Determining the Effects of Water Sources on Concrete Properties | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 6

This study investigates the effects of water sources on concrete properties. Water alone as a factor comes with impurities that may interfere with the setting of the cement paste and adversely affect the strength of the concrete. Some solvents in water also cause staining on the surface of the concrete as well as lead to corrosion of the reinforcements embedded in the concrete and thereby render the building structure susceptible to decay or eventual failure. A mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 with 0.5w/c was used in mixing the concrete. Water from the Stream, the hand-dug well, and the borehole were used for the experiments with pipe-borne water serving as the control. Cubes and beams were cast and tested for compression and flexural strengths respectively at 7-day and 28-day curing ages. The chemical and physical properties of the water samples were also tested. The results indicate that the chemical impurities of all the water types were within the limits given in GS 175-1:2009, EN 1008, ASTM C94, and AS 1379. Notwithstanding the fact that the required physical specifications for all the specimens were satisfactory, the specimens mixed with stream water however, were seen to be yellowish and this can be attributed to the quality of the stream water, The water sources had no significant effect on the workability of concrete.  Except for specimens obtained from the stream water effects of efflorescence were not observed on hardened concrete specimens obtained from the water sources. Concrete Specimens mixed with water from the hand-dug well had the highest compressive strength. Flexural strengths gained from mixing concrete with the use of water from alternative sources should compete with values obtained when potable water is used. Although these Water samples that were studied did not attain the maximum parameters in terms of specifications for water fit for drinking as well as for mixing concrete, they, with the exception of samples from the stream water, did not show any signs of staining nor efflorescence.

 

Author (s) Details

Wisdom D. Adzraku
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Peter P. Yalley
College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.

 

Kennedy Appiadu-Boakye
Presby College of Education, Akuapem, Akropong, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v6/1911

Strength and Fatigue of Natural and Artificial Materials | Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 3

 The understanding of the strength of the composite fabrics under different outside loads as well as the questions of the accumulation of defects with the understanding of large deformations of the material in the continuous and liquid states, which eventually bring about the destruction of the material, are deliberate. It is proposed that the ghost of liquid sap in the tree decides its extreme fatigue strength.

Author(s) Details:

Al. Al. Berlin,
Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V3/article/view/12596

Studies on Strength, Density & Workability of Recycled Aggregates Concrete (RAC) | Chapter 6 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 8

 In this study, reused coarse aggregates (RCA) came from demolition wastes collected from a dump site in Gaborone, Botswana, were promoted in place of natural rude aggregates to make concrete. Construction waste is some type of rubbish produce during the construction process. Various administration agencies have sure definitions. CD waste is created during the building, remodeling, perpetuation, and destruction of dwellings, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers, and dams. In a premature study, an in-depth and all-encompassing analysis of prior research into the evaluation of the strength of factual integrating aggregates from destroyed wastes was conducted, and it was concluded that skilled was a stark dearth of results from the South African substitute-continent, including Botswana. With reference to the unaffected coarse aggregate, RCA substitute levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were utilized and the results of hardened actual tests for compressive and flexural strengths were got. The compressive and flexural strengths of reused aggregate concrete (RAC) were observed to decline accompanying increasing substitute levels of natural rude aggregates using RCA. It was determined that RCA commit only be used as a biased replacement for natural aggregate in factual up to a particularized limit. It was also found that the unfavorable qualities of RCA were generally caused for one quantity and quality of the fastening mortar.

Author(s) Details:

Mmasetlhomo Tommy Gumede,
Norvels (Pty) Ltd T/A Engineers International, G. West Industrial, Gaborone, Botswana.

Shodolapo Oluyemi Franklin,
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V8/article/view/11954

Time-Dependent Cox Regression Analysis of Rock Salt | Chapter 7 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 The main objective concerning this study is to analyse and anticipate the potential risk of rock salt damage using the Cox equivalent hazard model. Analysed according to the belief of continuous mechanism medium rock massif is a natural environment troublesome to know, so the forecasts refer to its behaviour are approximate and changeable. Such an assertion enhances a certitude, even developing from reality; results of the four fundamental features of mountain system are multiple and include really troublesome issues in mining field and mainly, in the constructions field. The concept and the habit to assess the stability of secret construction includes understanding its phenomenological development and doubtless the personality of rocks behaviour in massif. Most of moment of truth, the analysis of the behaviour of the rocks and the chance of their breaking requires concern of the simultaneous belongings of several determinants. Rocks behave otherwise over time, and in any position, there is a feasibility that the break will manifest itself. Many times, we do not have complete information for the study of the resistance period of the rocks. To carry out aforementioned an analysis, we projected the use of a regressive means, that is, the Cox equivalent hazard model. By applying the Cox model or equivalent hazard regression, we have the feasibility of predicting the relative risk (potential risk) of the incident of rock breakage based on various variables. Risk (hazard) can have a different alternative, either in the sense that it can increase in time or possibly decrease; if over time skilled is no variable or determinant that determines an progress towards breaking the rock, then the risk of breaking is lower. Based on the standard scheme of rocks behaviour habit to failure, we are intend a statistical reasoning method of results acquired by laboratory tests using Cox reversion. This method offer the chance to provide quantitatively and qualitatively moment of truth when the breakage happens. The method allows us to establish the link betwixt a certain determinant through which maybe forecasted rock breakage and the talent to resist; the design can be grown and applied massif scale and again in the stability study of underground everything.

Author(s) Details:

Mihaela Toderas,
University of Petrosani, Petrosani-332006, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V2/article/view/11930

Application of the Theory of Bending for Elastic-plastic Calculation of the Cabin Carcass of the Tractor | Chapter 7 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 4

 In this stage, a design method for the framework of the worm's cabin's bending importance and curvature in a flexible zone is presented. The projected technique procedure of the turning moment and curvature in a flexible zone linked with the established procedures of calculating an elastic district allow with count deformity of the framework design with able accuracy for the foundation of the tractor cabins.

Author(s) Details:

Khakimzyanov Ruslan,
Department Automotive and Manufacturing Engineering”, Tashkent State Transport University, St. Temiryulchilar, Tashkent-100167, Uzbekistan.

Shoikromov Shotemur,
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent-100060, Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V4/article/view/10591

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are repeatedly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural bankruptcies in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the kind of gravels ranging in diameter from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of addition, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, processions and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of postponed floors, retaining obstruction, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are commonly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural declines in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the character of gravels ranging in magnitude from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of growth, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, lines and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of pensile floors, retaining divider, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Limpet Teeth as Bio Fillers in Dental Composite Resin| Chapter 5 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

 The Extreme machinelike features proved by invertebrate radula maybe used as a biofiller to advance the machinelike possessions of composite sticky substance. The aim of the research search out evolve and resolve the machinelike characteristics of a silanized explosive matter on the ground radula as a biofiller in an experimental composite sticky substance. The objective search out equate the compressive, pliable and flexural substance of the exploratory composite sticky substance accompanying biofiller and the Universal Hybrid Composite sticky substance. Littoraria scabra species have existed picked and the language-like radula was elicited from the buccal bulk under an ocular microscope. Based on prior research, an exploratory dental composite sticky substance with 2.5% radula as silanized biofiller was generated, and SEM study was acted to prove the stuffing study of plants. The samples were willing similarly ISO 4049, and 15 samples each group were carelessly subdivided into three subgroups to assess compressive, pliable, and flexural substance. The Shapiro-Wilk and liberated t-tests were secondhand for mathematical reasoning. The exploratory composite sticky substance accompanying the bio-stuffing had approximately extreme compressive, pliable, and flexural substance when distinguished to entire composite composite sticky substance. Within the purview of the study, it is feasible in the end that the adding of 2.5% silanized explosive matter on the ground radula as a biofiller in the exploratory composite sticky substance enhances machinelike characteristics over the Universal Hybrid Composite.

Author(s) Details:

D. Sihivahanan,
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India.

V. Vidyashree Nandini,
Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India.

K. Vijay Venkatesh,
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V8/article/view/9339

Influence of Additives on the Structure and Properties of Gypsum-Cement-Pozzolanic Binder | Chapter 01| Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 Gypsum binders aren't known for their strength or water resistance. This precludes the usage of these binders in high-humidity environments. The range of gypsum binders for constructing dry building mixes and structural parts of low-rise buildings can be expanded by changing the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binders. The study's goal was to create a long-lasting, water-resistant gypsum binder. The results of the research demonstrate that in the presence of functional additives, the nature of hydration neoplasm crystallisation changes, resulting in a change in the characteristics of the cured binder. It was feasible to build strong, water-resistant gypsum binders by studying the effects of individual and complex additions on the characteristics of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder.

Author(S) Details

Ekaterina Potapova
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Russian Federation.

Aung Kyaw Nyein
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Russian Federation.

Elena Tsvetkova
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Russian Federation.

Hans-Betram Fischer
Bauhaus Universität Weimar, Germany.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V5/article/view/6862

Study of the Stress-strain State of Frame Structures of Tractor Trailers | Chapter 11 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 In the article, an example of a tractor trailer with a load-carrying capacity of 4 tonnes is used to demonstrate how to determine the stress-strain state of the trailer frame. The outcomes of theoretical and experimental researches are compared. The deviations of maximum values of stress when driving on a road with a satisfactory tar coating are within 4%, 10% on gravel roads with worn areas, 11% on a rotary strip with ridges in height of 8-12 cm and step of 90 cm, and 9% on a deep ditch depth of 40-45 cm and width of 100-150 cm, according to research. The calculations take into account the cotton-producing countries' unique road conditions, which are divided into four groups. The proposed approach of calculating the stress-strain condition of the frame agrees well with actual data (highest stress values in the range of 11 percent) and can be used to justify tractor-trailer strength specifications.

Author (S) Details

Anvar A. Togaev
Department Technological Reliability of Machines, Technological Reliability of Machines, Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Abdulaziz A. Shermukhamedov
Department Technological Reliability of Machines, Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V1/article/view/3988

The Use of Statistical Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Finishing of Building Products and Construction | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 The goal of this project is to create guidelines for ensuring the quality of paints and varnishes used in construction products and structures. The utilisation of statistical methods for managing product quality when painting construction products and structures is discussed. The quality of the finish is demonstrated to be dependent on the method of applying the paint as well as the porosity of the cement substrate. The issue of paint and varnish coating qualities safety during storage and operation is serious and important. The minimal roughness value of the coating surface and the minimum value of the risk are common in the event of applying paints to the putty surface, independent of the technique of application, for coatings based on all types of paints. The adoption of the kaizen approach to the renewal of staining technology, based on continuous improvement of activities and providing for the use of statistical methods for managing product quality, is offered to organisations and enterprises engaged in the execution of finishing works. The effect of the quality of a coating's look on the coating's lifetime is discussed. It has been demonstrated that coatings with a high roughness index have poor exploitation durability. A model of the cohesive strength of coatings based on surface roughness is presented.

Author (S) Details

V. I. Loganina
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Department 'Quality Management and Technology of Construction Production, Penza, Russia.

T. V. Uchaeva
Department of 'Economics, Organization and Production Management', University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2906

Model of Fracture, Friction and Wear Processes of Heterogeneous Iron | Chapter 1 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 Pore volume, fracture character, contaminants, alloying, concentration inhomogeneity, friction conditions, and other factors all have an impact on the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of powdered materials. Pores also have an impact on the speed of diffusion processes and the reduction of undercooled austenite.anti-resistance To explore porous iron characteristics, ultrapure iron that has been annealed in hydrogen was employed. a powder Porosity has a nonmonotonic effect on toughness fracture and tribotechnical characteristics.Unlike all other known dependencies derived from technical iron powders. The results of research have been revealed. The fact that the average dimension of porous changes during the process of porosity reduction by pressing and annealing cycles. Models of friction, wear, and fracture of pure porous iron were produced based on the examination of porous structure.

Author (s) Details

Dr. A. A. Shatsov
Mechanical Technological Faculty, State National Research Politechnical University of Perm, 29 Komsomolskii Avenue, Perm 614990, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V1/article/view/1333

Assessment and Investigation of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash as a Binding Material for the Construction Industry | Chapter 5 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is a by-product of the sugar industry that is generated when sugarcane bagasse is burned to generate electricity. After all of the sugarcane's economically valuable sugar has been extracted, sugarcane bagasse is made. In factories that produce electricity from sugarcane, disposing of this material is a common environmental problem. Around 61,000 tonnes of SCBA are produced each year by Kakira Sugar Limited (KSL), but only about 30,000 tonnes are used, leaving the rest to be dumped, posing an environmental danger. The aim of this study was to see if bagasse ash could be used as a cement substitute in the construction industry. The concept of using SCBA as a building material has helped the sugarcane processing mills produce more cash flow. Chemical properties of bagasse ash samples obtained from KSL were investigated. The compressive strength of mortars containing ordinary Portland cement and SCBA in proportions of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% as a cement substitute was studied. Three replicates were made and tested, with bagasse ash replacing ordinary Portland cement in the above-mentioned proportions. At a test age of 28 days, the results showed that ordinary Portland cement can be substituted by SCBA up to 20% without affecting the compressive strength of the mortar. These findings indicate that substituting SCBA for cement may result in lower construction costs. As a result, it is safe to substitute cement with sugar cane bagasse ash up to 20% of the time.

Author(s) Details

E. Basika
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Makerere University, P.O.7062 Kampala, Uganda.

J. Kigozi
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Makerere University, P.O.7062 Kampala, Uganda.

N. Kiggundu
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Makerere University, P.O.7062 Kampala, Uganda.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V3/issue/view/53

Performance of Concrete with Fly Ash and Kaolin Inclusion: New Perspectives | Chapter 1 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol.2

The researchers seek for sustainable building materials, with low cost, less green gases emissions,
open wide range of materials replacement to cement in structure applications. Fly ash and kaolin as
calcium and aluminum materials possess pozzolana and cementious properties can be partially
replace cement. In this study Class F fly ash and kaolin were replaced cement in concrete mix.
Material type and mix ratio affects the strength and workability of cement-concrete matrices.
Comparison between fly ash and kaolin-cement showed that kaolin reduced both the strength and
workability of concrete. While the replacement of 10% fly ash with cement improves the
comprehensive strength of concrete in 28 days period, and the workability was increased by 53.8%.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Afaf Ghais
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Duaa Ahmed
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.


Ethar Siddig
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.


Isra Elsadig
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.


Samah Albager
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/230