Jacques Herve Koung à Bediang
Laboratory of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Emmanuel Elat Assoua Moukete
Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, CY Cergy Paris University, Paris, France.

 

Paul Djomou Djonga
Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon.

 

Michel Mbessa
Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v5/5000

Determining the Effects of Water Sources on Concrete Properties | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 6

This study investigates the effects of water sources on concrete properties. Water alone as a factor comes with impurities that may interfere with the setting of the cement paste and adversely affect the strength of the concrete. Some solvents in water also cause staining on the surface of the concrete as well as lead to corrosion of the reinforcements embedded in the concrete and thereby render the building structure susceptible to decay or eventual failure. A mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with 0.5w/c was used in mixing the concrete. Water from the Stream, the hand-dug well, and the borehole were used for the experiments with pipe-borne water serving as the control. Cubes and beams were cast and tested for compression and flexural strengths respectively at 7-day and 28-day curing ages. The chemical and physical properties of the water samples were also tested. The results indicate that the chemical impurities of all the water types were within the limits given in GS 175-1:2009, EN 1008, ASTM C94, and AS 1379. Notwithstanding the fact that the required physical specifications for all the specimens were satisfactory, the specimens mixed with stream water however, were seen to be yellowish and this can be attributed to the quality of the stream water, The water sources had no significant effect on the workability of concrete.  Except for specimens obtained from the stream water effects of efflorescence were not observed on hardened concrete specimens obtained from the water sources. Concrete Specimens mixed with water from the hand-dug well had the highest compressive strength. Flexural strengths gained from mixing concrete with the use of water from alternative sources should compete with values obtained when potable water is used. Although these Water samples that were studied did not attain the maximum parameters in terms of specifications for water fit for drinking as well as for mixing concrete, they, with the exception of samples from the stream water, did not show any signs of staining nor efflorescence.

 

Author (s) Details

Wisdom D. Adzraku
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Peter P. Yalley
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Kennedy Appiadu-Boakye
Presby College of Education, Akuapem, Akropong, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v6/1911

Estimating the Shear Strength of Binary Blended Concrete Incorporated with Hydrated Lime via Artificial Intelligence Technique | Chapter 6 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 1

This analytical study examined the shear strength of blended Portland cement concrete with hydrated lime (HL) added as an additive. For a variety of mix ratios, 120 shear strength values were empirically acquired at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The ingredients of this concrete were water, portland cement (PC), HL, granite chips (GC), and river sand (RS). 96 of the findings were used to create a Levernberg-Marquardt backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) for measuring the concrete's shear strength. The 24 outcomes that were not employed were utilized to test the forecast's efficacy of the ANN. The six input variables in the model were the proportions of water, curing age, PC, HL, RS, and GC. The measured value of the shear strength was the output variable. One hidden layer comprising 20 neurons was implemented. The highest 28-day shear strength value of 1.257 N/mm2 was recorded when 13.75% of PC was supplanted with HL for a water-to-cement ratio of 0.58. The ANN's performance demonstrated that the model was implemented well enough. The network forecast and experimental values yielded root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.0278 to 0.06536. These are nearly equal to zero. Furthermore, the calculated factor of agreement (IA) was found to be between 0.0475 and 0.1747. These are within the predetermined range of 0 to 1 for varied consistency. R-values for the training, validating, testing and for all data were 0.96978, 0.96303, 0.95739, and 0.96624 accordingly. These were all close to 1 meaning that the model fits very well with the data sets. The most significant average percentage error between the experimental outcomes and the forecasts made by the model was calculated to be 2.5066%. Finally, there is no longer a requirement for experimental laboratory study because the developed ANN can be utilized to forecast the shear strength of hydrated lime cement concrete with convincing accuracy thereby saving time and energy during the concrete mix design process.

 

Author (s) Details

 

C.T.G. Awodiji
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

D.O. Onwuka
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

S. Sule
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v1/2978

Utilization of Waste Materials in Construction Industry | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 6

Presently, population and industries are growing rapidly worldwide and this growth is also generating different waste materials. So, dumping and decomposing of this waste is now a big challenge, and recycling of waste materials has become a critical issue worldwide. Use of waste materials as alternative construction materials is now a global trend undergoing rapidly. Reuse of waste materials of construction industry and recycled materials such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, medical waste ash, silica fume, waste glass powder etc. in the construction field, has been gaining importance because of the shortage of natural resources and various environmental problems caused by storing wastes. Several researchers are using these waste materials in construction industry with three-fold purpose- for utilizing these materials, preserving natural resources and for improving the characteristics of construction materials.

Author(s) Details:

Sanjeev Kumar Verma,
SAM Global University, Bhopal Road, Raisen (M.P.), India.

Hitesh Kodwani,
Department of Civil Engineering, SAM Global University, Bhopal Road, Raisen (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V6/article/view/13375

Evolution of Ettringite and Thaumacite in Cement Stone | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 3

 The processes of hydration and thickening of cement systems are still individual of the urgent questions of modern construction materials science. In particular, this concerns the function of the expansive aspects of ettringite and thaumacite, especially in the late stages of building formation. The trouble lies in the reality that these two phases are isomorphic for each other and can transform into each one throughout the progress of cement stone. Many attempts have existed made by investigators from different nations to explain the type and mechanism of action of these fundamental neoplasms. In the course of numerous studies, it has happened found that under sure conditions in the vicinity of iron compounds and other polyvalent metals, ettringite does not cause hurtful phenomena in cement grain even in the late stages of hardening. In the presence of plasticizers, hydrogen and carbamide solutions play a certain role. However, distinctive attention command a price of to the processes of carbonation, sulfate and carbon dioxide disintegration and the introduction of carbonate supplements, which even in the attendance of two-water gypsum do not lead to the growth of the products of hydration and hydrolysis of cement. Experiments on strained carbonation of cement stone have existed carried out and the beneficial role of carbonate supplements, especially dolomite, the composition of hardening structures and endurance has been proved. The authors propose a science for the care of concrete later thermal liquid treatment by ownership products in an atmosphere of colorless odorless gas. It is shown that even in the demeanor of two-water gypsum secondhand as a cement setting retarder and plasticizer, carbonate supplements in combination accompanying sucrose and urea answers prevent concrete disintegration and increase the durability of cement plans.

Author(s) Details:

V. K. Kozlova,
Department of Building Materials, Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Russia.

A. V. Wolf,
Department of Technology and Mechanization of Construction, Altai State Technical University, Russia.

V. D. Zavadskaya,
Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russia.

S. V. Samchenko,
National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, 129337, Russia.

D. A. Afanasyev,
Director General of NIOST OAO «SIBUR», Tomsk, 634067, Russia.

N. P. Gorlenko,
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, 634003, Russia.

Yu. S. Sarkisov,
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, 634003, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V3/article/view/12598

Studies on Strength, Density & Workability of Recycled Aggregates Concrete (RAC) | Chapter 6 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 8

 In this study, reused coarse aggregates (RCA) came from demolition wastes collected from a dump site in Gaborone, Botswana, were promoted in place of natural rude aggregates to make concrete. Construction waste is some type of rubbish produce during the construction process. Various administration agencies have sure definitions. CD waste is created during the building, remodeling, perpetuation, and destruction of dwellings, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers, and dams. In a premature study, an in-depth and all-encompassing analysis of prior research into the evaluation of the strength of factual integrating aggregates from destroyed wastes was conducted, and it was concluded that skilled was a stark dearth of results from the South African substitute-continent, including Botswana. With reference to the unaffected coarse aggregate, RCA substitute levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were utilized and the results of hardened actual tests for compressive and flexural strengths were got. The compressive and flexural strengths of reused aggregate concrete (RAC) were observed to decline accompanying increasing substitute levels of natural rude aggregates using RCA. It was determined that RCA commit only be used as a biased replacement for natural aggregate in factual up to a particularized limit. It was also found that the unfavorable qualities of RCA were generally caused for one quantity and quality of the fastening mortar.

Author(s) Details:

Mmasetlhomo Tommy Gumede,
Norvels (Pty) Ltd T/A Engineers International, G. West Industrial, Gaborone, Botswana.

Shodolapo Oluyemi Franklin,
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V8/article/view/11954

Tensile and Flexural Characterization of Bamboo and Rattan as Alternative Reinforcing Bars to Conventional Steel in Concrete | Chapter 4 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 8

 The realistic utilization of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and rattan (Calamuc deerratus) as alternative for the common deformed brace reinforcement in concrete is essential for incidental, social and business-related sustainability. For this reason, a systematic exploratory study of the tensile possessions of bamboo and rattan as well as the flexural behaviour of concrete beams supported with these alternative fabrics in comparison accompanying the conventional brace bars was conducted and presented in this place chapter. A worldwide testing supplies was used to assess the yield substance (YS), ultimate stiffness (UTS), and elongation of 50 specimens of the three matters. Three beams of concrete substance 20 N/mm2 were reinforced separately at age 28 days with the unchanging amount of bamboo, rattan, and steel bars, while the stirrups were largely temperate steel bars. To resolve the flexural behavior, the beams were bear hardship BS 1881 centre-point flexural loading. Bamboo, rattan, and fortify bars had mean YS of 201.1 N/mm2, 58.5 N/mm2, and 442.7 N/mm2, respectively, while their UTS were 335.2 N/mm2, 85.4 N/mm2, and 540.1 N/mm2, in that order. The mean extension of bamboo, rattan and steel were 7.42, 10 and 14.7% individually. The load-deflection plots of bamboo and gird RC beams were quadratic, while rattan RC beams had curved trend. The flexural inflexibility of bamboo RC beams (BB) and rattan RC beams (RB) were 32 and 13.5% of the stiffness of steel RC beams (SB). The post-advantage of early start residual flexural substance was 41% for BB and SB, while RB was 25%. Moreover, the moment competencies of BB and RB corresponded to 51 and 21% individually of the capacity of steel RC beams. The important difference in flexural ability between organic rebars and steel maybe attributed not only to tensile strength, but still to inadequate interfacial sticking between bars and actual. It can be decided that bamboo bars are ideal rebars for non-load bearing and lightweight RC flexural constructions, but rattan demands additional pre-toughening treatment for raised interfacial bonding and load-accomplishing capability.

Author(s) Details:

Adekunle P. Adewuyi,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V8/article/view/11952

Assessment of Behaviour of M-Sand Concrete by Addition of Different Types of Steel Fibers: An Update | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 This stage assesses the behaviour of M-Sand Concrete by Addition of Different Types of Steel Fibers. Concrete being a worldwide material in the construction manufacturing is being a research material as an alternative and effective individual is being aimed upon and surplus of experimentation is limitless. The material such as M-Sand and Steel Fiber leads to important variation in strength limits of concrete. The objective search out achieve necessary charactertics such as substance, durability and workability in an careful manner. The use of made sand a suggestion of choice to natural soil in the production of concrete results in cost funds and an improvement in substance metrics. Concrete gains substance as a result of the use of miscellaneous steel fibre kinds, containing crimped steel fibres. In this paper stating beliefs M-Sand is replaced by Natural Sand entirely along with various proportion of crimpled steel fibers that is 0.00%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.50%, & 2.00% as different oppose nominal rude aggregate and OPC 43 grade of cement. The research works shows that crimped fortify fiber at 1.50% the compressive strength of actual increases because of the increase in crimped gird fiber on account of which relation between void are discounted.The concrete prepared will be of M25 grade hardened by adopting IS code arrangement. With varying portion of steel fibre apart from M-Sand the proportion have varying substance. It has been decided that the concrete qualified by using M-Sand as substitute of fine aggregate gives uniform workability throughout the join.

Author(s) Details:

P. K. Reddy,
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharnbasva University, Kalaburgi, India.

S. K. Md. Azam,
Department of Civil Engineering, Khaja Bandanawaz College of Engineering, Kalaburgi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11342

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are repeatedly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural bankruptcies in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the kind of gravels ranging in diameter from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of addition, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, processions and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of postponed floors, retaining obstruction, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are commonly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural declines in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the character of gravels ranging in magnitude from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of growth, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, lines and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of pensile floors, retaining divider, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Corrosion Performance of Steel Embedded in Activated Fly Ash Concrete | Chapter 5 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 Cement actual is the most coarse construction material used in foundation projects because of allure versatility. Fly ash is individual among the usually used not organic admixtures as it is available in large quantities in many underdeveloped countries. The Ministry of Power, Government of India, estimates that 600 million tons of flee ash will stem from thermal power plants by 2031-2032, that is a major concern for the surroundings. The use of fly ash as a construction material is largely contingent upon its not organic structure and pozzalonic property. Different plans of activation can help these two properties of flee ash. This paper focuses on the chemical incitement of fly ruins with CaO and Na2SiO3, and the corrosion potential of chemically triggered fly ruins concrete against consuming environments is demonstrated by acid opposition tests, impressed power studies, and permeability studies.

Author(s) Details:

Sunilaa George,
Department of Civil Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641105, India.

R. Thenmozhi,
Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013, India.

P. N. Magudeswaran,
Hindhusthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641 008, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V9/article/view/9987

Elicitation of Tuberose Concrete, Deliberation of Recovery and Qualitative Examination from Agave amica L. cv Arka Prajwal: A Recent Study | Chapter 8 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 

 The objective of the study was to ascertain the concrete and flower yields of Agave amica L. The several treatments were applied for the study, and the actual recovery rate was compared to both the control, which did not use intercropping, and to all of the treatments that used marigold as an intercrop. According to legend, the alkaloid lycorine, which causes vomiting, is present in tuberose bulbs. They are believed to have diuretic and emetic properties. This study aims to assess the flower quality harvested as a result of tuberose and marigold intercropping. Hexane was used as the solvent to extract the flowers. Treatment T1 recovered the most concrete in the first and second years (0.171% and 0.157%), followed by T2 (0.1671% and 0.145%), while T6 recovered the least concrete (0.104 percent and 0.103 percent). The T1 therapy's shelf life (5.53 days) revealed the greatest number of days, while the T6 treatment found the smallest number of days (4.63 days). The tuberose vase life of T1 was the greatest (6.92 days), while T6 was the shortest (5.41 days). The found chemicals have biological relevance that may be used in pharmacological applications and serve as an inhibitor, solvent, defence compound, and phytocompound.

Author(s) Details:

J. Lydia,
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

B. Muralidharan,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

M. Kannan,
MIT College of Agriculture and Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V10/article/view/7721

Determining Residual Service Life of Concrete Structures Based on Experimental Data | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 

For the purpose of assessing the current condition of RC structures, a ten point (0-9) condition rating system is established based on the values of concrete cover, carbonation depth, and chloride content at rebar depth discovered through in-situ tests. Proposed condition ratings have been related to priorities for upkeep, examination, and replacement. A model (Figure 1) similar to Tutti's model (1982) has been constructed and provided in this study to predict the remaining service life of a decaying structure by evaluating the existing condition of RC structures.

Author(s) Details:

Sanjeev Kumar Verma,
School of Engineering and Technology, SAGE University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Sudhir Singh Bhadauria,
University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Saleem Akhtar,
Department of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V6/article/view/7606

Hydrophobic Coating Based on Modified Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Atactic Polypropylene| Chapter 5 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 1

Polyethylene and polypropylene manufacture produce low molecular weight polyethylene and atactic polypropylene, which are multi-tonnage by-products. One of the most essential environmental problems is to solve the problem of their practical application or disposal. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical rationale and recommendations for the practical application of low-molecular-weight polyethylene and atactic polypropylene in the field of moisture protection for various materials. The findings of research into chemical compounds based on modified low-molecular-weight polyethylene and atactic polypropylene for use as hydrophobic and anticorrosive protection for wood, concrete, and steel are reported. Thermal oxidation was used to change the properties of polymers. Water absorption indicators, wetting edge angles, and adhesive strength values of the protective polymer layer to the surface of the samples were all determined. The preliminary development of the texture by applying a pattern to the surface or treating it with low-temperature plasma, followed by the application of a protective coating, is proven to increase the hydrophobic qualities of the suggested compositions using the example of wood. It is suggested a kinetic equation for moisture diffusion in the volume of a capillary-porous wood structure. X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy were used to highlight the structural properties of changed polymer compositions. It is proposed that the investigated compositions be used as water-repellent agents to protect various materials and goods based on them from moisture and environmental corrosive effects.

Author(s) Details:

N. N. Debelova,
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, 634003, Russia.

N. P. Gorlenko,
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, 634003, Russia.

Yu. S. Sarkisov,
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Tomsk, 634003, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V1/article/view/6763

Application of Mollusc Seashell as Aggregate in Concrete | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 Recycling waste materials in cement-based products has been the subject of recent studies on sustainable construction. Large quantities of mollusk seashells are frequently discarded as rubbish along beaches or in landfills, bringing health and environmental problems including as pollution and vector breeding. Mollusc seashell waste is managed by recycling the seashell as a partial or complete replacement for natural aggregate in concrete. Cockle, mussel, oyster, periwinkle, and scallop shells have been utilised as coarse and fine aggregate replacements in concrete. The calcium carbonate content of mollusc seashells is similar to that of limestone-type rocks. Although mollusk seashells contain chlorides, sulphates, and harmful organic materials, their contents can be reduced by washing and boiling. The qualities of mollusc seashell concrete, as well as the treatment, preparation, and features of mollusk seashells, are covered in this chapter. The existing state, limitations, and future potential of mollusk seashell in sustainable concrete building are also discussed. Concrete's workability, density, and strength qualities all diminish as more seashells are replaced. Crushed seashell can be used as a partial fine aggregate in concrete up to 20% without compromising the density or strength of the concrete. As a result, mollusk seashells can be utilised as a secondary aggregate in concrete, especially in areas where large quantities of seashells are available.

Author(S) Details

Uchechi G. Eziefula
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Nigeria.

David O. Onwuka
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Hyginus E. Opara
Department of Civil Engineering, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V3/article/view/4757

Study on Utilization of Prosopis juliflora Root Powder as a Self Curing Agent | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Curing is a crucial step in increasing the strength of concrete. A self-curing agent's function is to conserve water and reduce water evaporation from concrete, hence increasing the water retention capacity of concrete when compared to conventionally cured concrete. In this study, Prosopis juliflora root powder is utilised as an additive for self-curing concrete. Due to its mechanism for overcoming harsh situations such as drought and salt, Prosopis juliflora (Seemai Karuvelam in Tamil) grows rapidly and spreads. It can draw water from deeper strata thanks to its deep penetrating roots. Because its root can hold a lot of water, powder formed from it can be used as an additive in self-curing concrete. The experimental analysis of the self-curing property of concrete using Prosopis juliflora root powder is the focus of this work. The tests were carried out on both fresh and hardened concrete. Based on the findings, we concluded that by including Prosopis juliflora root powder as a self-curing agent in the concrete mix at various percentages, the addition of 0.75 percent Prosopis juliflora root powder by the weight of cement achieves the 28-day compressive strength of conventional M25 grade concrete in just seven days. Concrete's compressive strength is reduced by adding more Prosopis juliflora root powder.

 

Author (S) Details

S. Karthikeyan
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

V. Pradeesh
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

D. Prabakaran
Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3998

Bamboo Reinforced Panels for Fence Walls | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 11

 The building industry uses a lot of steel and emits a lot of carbon, which contributes to global warming and makes it difficult to grow sustainably all over the world. Bamboo has been used as a reinforcement material in a few nations (e.g., Indonesia, China, Malaysia, and India) but only on a small scale. When compared to traditional fence barriers created using materials such as stone, brick, or barbed wire, precast steel reinforced concrete (SRC) panels are currently in high demand due to time savings and simple craftsmanship. Due to increased demand, the preparation of SRC panels has become a cottage business. These panels, on the other hand, are made without regard for any specifications or norms. The goal of this project is to look at how bamboo may be used to build fence walls instead of steel. The M20 mix was used to make thirty (30) bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) slabs with dimensions of 1000 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm (length: height: thickness). With a pretreatment of coal tar creosote, fifteen (15) slabs were cast with I bambusa balcooa and (ii) bambusa polymorpha species as reinforcement. The slabs were tested with an ultrasonic instrument to determine the quality of the concrete and a universal testing equipment to determine the load versus deflection characteristics. These tests were replicated on precast SRC panels obtained from a local manufacturing unit as a comparison study. The test findings show that the concrete quality in BRC slabs is superior to that of SRC slabs. The load taken by BRC slabs with any kind of species at failure was approximately half that of SRC slabs at failure. The deflection, as well as the fracture width connected with it, followed the same pattern. In compared to SRC panels, BRC slabs are 30 to 35 percent less expensive, according to the cost analysis. As a result, it is advised that BRC slabs be used to construct fence walls and barns, resulting in benefits such as environmental sustainability, increased bamboo species cultivation, and increased rural employment.

Author (S) Details

S. Suppiah
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur – 613 403. Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V11/article/view/2452

Investigating Projectile Penetration of Concrete Blocks Reinforced by Different Material | Book Publisher International

 This paper gives an overview of the many materials that can be used to reinforce concrete blocks. The current state of knowledge in processing, characterisation, and the most important features of the employed materials is described, with a focus on defining fundamental structure/property identification. In this review article, the various ways for performing projectile penetration have been discussed.

Author(s) Details

Mohamed Yassin Ibrahim Laissy
Structural Engineering, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IPPCBRDM/article/view/2361

Investigating the Effects of Variability in Pozzolanic Properties of Rice Husk Ash on Compressive Strength of Concrete | Chapter 4 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

 Rice husk ash (RHA) is an agro waste and a natural pozzolana that is silica-rich and globally found in abundance. This thesis examined the RHA pozzolanic properties from seven different sources in Nigeria (Ogoja, Abakaliki, Adani, Adikpo, Obubra, Makurdi and Vandikya). The elementary chemical composition of this natural pozzolan is found to differ depending on its location. Samples from Ogoja, followed by Abakaliki, Adani, Adikpo, Obubra, Makurdi and Vandikya, were identified to have the highest pozzolanic properties. Their silica content was found to be 84.55%, 76.3%, 70.12%, 70.11%, 64.67 percent, 55.55 percent, and 48.4 percent respectively. As partial substitutes for ordinary Portland cement, four of the seven samples with the highest pozzolanic values were used at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 percent replacement levels. The concrete mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 was adopted and the compressive strength values were found to be in the range of 37-42N/mm2 at 5% RHA, 35-39.5N/mm2 at 10% RHA, 30-34.5N/mm2 at 28 days at 5% RHA, 35-39.5N/mm2 at 10% RHA, 30-34.5N/mm2 Compared to the monitored sample, with a strength value of 15 percent RHA, 27-29N/mm2 at 20 percent RHA, 22-25.6N/mm2 at 25 percent RHA and 21-24N/mm2 at 30 percent RHA   42.64N/mm2. Approx.

Author (s) Details

Dr. G. A. Akeke
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

D. E. Ewa
Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

F. O. Okafor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/330