Beyond Basics: Advanced Insights into Reinsurance Theory and Practice | Book Publisher International

 Reinsurance and its design provide a competitive advantage to the primary insurer to increase its profit. The effectiveness, capacity and efficiency of the local and international reinsurance market directly and indirectly control that of the local and international insurance markets respectively.

 

The primary insurers’ risks are not optimally diversified. The primary insurance companies do specialize technically and geographically in order to adventure their underwriting expertise and increase profits. Proportional reinsurance provides capital to the insurers to underwrite more risks and hence increase their underwriting capacity. On the other hand, non-proportional reinsurance stabilizes the ups and downs of losses over time and provides protection against the catastrophic events. The mobilization of underwriting capacity on local and international scale is essential to offer the amount of insurance cover essential for many of developing and developed world’ risks, including catastrophe losses resulting natural disasters, contributes to local and international economic development and stability.

 

The purpose of this book is to provide advanced insights into the reinsurance theory and practice. Chapter one examines the nature, uses and importance of reinsurance. It traces the development of reinsurance globally and regionally specifically Africa and Tanzania. The chapter examines the types, methods and forms of reinsurance and their uses. Chapter two analyses the Tanzania reinsurance market, its capacity, reinsurance cycle and its trend. It examines the participants of the reinsurance market, the accreditation procedures for non-resident reinsurance companies and brokers. The chapter describes the mandatory cession share to local and regional reinsurers.

 

Chapter three examines the nature, features and uses of facultative reinsurance. It presents the types of facultative reinsurance, the advantages and disadvantages to the reinsured. Chapter four analyzes the concept and features of treaty reinsurance, the advantages and disadvantages of it, methods and forms of arranging treaty reinsurance. Chapter five examines the nature, features, uses and types of proportional reinsurance. It features the factors affecting the cession, retention rates and commission rates. Chapter six analyses the non-proportional reinsurance. It examines the features, uses and types of non-proportional reinsurance. Chapter seven examines pricing non-proportional reinsurance contracts. Optimization problems in reinsurance are increasingly using modern techniques of neural networks, telematics and other machine learning models rather than the exposure rating, experience rating, frequency and severity probability models. This chapter presents the machine learning programming methods and provides their difference from the traditional pricing methods. Lastly, chapter eight analyses a reinsurance programme design. It describes the factors which affect the design of the reinsurance programme and the reinsurance optimization. In each of the chapters, there are worked examples and practical exercises which enhance the understanding of the reader.

 

This book is written targeting the bachelor degree and master’s degree candidates in insurance programmes. Insurance professionals and practitioners working in the field of reinsurance programme design and pricing will also find this book valuable to them if they wish to revive their reinsurance knowledge.

Author(s) Details:

Mussa Charles Juma,
Faculty of Insurance and Banking, The Institute of Finance Management, P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, City University London, UK and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia.

Salum Ismail Mlaponi,
Faculty of Insurance and Banking, The Institute of Finance Management, P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Strategis Insurance Tanzania Limited, P.O. Box 7893, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, The Institute of Finance Management, Tanzania and Chartered Insurance Institute, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/BBAIRTP/article/view/13978

Diabetes and Cancer Associated Complications | Chapter 26 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Diabetes and cancer are most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that there is a strong association between diabetes and an increased risk of cancer, as well as of mortality. The purpose of this review article is to be aware means the risk of association between diabetes and cancer and the steps to prevent it by medication and other because studies still obscure whether diabetes leads to cancer or cancer causes diabetes.

Author(s) Details:

Vinita Singh,
Department of Zoology, C.M. Science College, Darbhanga-846004, Bihar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12744

Managing the Impact of Speculative Risk Activities in Mining Communities in Ghana | Chapter 3 | An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 5

 Ghana's excavating industry's compensation and migration laws prohibit theoretical development as a risk guardianship for mining companies. Despite the standard, mining communities desire to take advantage of their speculation. This chapter checks the effect of speculative mining ventures and issues of compensation on two together the speculators and the mining associations within some excavating communities in Ghana. As a qualitative-located research, data was collected intentionally using questionnaires, observation, and representative survey group discussions from 93 crowd living within communities guide speculative mining exercises. Univariate statistics were used to analyse the data for further explanatory discussion of the key findings. The study disclosed that the community family learned about potential speculative extents through preliminary reconnaissance and preparatory endeavors of the companies in these areas. The research settled that whereas the mining associations were negatively jolted by speculative activities by way of increased budgets, community agitations, delays in the dawning of mining activities and dangers to resettlement officers' lives all the while fieldwork; the community folks were more affected by delays in migration compensation processing and frequently losses due to dismissal in payment. Again, at a 5% significance level, it was settled that speculation threatens the sustainability of the excavating business by way of the plurality of speculative business-related activities in the region of movement of mining companies. Even though it is imagined that speculative mining actions will continue, it has happened proposed that to reduce theoretical activities in mining societies, there must be increased knowledge through civic education to the effect that constitutionally, mining companies are not likely to pay pre-moratorium for theoretical economic activities. This concede possibility go a long way to improve the friendship between the communities and the excavating companies.

Author(s) Details:

Joseph Teye I. Buertey,
Department of Built Environment, Pentecost University, P.O. Box KN 1739, Ghana.

Felix K. Atsrim,
Fedems Limited, Consulting Engineers, Oleander Street Accra, Ghana.

Kwasi Boateng,
Fedems Limited, Consulting Engineers, Oleander Street Accra, Ghana.

David Doe,
Accra Technical University, Ghana.

Ransford Asirifi,
Accra Institute of Technology, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AOBMER-V5/article/view/12424

An Inpouring Review on the Current Liquidity Crisis in Zimbabwe | Chapter 8 | An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 3

 This study paper tries to examine the reasons behind the liquidity problem that the Zimbabwean frugality is now experiencing. In fiscal economics, a liquidity situation is an acute shortage of liquidity. Liquidity can refer to display liquidity (the ease with which an advantage can be convinced into a liquid medium, e.g. cash), capital liquidity (the ease with which borrowers can acquire external capital), or accounting liquidity (the health of an organization's balance sheet calculated in terms of its cash-like property). Since the advent of the multi-bills system in 2009, that had an impact on the economic incident of Zimbabwe, the liquidity problem has annoyed banks and businesses alike. The study used survey design and scientist-administered questionnaires were used to accumulate data from the accused located in Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru and Masvingo. Out of the 200 questionnaires issued 150 were favorably completed developing in a response rate of 75%. The study also secondhand secondary dossier obtained from government instrumentalities on export and significance performance, fixating on the multi-currency regime (2009-2017). SPSS AMOS was used to test the theory raised and create a path modeling deciding the size and substance of the direct and indirect influence between the prophet variables and the downstream changing. The analysis climaxes the following antecedents as major causes that have an affect the present liquidity catastrophe: public and investor trust, nation risk, embodiment of money, criminal financial flows, and net export conduct. The findings more indicated that the liquidity crisis was not significantly jolted by the regional bank's lack of a lender of last resort position. In order to handle the liquidity question, it is advised that the management concentrate on the aforementioned forerunners.

Author(s) Details:

Banele Dlamini,
Department of Accounting and Finance, Lupane State University, Zimbabwe.

Leonard Mbira,
Department of Accounting and Finance, Lupane State University, Zimbabwe.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AOBMER-V3/article/view/12005

For Assessments of Risks and Damages at Nuclear Power Plants (NPP): A Statistic Method Approach | Chapter 2 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 9

 This affiliate discuss about detail of action Methods for Assessments of Risks and Damages at Nuclear Power Plants. Given the rapid expansion of risk evaluation on many fronts, one grant permission ask whether risk appraisal really offers entity new as a scientific answer to new demands created by technology, or either it is only a short-term craze, something old in a new pretense which will quickly disappear. The joined treats under NPP exploitation are also increasing as a result of many artificial and natural circumstances, containing serving as aims for potential targeted radical assaults. For any NPP, accurate evaluations of the mixed risks and damages are required continual, including during the preparation, construction, and movement phases of allure intricately integrated emergency administration system. Here we try to resolve some possible means of NPP risk assessments. Early we foresaw the irradiation doses and agreed risks for population under implementation of Russian Federal Program:" Delineation of a change administration process institutionalizes the actions of appendages of NPP professional staff in making administrative changes that impact the various sources of risk. Development of Russian nuclear energy industrial complex on 2007-2020 age at 10 homeland NPP, that operated in rational non disasters regimes all the while two last decades. But such dossier are absent for NPP, that have been or will be under non prognostic dangers. Only after NPP accidents can the necessary information, incompletely or in full, be assembled. When NPP are placed in few risky conflict zones with extreme levels of potential terrorism dangers, they are subject to intensely negative organic reactions (temblors, tsunamis, etc.) as well as affected ones. Here the using of classic designs of expertise risk NPP appraisals are not correct and often impossible by any means. Some needed having a theme data concede possibility be obtained from primary in essence computer tests of individual NPP accompanying imitation of possible accidents. It allows to plan the conduct for NPP operators and distinguished services under serious NPP accidents or may search out prevent them by any means. Utilization of mixed oxides of uranium and plutonium (MOX fuel) in particularly design reactors is considered individual of the promising directions for further growth of nuclear manufacturing, let alone the challenge of peaceful exercise of the stock of military plutonium.

Author(s) Details:

Alexander Valyaev  ,
Division of Ecological Safety and Radiation Risk, Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Gurgen Aleksanyan,
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.

Alexey Valyaev,
Commercial Development and Industry Partnerships, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Oleg Arkhipkin,
Spetslabpribor A, LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V9/article/view/11759

Mental Models on Risk: Basis in Developing a Risk Communication Strategy for Pandemic’s Risk Reduction and Management | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 The main objective concerning this study is to investigate the little-known evidence about how community appendages understand a risk wonder, i.e. COVIID-19 Coronavirus universal, through the lens of their insane model, and how this insane model reflects their risk act; and what, if any, are the intended or unintentional behavioral answers to the information taken. It is unclear if society members the one have been immunized against COVID-19 and those who are unvaccinated have distinctly various mental model and risk management. At present, the dearth of studies and research on this matter is a flashy gap, and this is, thus, suggestive of a need to increase our acknowledgment of people’s risk behavior that is established their mental models, and by virtue of what this can have a practical significance in risk communication blueprint. Along this line, little research has been accomplished, hence, this research. Through the verdicts in this study, designers of risk communication will within financial means appreciate the importance of the information and information of people’s mental models and risk performance in which it is before possible to design a risk ideas strategy that is custom-make and oriented towards risk decline and management.

Author(s) Details:

Renato L. Base,
Department of Educational Planning and Administration, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V5/article/view/11584

Prevalence of the Vulnerability to Coastal Erosion: Case Study of Saint-Louis City | Chapter 1 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The coastal areas of Senegal are increasingly affected by climate change and Anthropogenic activities. Accelerated Sea level rise is actually resulting in serious processes of coastal erosion with huge environmental and socioeconomic damages. The city of Saint-Louis is particularly sensitive to coastline retreat as the phenomenon has become recurring with significant impacts along the “Langue de Babarie” sand spit. That particular area is undergoing huge losses of human settlements even if solutions have implemented and affected populations temporally relocated inland. People and economic activities are therefore threatened by coastal erosion. The ongoing urbanization has deeply disturbed the natural sedimentary transit of the coastal area as such practices like sand beach extraction induces serious sedimentary imbalance. Human and environmental security in this coastal part of the country becomes an emergency, given the high vulnerability to marine submersion. Facing coastal erosion should be therefore based on sustainability rather than technical solutions.  This paper is aimed at analyzing population’ behavior to the various coastal protection measures put in place by local authorities.

Author(s) Details:

Coura Kane,
Department of Sustainable Development, Alioune Diop University, Senegal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9640

Determination of Mining Risks at Exploitation in Roșia Poieni Open Pit Mine, Romania | Chapter 6 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 The mining sector is of particular importance as it can support the economic development of the country by supplying various mineral products that are used as raw materials in other fields of activity. When deposit depth and geological conditions permit, valuable mineral resources are mined in open pit mines. The purpose of this document is to investigate malfunctions that may occur and which may lead to dangerous accidents that may affect the safety of personnel and the environment. These malfunctions can be caused by a variety of reasons, including malfunctioning internal mining units and natural phenomena. The study identified and assessed potential mining risks at the Roşia Poieni open pit mine. The policy underlying the identification of these risks considers three main principles. Reduce risk and keep people safe while limiting property risk or financial risk to mining entities. The identification of these risks allows delimiting areas directly or indirectly exposed to potential risks and defines specific prevention, protection and safety measures associated with the activities to be carried out. can do. Based on the identified potential mining risks, we created a hazard map that can be used to develop a risk prevention plan, taking into account the existence of multiple types of risks that may overlap in the same quarry operation area.

Author(s) Details:

Mihaela Toderaș,
Mining Engineering, Surveying and Civil Engineering Department, University of Petrosani, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V3/article/view/8428

Sexual Health of Adolescents and Family Communications | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

 

 In this section, Author plans to examine the connection between sexual way of behaving of college understudies, risk conduct connected with sexuality and the job of guardians. In the discussion among guardians and youngsters, sex is still over and over again prohibited. This is an issue since kids know barely anything about physically sent illnesses, which, as indicated by the Higher Institute of Health, are developing. Young people are additionally indifferent about the gamble of contracting HIV. Many guardians actually keep away from these discussions because of vulnerability or absence of trust in how to best teach their kids on themes like sexual wellbeing and connections. The information comes from two reviews directed in 2000 and 2017, with strategic relapse as the strategy for decision. The objective of this study is to approve the accompanying two speculations while likewise controlling the adjustment of youngsters' conduct over the long haul: (I) The more the guardians speak with their kids, the less are the dangers for the teenagers; (ii) the more the gamble conduct in the spaces of liquor, medication and driving, the more are the sexual dangers for the youths.

Author(s) Details:

Silvana Salvini,
Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V6/article/view/7862   

Study on Linear Programming in Risk Management | Chapter 13 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

 The deterministic nature of the linear programming model is well-known. One method for dealing with uncertainty is to calculate the range of optimality. The effect of changing each objective function coefficient one at a time is studied after achieving the optimal solution (typically using the simplex approach). The optimality range is defined as the region in which the choice variables remain constant. This sensitivity analysis aids the analyst in gaining a better understanding of the problem. It is, however, impractical since the coefficients of objective functions do not tend to stay constant. They are frequently profit contributions from sold items, and their selling prices fluctuate at random. A realistic linear programme is built for simultaneously randomising the coefficients from any probability distribution. A novel method for creating a copula of random objective function coefficients based on a given rank correlation is also presented. The value distribution of the applicable objective function is generated. This distribution is analysed directly for central tendency, spread, skewness, and extreme values for the purposes of risk analysis. Risk analysis and business analytics are important areas in education and training for the information economy.

Author(S) Details

Dennis Ridley
School of Business and Industry, Florida A&M University, USA and Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, USA.

Felipe Llaugel
Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, USA.

Inger Daniels
School of Business and Industry, Florida A&M University, USA.

Abdullah Khan
School of Business, Claflin University, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V1/article/view/6559

Risk Assessment in the Analysis of the Quality of Painting Works | Chapter 05 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 The risks associated with paint and varnish coatings on construction products and structures are discussed. The coating itself, the contact layer, and the substrate are shown as three pieces connected in series in a structural diagram of the reliability of protective and ornamental coatings (plaster). Risk was defined as the probability of an occurrence occurring that would have a negative impact on the paintwork. Furthermore, the risk R was computed as the expected damage Y caused by the coating's breakdown. It has been demonstrated that the likelihood of paint coating adhesive failure is quite low. Depending on the kind of coating, the value of risk as a predicted damage as a result of adhesive breakdown of coatings ranges from 0.068 to 11.18 rubles per 1 m2.

Author(S) Details

V. I. Loganina
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Russia.

T. V. Uchaeva
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V2/article/view/5425

Determining the Effect of a Care Bundle for Hypertension Control on the Health Outcomes of Hypertensive Patients with Stroke Risk | Chapter 11 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

 Background: Care bundles are made up of three to five evidence-based practises that must be given in a coordinated and consistent manner to improve patient health outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine the amount of stroke risk in hypertensive patients, evaluate the efficacy of a hypertension management care bundle on health outcomes in hypertensive patients with stroke risk, and identify parameters associated with the effect of care bundles on hypertensive patients. In this work, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The research was carried out in medical outpatient clinics of government and health insurance facilities in Port Said. A purposive sample of 105 patients was included in the study. Instruments: A structured interview was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and medical histories of patients, a stroke risk assessment screening tool was used to determine stroke risk among hypertensive patients, and clinical measures such as pulse, blood pressure, BMI, serum cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar were used to collect data. Results: The study found significant differences in clinical measures such as systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control, with P-values of 0.000, 0.000, and 0.002, respectively, between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control. Nearly two-thirds of hypertension individuals in the study group, on the other hand, were at intermediate risk of stroke, while the rest were at severe risk. Conclusion: The current study found that providing hypertensive stroke patients with a care package for hypertension control could enhance their clinical parameters significantly. The care bundle consists of a collection of interconnected evidence-based guidelines, with one guideline influencing another, such as proper foods for hypertension patients resulting in weight loss and increased physical activity. However, more research on a larger sample of hypertensive patients, both with and without a risk of stroke, is needed.

Author(S) Details

Azza Anwar Aly
Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Egypt and Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Ibn Sina National Collegefor Medical Studies, KSA. 

Eman Saleh Shahin
Department of Medical, Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V15/article/view/5012

Study of the Prevention of Contamination Risks and External Exposure of People Working in the Mining Craft Industry (Case of the Musompo Site) | Chapter 07 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 2

 Contamination and external exposure to radioactive materials have become more common and less controlled in recent years in various African countries, as a result of mining activities in affluent areas for sought-after metals, which produce large quantities of solid, gaseous, and liquid products in the environment. We are alerted to the fact that environmental protection and worker protection from ionising radiation appear to be overlooked in favour of employers seeking to manufacture the desired products (Cu, Co, Zn, Ag, etc.). Without mentioning the natural radioelements that may be present on the mining site and emit ionising radiation, and without taking the necessary precautions to protect workers from this radiation by providing adequate equipment and taking the necessary precautions to protect the environment from them.

Indeed, the goal of our research is to eliminate all risks of contamination with chemical elements and radioactive equipment, because breathing it in any quantity in the human body on an ores site without personal protective equipment poses a substantial health risk.

As a result, in order to avoid contamination and external exposure, we chose technical study based on interviews and questioning of all persons operating without and with personal protective equipment.

Author(S) Details

Patrick Mbweb Katshil
General Committee at Atomic Energy, Ministry of Scientific Research Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V2/article/view/4454

Building a Multidimensional Risk Management Strategy for the Enterprise: An Integrated Approach to Enterprise Risk | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

Risk management has been identified as a critical topic for enterprises, not only in terms of analysing and responding to risk, but also in terms of identifying opportunities and adding value to businesses. The traditional approach to risk management is still used by the majority of enterprises today. This strategy is based on stovepipe risk management, in which the focus is mostly on tactical business challenges and does not consider strategic risk sources. Moving to an enterprise risk management (ERM) system is common, although the maturity level varies from one firm to the next. Despite the fact that ERM eliminates many of the shortcomings of traditional risk management methods, it nevertheless has its own set of limitations and obstacles. Various organisations are working to build an enterprise risk management framework since it has been agreed that it plays a significant role in shaping organizational-wide risk strategies and policies in a common governance structure. The perceived silo-based nature of risk management, as well as the integration and communication of key risk functions in a holistic manner, remains a difficulty. The main goal of this paper is to address this significant issue by proposing a multidimensional risk management framework with three key domains: a Business Process-Centric Risk Management System (BPC-RMS), a Risk Dialogue Matrix (RDM) based on Expert rules and Data Mining, and a Risk Management Program (RMP) led by a Risk Management Office. A holistic multidimensional risk management approach considers all of the enterprise's functional areas, identifies all of the risks in each, evaluates their relationships and implications, and ensures that all risk actions are balanced. The proposed framework is intended to expand on risk management standards and best practises. We propose and test a multidimensional framework to integrate these risk management ideas into the enterprise's business process using design science methodology.

 

Author (S) Details

Munir Majdalawieh
Zayed University, College of Technological Innovation, United Arab Emirates..

John Gammack
Zayed University, College of Technological Innovation, United Arab Emirates.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/3996

The Use of Statistical Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Finishing of Building Products and Construction | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 The goal of this project is to create guidelines for ensuring the quality of paints and varnishes used in construction products and structures. The utilisation of statistical methods for managing product quality when painting construction products and structures is discussed. The quality of the finish is demonstrated to be dependent on the method of applying the paint as well as the porosity of the cement substrate. The issue of paint and varnish coating qualities safety during storage and operation is serious and important. The minimal roughness value of the coating surface and the minimum value of the risk are common in the event of applying paints to the putty surface, independent of the technique of application, for coatings based on all types of paints. The adoption of the kaizen approach to the renewal of staining technology, based on continuous improvement of activities and providing for the use of statistical methods for managing product quality, is offered to organisations and enterprises engaged in the execution of finishing works. The effect of the quality of a coating's look on the coating's lifetime is discussed. It has been demonstrated that coatings with a high roughness index have poor exploitation durability. A model of the cohesive strength of coatings based on surface roughness is presented.

Author (S) Details

V. I. Loganina
Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Department 'Quality Management and Technology of Construction Production, Penza, Russia.

T. V. Uchaeva
Department of 'Economics, Organization and Production Management', University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2906

Application of Proportional Importance Index in Industrial Hazards Identification and Assessment of Safety Measures in the Chemical Industry | Chapter 6 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The identification of hazards and the creation of a safe working environment is a significant challenge for many industries today. As a result, hazard assessments are carried out in workplaces to detect potentially hazardous events and conditions that may result in workplace accidents. Gap analysis on hazard identification and safety management in the workplace was conducted to highlight the level of incompleteness in recent studies on the subject and the need to fill in the gaps in future studies. This research, which took place in both a petrochemical and an oil refining company in Nigeria, identified industrial hazards and evaluated safety measures in the Nigerian Chemical Industry (CHI). Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire instrument. The research was conducted among chemical industry technical and management personnel whose day-to-day duties expose them to one or more types of hazards in the industry. The questionnaire was given to 96 technical and management staff at the CHI, with 84 (88%) of them completing and returning it. The study looked at the types of hazards, risk awareness, control measures, and the efficacy of safety risks and risk management programmes in Nigeria's chemical industry. The data was analysed using the modified Proportional Importance Index (PII) and a four-point Likert scale. The top ranking risks in the chemical industry are loud noise (PII = 3.2; respondents = 92 percent), working at heights (PII = 3.1; respondents = 89 percent), machine and equipment vibration (PII = 3.0; respondents = 87 percent), high voltage areas (PII = 2.9; respondents = 84 percent), and chemical spills (PII = 2.5; respondents = 55 percent). Workers in the industry had a high level of safety hazard awareness (p 0.05, 95 percent Cl.; PII = 3.1-3.5). Chemical Industry Number 1 (CHI-1) improved from 87.90 percent to 98.09 percent, and Chemical Industry Number 2 (CHI-2) improved from 81.53 percent to 95.54 percent in terms of worker understanding of hazard and danger identification and evaluation in the chemical industries. These hazards endanger workers' safety and should be efficiently managed to keep associated risks as low as reasonably and practically possible (ALARPA).

Author (s) Details

G. C. Afube
World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Ify L. Nwaogazie
World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

J. N. Ugbebor
World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V6/article/view/174

The Impact of Consumer Purchase Behaviour toward Risk Perception on Internet Shopping | Chapter 13 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 4

 Nowadays, online shopping is a common practise because customers feel comfortable purchasing things from their home or workplace. When the peak season comes, one of the key reasons for the excitement of customer shopping is that they do not have to wait in long lines at the physical store to purchase goods and services because customers can buy products directly from online facilities. Past scholars have defined what customers consider to be risks with the advent of technology, which is their key concern in the decision-making process when shopping through internet shopping as well as in online shopping. Purchasing actions in Malaysia for purchasing goods and services. There were a total of 138 valid responses collected from the survey. Convenience sampling methods in this study have been modified for young consumers. Instruments for data collection are questionnaires that use delivery methods that are self-administered. To analyse the results, the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) version 3.0 was used. The Partial Least Square results have confirmed the model's fitness in the studied population. Similarly, path analysis results showed that the expectations of practical risk by customers have impacted their internet shopping intentions in the purchase of goods and services.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Shah Iskandar Fahmie Ramlee
Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

Nik Alif Amri Nik Hashim
Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

Zaimatul Awang
Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

Fadhilahanim Aryani Abdullah
Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia

Siti Rohana Mohamad
Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

Siti Afiqah Zainuddin
Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

Dr. Tahirah Abdullah
Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/348

The Impact of a One Factor Model on Risk Level of Viet Nam Medicine Industry | Chapter 4 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 3

This research paper evaluates the impacts of external financing (one factor model) on market risk for the listed firms in the Viet nam medical industry as it becomes necessary, esp. after the financial crisis 2007-2009.  First, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of total 10 listed companies in Viet Nam medical industry with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for many institutions are acceptable. Second, under 3 different scenarios of changing leverage (in 2011 financial reports, 30% up and 20% down), we recognized that the risk level, measured by equity and asset beta mean, decreases when leverage increases to 30% and it increases in case leverage down to 20%. Third, by changing leverage in 3 scenarios, we recognized the dispersion of risk level, measured by equity beta var, increases if the leverage increases to 30%. Compared to the results of other industries, we see that asset beta var in here increases when leverage up to 30% as well as  that in consumer good industry. Finally, this paper provides some outcomes that could provide companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in governance.

Author(s) Details

Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
Banking University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Graduate School of International Management, International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan.

Nguyen Thi Phuong Thanh 
Thai Nguyen University of Information Technology and Communications, Vietnam.

Luong MInh Lan
Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/191

Tax Rates Effects on the Risk Level of Listed Viet Nam Human Resource and Medical Equipment Firms during Global Economic Crisis 2007-2009 | Chapter 11 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 2

The emerging stock market in Viet Nam has been developed since 2006 and affected by the financial crisis 2007-2009. This study analyzes the impacts of tax policy on market risk for the listed firms in the stock investment industry as it becomes necessary.  First, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of total 9 listed companies in Viet Nam stock investment industry with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for many institutions are acceptable. Second, under 3 different scenarios of changing tax rates (20%, 25% and 28%), we recognized that there is not large disperse in equity beta values, estimated at 0,512, 0,513 and 0,513. Third, by changing tax rates in 3 scenarios (25%, 20% and 28%), we recognized both equity and asset beta mean values have positive relationship with the increasing levels of tax rate. Finally, this paper provides some outcomes that could provide companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in governance.

Author(s) Details

Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
Banking University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Graduate School of International Management, International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan.

Pham Tuan Anh
Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

An Expansion Analysis of the Volatility of Market Risk in Groups of Viet Nam Listed Computer and Electrical Company Groups during the Financial Crisis 2007-2009 | Chapter 8 | Current Strategies in Economics and Management Vol. 1

The Viet Nam economy and especially, the stock exchange has been influenced by the global crisis during the period 2007-2011. For specific industries, such as consumer good and wholesale/retail industries, the risk re-analysis and estimation for the listed firms in these industries become necessary.  First, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of three (3) groups of sub-trading listed companies in Viet Nam material, consumer good, wholesale and retail industries with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for most companies are acceptable, excluding a few cases. There are 72% of listed firms with lower risk, among total 229 firms, whose beta values lower than (<) 1.  Second, through comparison of beta values among three (3) above industries, we recognized there are still 26% of total listed firms in the above group companies with beta values higher than (>) 1 and have stock returns fluctuating more than the market index. Finally, this paper generates some outcomes that could provides both internal and external investors, financial institutions, companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in investments and in governance.

Author(s) Details

Le Thi Viet Nga
Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
Banking University, HCMC – GSIM, International University of Japan, Japan and The National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Ly Thu Trang
Thai Nguyen University of Information Technology and Communications, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.

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