Effects of Heat Treatment Applied to Wood and Veneers of Various Wood Species | Chapter 5 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 2

Wood is individual of the most important sustainable materials with wonderful physical and machinelike properties. However, its spatial instability due the hygroscopic behavior is individual of the shortcomings of wood and forest products. To enhance specific disadvantage of wood many studies have happened carried out utilizing different modification processes and with them heat treatment is the most aged, the least expensive, and ultimate eco-friendly modification pattern.  In this chapter the effects of heat-situation on the properties of complete wood and veneers from different forest species are evaluated. It proper that the heat treatment can add potential profit on wood material to be secondhand more effectively in further production steps.

Author(s) Details:

Emilia-Adela Salca,
Transilvania University of Brasov, Eroilor 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V2/article/view/11619

Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Parameters of YSZ Layer on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy substrate: A Recent Study | Chapter 06 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 8

 The purpose of this study is to see how different EPD parameters (voltage, duration, and concentration) affect the thickness, porosity, and coating characterizations of a YSZ layer on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate while utilising DC current. To determine the optimal conditions for EPD, the Taguchi method was utilised, and several criteria were applied to deposit biological coatings. Yttria stabilised zirconia powder (YSZ) was electrophoretically coated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate using ethanol as a solvent under DC to improve the alloy surface quality and match the requirements of biological orthopaedic application activity. Ethanol was utilised as a solvent to precipitate chitosan and YSZ on the metal substrate. The surface composition and cross section of coatings have been reported using electrode-enabled cathodic deposition for characterisation. To characterise the surface morphology of the YSZ layer, a variety of tests and inspections were carried out, including zeta potential, water contact angle, XRD, SEM, and optical microscopes. 40 volts, 2 minutes, and 1 g/l suspension at room temperature were the optimal conditions for YSZ layer deposition. The contact angles of the coatings were varied between hydrophilic 67.489C and hydrophobic 35.914 C. With pores ranging in size from 56.601 to 83.505 m, appropriate percentages of porosity were attained.

Author(S) Details

Ayad Naseef Jasim
Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Iraq.

Muna khethier Abbass
Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

Mohammed Jasim
Department of Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

Khawla Salah
Application Science Departments, University of Technology, Iraq.

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Determining the Importance of Polarity Change in the Electrical Discharge Machining | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The polarity change in spark erosion is still a concern, and it is frequently done in an arbitrary or unjustified manner. The removal electrode must be given the polarity indication first. This is often the cathodic workpiece electrode in EDM. The goal of this chapter is to describe the removal circumstances on the anode and cathode, as well as to explain how both electrodes' removal behaviour changes over time. The reversal point of the pulse duration may be established as a result of this, which is significant for the electrode material combination, the process energy source (PES), and the load circumstances. In order to validate the phenomenological models, experimental results with copper, aluminium, and iron are evaluated in combination with the same and various electrode materials. In the second stage, literature references are reviewed with the goal of determining whether or not there has been a polarity shift. The direct polarities are chosen largely to optimise removal while minimising wear. Second, reversal polarities are employed in finishing to achieve reduced surface roughness. A high level of wear must always be accepted in these applications, which account for the vast majority of the literature. The polarity of the PES and/or the load conditions of the PES is almost never mentioned in the literature, which leaves out a crucial aspect in the explanation of the results. The utilisation of electrical discharge in conjunction with other machining methods, such as electrochemical machining, necessitates a polarity change as well (ECM). An further impacting component is the primary removal process.

Author (S) Details

H. P. Schulze
Leukhardt Schaltanlagen Systemtechnik Magdeburg, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V3/article/view/3724567

The Use of Statistical Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Finishing of Building Products and Construction | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 The goal of this project is to create guidelines for ensuring the quality of paints and varnishes used in construction products and structures. The utilisation of statistical methods for managing product quality when painting construction products and structures is discussed. The quality of the finish is demonstrated to be dependent on the method of applying the paint as well as the porosity of the cement substrate. The issue of paint and varnish coating qualities safety during storage and operation is serious and important. The minimal roughness value of the coating surface and the minimum value of the risk are common in the event of applying paints to the putty surface, independent of the technique of application, for coatings based on all types of paints. The adoption of the kaizen approach to the renewal of staining technology, based on continuous improvement of activities and providing for the use of statistical methods for managing product quality, is offered to organisations and enterprises engaged in the execution of finishing works. The effect of the quality of a coating's look on the coating's lifetime is discussed. It has been demonstrated that coatings with a high roughness index have poor exploitation durability. A model of the cohesive strength of coatings based on surface roughness is presented.

Author (S) Details

V. I. Loganina
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Department 'Quality Management and Technology of Construction Production, Penza, Russia.

T. V. Uchaeva
Department of 'Economics, Organization and Production Management', University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2906

Surface Roughness Investigation and Stress Modeling by Finite Element on Orthogonal Cutting of Copper| Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 8

 To study the surface roughness of commercially pure copper, a modern non-contacting optical technique was used in this work. The finite element (FE) technique was applied by simulating the machining process to predict the stress during orthogonal cutting. The experimental work focused primarily on the impact of the cutting speed (N) and the feed rate (f) on copper surface roughness. To evaluate surface variations under different machining conditions, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The mathematical model of Johnson-Cook was adopted and employed to determine the material parameters. In addition, as a function of machining, the maximum Von-Mises stress was projected The circumstances. For the analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) to visualise the outcomes, a software package of code (ABAQUS/CAE) was used. The findings showed an important impact of the interaction of feed rate/cutting speed on surface roughness and copper stress from Von-Mises. By increasing the cutting speed, a 14 percent improvement in surface roughness was observed. A good agreement between the experimental and analytical results was observed. Circumstances. For the study and response surface methodology (RSM) to visualise the findings, a software package of code (ABAQUS/CAE) was used. The results showed a substantial impact on surface roughness and Von-Mises copper stress from the feed rate/cutting speed interaction. By increasing the cutting speed, a 14% increase in surface roughness was perceived. A strong agreement between experimental and analytical findings has been observed. The terms. For the analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) to visualise the effects, a software package of code (ABAQUS/CAE) was used. The results showed a major effect of the interaction between feed rate/cutting speed on surface roughness and copper stress from Von-Mises. By increasing the cutting speed, an increase of 14 percent in surface roughness was perceived. A strong agreement between experimental and analytical findings has been noted.

Author (s) Details

Hussein Zein
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia and Mechanical Design and Production Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

Osama M. Irfan
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia and Mechanical Engineering Department, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62764, Egypt.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/333