The Journey of Herpes Zoster from Myths towards Facts......!! | Chapter 11 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute highly contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In India, there is a paucity of population-based studies and data on herpes zoster in reporting herpes zoster cases. Several shreds of evidence reflect that the disease causes a burden on population health in India. Besides several known risk factors, myths, lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards treating this infection may affect the quality of life and disease burden. Imparting knowledge, awareness regarding myths and misconceptions, and early approaches for treatment can help prevent disease and complications in the population. The study aims to evaluate the impact of herpes zoster infection awareness programs on myths, knowledge, and practices among the rural population.

Methods: This study is an interventional study that was conducted over 4 months (July to October 2023) in the rural population of western Maharashtra and Families of adopted villages by D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur from the rural field practice area of the medical college. Our study variables were myths about herpes zoster infection, knowledge about herpes zoster infection, and attitudes and practices towards the treatment of herpes zoster infection to evaluate the impact of the health awareness program on it.

Results: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as the positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. For example, this study showed an improvement in the knowledge of the participants after implementing an awareness program. This study showed that after the awareness program, 91.30% of people learned it is a viral disease, and 85.34% learned that it is not a superstitious thing.

Conclusions: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. To change the attitude and clear the myths need more effort and faith with more conversation, more visits, interactive sessions, more trained, competent, and confident students, volunteers, and community support for a better and more effective impact of this awareness program.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Sagar Goyal
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Akshay Salgar
Department of Surgery, LTMGH, and TMMC, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Gayatri G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Sheetal .
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi(Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Ganesh P. Dhavalshankh
Department of Dermatology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Archana G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/7904C

Promoting Health and Preventing Developmental Challenges through Movement, Play, and Sports in Children and Adolescents | chapter 7 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

The conditions of life under which children and adolescents are growing today have changed a lot in recent decades. Children and teenagers have to face multifaceted mental and social burdens. The disappearance of free natural spaces for movement, and the growing use of media and technology, lead to a loss of spatial, social and direct physical-aesthetic experiences. Consequences for children and young people are often expressed as weaknesses in coordination and physical posture, obesity, perception and cognitive impairment, antisocial and aggressive behaviour, reduced physical strength, addiction problems, as well as mental and psychosomatic damage. The aim of this study is to explore the role of movement, play, and sports in promoting health and preventing developmental, psychological, and social challenges among children and adolescents, by identifying how structured physical activities can support their physical, mental, and emotional well-being in the face of modern societal pressures.  The method adopted for the study was a review of the bibliography. The study identifies the potential of movement, play and sport to prevent developmental disorders of children and adolescents due to drug use, physical illness, psychosomatic disorders, and psychosocial disorders. In conclusion, offers, in terms of movement, play and sports, should be organised in such a way that children and young people experience success. To achieve this, it is necessary for the teaching and learning method to be individualised and diversified, to offer simplifications and to present achievable and accessible goals.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Georgios F. Zarotis
University of the Aegean, Faculty of Human Sciences, Rhodes, Greece.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6125

 

Comprehensive Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries Using Herbal and Non-Herbal Products | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Dental caries is a highly prevalent microbial chronic dental disease that affects a greater portion of the world’s population. Saliva surrounding the oral cavity's soft and hard tissues contains both organic and inorganic components, some of which are important contributors to the host's caries development, Saliva has shown great promise as a diagnostic fluid because, unlike blood or other bodily fluids, it contains a large number of diseases indicators. Saliva contains most of the enzymes that aid in metabolism. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like salivary enzymes which play an important role in caries demineralization and remineralization. This review highlights the salivary alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and protease enzyme actions in early childhood caries and prevention.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Umapathy Thimmegowda

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

Pallavi Nagappa Kuri

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/8587E

Comprehensive Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries Using Herbal and Non-Herbal Products | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Dental caries is a highly prevalent microbial chronic dental disease that affects a greater portion of the world’s population. Saliva surrounding the oral cavity's soft and hard tissues contains both organic and inorganic components, some of which are important contributors to the host's caries development, Saliva has shown great promise as a diagnostic fluid because, unlike blood or other bodily fluids, it contains a large number of diseases indicators. Saliva contains most of the enzymes that aid in metabolism. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like salivary enzymes which play an important role in caries demineralization and remineralization. This review highlights the salivary alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and protease enzyme actions in early childhood caries and prevention.

 

Author(s) Details

Umapathy Thimmegowda

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

Pallavi Nagappa Kuri

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/8587E

Managing Bovine Mastitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Mastitis is the most frequent and expensive disease in the Animal Production Units (UPAS-Animal Production Units) of dairy cattle, due to its serious consequences on economic losses in the quantity and quality of milk produced. Its cause is directly related to aspects of well-being, health and hygiene and sanitation of the high milk-producing animals. The study aimed to discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies for managing Bovine mastitis. In terms of diagnosis, the clinical determination of mastitis in the UPAS of dairy cattle is based mainly on the preparation, training and experience of the actors in the dairy activity (veterinarians, herdsmen and workers). For the prevention of mastitis, it is vitally important to keep the udder health of each and every one of the cows that are in production in the UPA, in which the participation of the veterinarians in the training of the personnel (cattle ranchers and Workers) is of paramount importance. Its benefit is directly related to the quality of the work during milking and, as a consequence, with lower cases of mastitis in the UPAS, both clinical and subclinical. In the treatment of bovine mastitis, it should be standardised and specific based on the general health status of cows, such as fever, colour and physical appearance of milk (texture). It is essential to avoid having many types of antimicrobial treatments.  Clinical cases of bovine mastitis should be treated as quickly as possible, especially in acute and subacute acute and acute clinical cases. Hence, in this work, the significant aspects to consider in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bovine mastitis, considering the use of antimicrobials and other measures of vital importance essential for its prevention in UPAS dairy cattle operations, have been discussed.

 

Author (s) Details

Alejandro Córdova Izquierdo
Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Xochimilco Metropolitan Autonomous University Unit, Mexico.

 

Edmundo Abel Villa Mancera
Veterinary School, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.

 

Ma de Lourdes Juárez Mosqueda
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico.

 

Armando Gómez Vázquez
Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México.

 

Jaime Olivares Pérez
Veterinary Academic Unit, Autonomous University of Guerrero, México.

 

Pedro Sánchez Aparicio
Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, UAEM, Mexico.

 

Raúl Sánchez Sáncez
Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Higher Council for Scientific Research, Ctra de la Coruña km 5.9 - 28040 Madrid, Spain.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5530

AYUSH System Providing Opportunities for Health Promotion and Wellness | Chapter 9 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Ever since the world has been made humans have been living a healthy life of 100 years life expectancy. But as time passed lifestyles changed and people started practicing Apathya Ahara and Vihara ignoring the needs of their bodies just for the leisure of the materialistic world. Arogya means Complete Positive Health, which is the Fundamental Human Right. A known proverb says `Health is Wealth` which is true because a Healthy Mind and Body can only achieve the ultimate goal of life. Today when there are numerous diseases like COVID-19 are coming up there is a need to go back to our forgotten roots which is AYUSH.

Materials and Methods: Various Ayurvedic Classical texts, articles, and journals have been analysed.

Results: It has always focussed on Prevention and Healthy Living by individuals and communities. AYUSH can be the best way to reduce the burden of diseases from Country and World through its simple basic preventive Lifestyle Regimens to be followed by everyone in the World. That can be only through Health Promotion by AYUSH Practioners to the base level of Primary Health Care.

Discussion: When everyone learns about the significance of AYUSH services then they will accept it by heart as they are the most affordable and accessible facilities. Presently it is the time to work collaboratively with the community, government, medical facilities and other sectors to achieve the Social Global Target of `Health for All`. Currently, the Concept of One Health is the main focus for all. Even though the government is trying its best to provide the best health care services, it is a shear responsibility of every individual to maintain his or her health by making good choices for achieving healthy longevity.

Conclusion: The study concluded that encouraging AYUSH practices in the public and private sectors will lead to better health. An era of holistic health and integrated medicine has begun now and from here this will be proliferated to the world so that the social global target of one health can be achieved and all live a meaningful and balanced life.

 

Author (s) Details

Khyati
Department of Swasthavritta Evum Yoga, Kunwar Shekhar Vijendra Ayurved Medical College and Research Centre, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Satya Manav Dayal
Department of Swasthavritta, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Dehradun, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/3003

The Importance of Fitness Sports for Health and Prevention | Chapter 9 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 7

The concept of health is subject to dynamic change. The World Health Organization (WHO, n.d.) defines health as a state of extensive physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is at the top of the social value hierarchies in Western industrialized countries. It enables people to actively participate in social processes. In the course of industrialization, humans have been formally educated to be sedentary. The trend towards passivity and predominantly sedentary activities during working hours has resulted in an increase in health problems in the chronic-degenerative field. Curative medicine is reaching its limits with these diseases. In order to achieve an improvement in the health situation, it is necessary to make personal lifestyles more health-oriented. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the need for health and prevention through fitness sports in today's society, in order to create recommendations for action. The methodology used in this study was a review of the relevant literature. In analysing various research findings, it was discovered that essential to health promotion is preventive orientation and turning towards health instead of focusing on disease. The concept of health promotion complements the previously dominant concept of disease prevention, with the goal of increased prevention and active mobilization of all health-supporting influencing factors. The importance of health promotion is emphasized in the sense of moving away from a perspective of health education and prevention-oriented only to pathogenesis and to risks and risk factors. Health promotion includes all strategies and measures that positively influence health and this in turn also includes prevention in all its stages as well as disease treatment. There is sufficient evidence that exercise and sport have positive effects on health and well-being; this goes as far as living longer, but at least leads to a better quality of life in old age. Fitness sports providers and fitness sports consumers bring their interests into impressive harmony in this respect: weight reduction, improving physical performance, improving energy balance, improving appearance, living healthily, and sleeping better, among others, are the primary reasons for visiting a gym. Prevention through exercise and sport therefore needs to be brought more into awareness, at all levels: among politicians, among employers and employees, among families, teachers, and caregivers, and among younger and older people. Modern fitness sports can play an important and central role in this context for the future. Fitness facilities represent ideal venues for prevention in this regard. One of the most striking features of the fitness market is the permanent development and renewal of fitness sport and its framework conditions - and thus of sport in general. Last but not least, this also sets lifestyle standards that influence value schemes and health behaviour: health, body behaviour and prevention.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Walter Tokarski
German Sport University, Germany.

 

Antonis Tosounidis
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Western Macedonia, Greece.

 

George F. Zarotis
Faculty of Human Sciences, University of the Aegean, Greece.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v7/4890

Identifying Causes of Breast Cancer and Autism: A Novel Method for Analyzing Non-infectious Disease Factors | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 1

Background: Breast Cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. Breast cancer occurs mostly in women, but men can develop breast cancer too. Currently, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the USA. Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all new female cancers each year. In the USA, there is a 1 in 8 chance for women to develop Breast Cancer. The exact causes of breast cancer are currently unknown. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability characterized by persistent impairments in social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities that can cause an array of difficulties in social interaction, communication, and participation in daily activities. Autistic children often don't speak, have delayed speech, or lose previous ability to say words or sentences. According to the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of Autism in the USA is 1 in 36 children (as of 2020). The rate of Autism's prevalence has grown significantly over the years from 1 in 150 in 2000 to 1 in 36 in 2020. Currently, Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause.

Methodology: In this work, an author analyses the causes of Breast Cancer and Autism using a novel method presented in the article “Method of Combining Multiple Researches to Determine Non-Infectious Disease Causes, Analysis of Depression and Celiac Disease Causes”. The method uses a special algorithm based on math which allows to find disease causes for a specific non-infectious disease using the results of multiple research regarding the risk factors of the disease. The use of the method requires finding the number of causes for a specific non-infectious disease using a special formula and data on the incidence rate of disease in a specific population. These disease causes are two or more physiological changes beyond approximately 1-sigma interval which if they co-exist long enough must trigger the non-infectious disease (triggering is not optional). After that, the method requires finding disease causation factors out of multiple risk factors found for a disease. Only some of the risk factors are real disease-causing factors. This is achieved using a set of special disease causation criteria discussed in the article above and provided here for reference as well.

The method often enables the identification of a few dozen disease causation factors, and potentially more, for a non-infectious disease based on existing medical research. These disease causation factors all point to the same set of a limited number of physiological parameter changes beyond 1-sigma. The number of these physiological changes usually varies depending on the non-infectious disease from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 6 or very rare. In this case, the few dozen of disease causation factors make changes (we can say “point”) to the same set of 3 physiological parameters (for example). The method then allows to find these physiological parameter changes (which are the real cause of the non-infectious disease) using a property based on math.

After this, the method allows to determine which physiological parameter of this group is impacted by each of the dozens of disease causation factors previously found. The method allows to group of these factors according to the physiological parameters they impact. The disease causation factors taken out of each group of these factors and combined together will cause a change beyond 1-sigma to all required for disease-triggering physiological parameters. These combinations of disease causation factors applied long enough will cause a non-infectious disease. The occurrence of the disease causation factors is random but once they act together the non-infectious disease triggering is a must unless the factors are removed fast enough. The final step of the method is validation of its results using other research or the already discussed disease causation criteria in order to eliminate any human errors in steps of the method that could be potentially made.

Once the simultaneously taking place physiological changes causing a non-infectious disease has been found the method allows to build a hypothesis of the disease pathology by using them and “connecting the dots”. The example of this process is shown in the work as well. The hypothesises of Breast Cancer and Autism pathologies are proposed as examples of this.

The article introduces the basics of the novel method, provides required formulas for calculations and then moves to a detailed analysis of two non-infectious diseases - Breast Cancer and Autism. As the method is novel the appendix has an analogy to explain the idea of the method at “high level”. The author’s introduction to the method will allow other medical researchers to use their own and existing research to determine the causes of non-infectious diseases as per the presented model, using a simple algorithm.

Results: Using this method and applying over 29 existing selected studies at the same time an author analyses Breast Cancer and as a result, the work concludes that the next combination of physiological parameters changes beyond the 1-sigma interval (slightly less, actually) causes Breast Cancer if the changes coexist long enough. This combination for Breast Cancer consists of 4 physiological changes that should coexist at the same time: Increased DNA strand breaks (beyond 1-sigma), TNF-alfa increased (beyond 1-sigma), Leptin level increase(beyond 1-sigma), High estradiol (beyond 1-sigma). This disease-causing combination is the same for all individuals with Breast Cancer but the factors which can cause them can vary significantly and some are determined in this research.

Investigating Autism causes by applying over 34 existing selected studies using this novel method the author determines a set of physiological parameter changes beyond the 1-sigma interval (slightly less, actually) which if coexisting long enough are triggering Autism. Using the method an author shows that Autism is caused by 2 physiological parameter changes (beyond 1-sigma) combinations for boys and 3 physiological parameter changes (beyond 1-sigma) combinations for girls at the present time. These combinations of physiological parameter changes consist of: 1) Insulin Resistance increase (beyond 1-sigma), 2) Increase in TNF – Alfa (beyond 1-sigma), 3) low Iron (beyond 1-sigma). Low iron is likely required to trigger Autism only in girls as the 3rd physiological change. This combination of physiological changes that causes Autism can be developed under the action of a variety of different factors some of which are determined in this research.

The differences in the number of physiological parameters that are causing Autism in boys and girls (2 for boys vs 3 for girls) explain why girls’ rate of Autism is much less than in boys as more physiological changes are required to trigger the non-infectious disease the less its incidence rate [1]. This research determines that there used to be around 7 physiological changes required to cause Autism in the past, in the 1980s and earlier. However, some external factors have removed multiple defensive mechanisms by moving some physiological parameters beyond 1-sigma to a new “norm” and left us at present time with only 2 physiological defenses for boys and 3 physiological defenses for girls as shown in this work. This removal of physiological defenses has caused a significant rise in Autism in recent years.

Conclusion: In this article, it is shown how research that estimates the risk of non-infectious disease can be used to determine disease caused as a set of physiological parameters changes beyond 1-sigma (actually, slightly less than this interval). The process of determining which physiological parameter is impacted by a specific external factor has been shown. It was also shown how certain different combinations of external factors can cause a disease if they act together and how to determine these disease-causing factors combinations. Overall, the method presented here allows to increase the efficiency of existing medical research in finding non-infectious disease causes and also stresses that non-infectious diseases have a multi-factorial cause.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Alan Olan
Kazan State Technical University, USSR, Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v1/3056

Metabolic Syndrome can be Prevented by Physical Training and Diet Containing Solanum aethiopicum Shum Fruit | Chapter 3 | Solanum aethiopicum Shum, an Example of the Richness of the Food and Therapeutic Heritage of a Continent in a Country, Cameroon, Africa in Miniature, Edition 1

Two-thirds of the global disease can be attributable to metabolic syndrome and its complications. The bioenergetic response of regular physical exercise and a diet rich in foods with a low glycaemic index appears to be an excellent way of combating metabolic syndrome. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of twenty days of continuous endurance training and a diet containing Solanum aethiopicum Shum fruit (SASF) consumption on metabolic syndrome prevention. Twenty-four Wistar male rats were grouped (6 per group) according to the physical training and SASF feeding: group 1 (control), group 2 (trained and consumed), group 3 (trained), and group 4 (consumed). Parameters of nutritional behaviour, stomach wall weight and obesity biomarkers were recorded. The animals fed on a diet containing SASF showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol and testosterone. The statistical analyses were performed with the Statgraphics Plus version 5.0 software, using one-way ANOVA with the statistical significance set at the probability lower than 0.05 levels. From animals submitted to endurance training only, a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and an increase in testosterone, without statistical changes in HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides was observed. The rats were physically trained and fed on an experimental diet containing SASF limited body and abdominal wall weights, improved lipid profile and testosterone towards obesity prevention. With regard to the control group, in this present study, endurance exercise and diet containing SASF may be used to prevent metabolic syndrome. SASF could be potentially used to induce muscle mass increase, strength and improvement of fat catabolism. The study concluded that the promotion of durable health could depend on adapted physical exercises and a diet containing raw vegetables with low glycaemic index.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Valentin Desire Guiama
Laboratory of Motricity and Health, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Juliette Koube
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Esther Ngah
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-15-0/CH3

Infection Prevention Strategies in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Behavioral Intervention for Patients and Contemporary Applications | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 4

Background: Annually in the United States, it is estimated that 1.7 million patients acquire a healthcare-associated infection (HAI), defined as an infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility which results in approximately one hundred thousand deaths. Healthcare Acquired Infections (HAI) result in over 100 thousand deaths each year with one-third of these deaths preventable via behaviors such as hand washing among healthcare providers in inpatient settings. Less research has been conducted in outpatient exercise settings such as cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of HAI prevention strategies in a CR setting among patients.

Methods: Observations of the frequency of hand washing among CR patients pre and post-four HAI strategies including provision of HAI education and signs, hand washing demonstrations, an HAI prevention video, and hand sanitizer samples. Washing hands prior to CR (WI) was observed as well as washing hands prior to leaving the CR center (WO). Methods included recording the frequency of WI and WO among all patients at baseline and after each of the four interventions. Mean frequencies of WI and WO were compared among a mean of 22 - 43 CR patient visits over 12 weeks using descriptive statistics and t-tests to determine if changes were significant pre and post-intervention strategies.

Results: At baseline, no patients WI or WO during an outpatient CR visit. Post interventions 1 - 4, the percentage of patients WI and WO was 33 and 34, 32 and 26, 32 and 29, 33 and 22 respectively. At a one-year follow up, the percentage of patients WI and WO was 40%.

Conclusion: Increases in frequency and the percentage of WI and WO were observed among patients meriting continued examination of HAI prevention strategies among patients in outpatient exercise settings such as CR. Given that the provision of feedback is suggested, the examination of HAI infection strategies outcomes in this study could benefit the patients and staff of CR centers and be applied to other rehabilitation settings such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and therapeutic fitness centers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Wendy Bjerke
Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v4/3949

Leading Causes of Obesity During Childhood and Adolescence | Chapter 1 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The Center for Disease Control considers people between the ages of 2 and 18 to be diagnosed as overweight to be greater than 85 percentiles and obesity to be 95 percentiles or higher. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in body fat, characterized by an increase in adipose tissue, a child is considered obese when his or her weight is greater than 20% of the ideal.

The complications that children suffering from obesity have in the short term are increased blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, alterations in lipid metabolism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, respiratory, metabolic, orthopedic, dermatological problems, metabolic syndrome, cholecystitis, fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, among others. The most important approach to the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as creating awareness of short, medium and long-term lifestyle changes.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Edith Fernanda Villanueva-Mendez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Michelle Arias-Morales
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Luis Ignacio Perez-Velazquez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Gilberto Flores-Vargas
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Maria de Jesus Gallardo-Luna
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Efrain Navarro-Olivos
Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Ligia Gricelda Arce-Padilla
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.

 

Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v8/509

The Journey of Herpes Zoster from Myths towards Facts......!! | Chapter 11 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute highly contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In India, there is a paucity of population-based studies and data on herpes zoster in reporting herpes zoster cases. Several shreds of evidence reflect that the disease causes a burden on population health in India. Besides several known risk factors, myths, lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards treating this infection may affect the quality of life and disease burden. Imparting knowledge, awareness regarding myths and misconceptions, and early approaches for treatment can help prevent disease and complications in the population. The study aims to evaluate the impact of herpes zoster infection awareness programs on myths, knowledge, and practices among the rural population.

Methods: This study is an interventional study that was conducted over 4 months (July to October 2023) in the rural population of western Maharashtra and Families of adopted villages by D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur from the rural field practice area of the medical college. Our study variables were myths about herpes zoster infection, knowledge about herpes zoster infection, and attitudes and practices towards the treatment of herpes zoster infection to evaluate the impact of the health awareness program on it.

Results: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as the positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. For example, this study showed an improvement in the knowledge of the participants after implementing an awareness program. This study showed that after the awareness program, 91.30% of people learned it is a viral disease, and 85.34% learned that it is not a superstitious thing.

Conclusions: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. To change the attitude and clear the myths, need more effort and faith with more conversation, more visits, interactive sessions, more trained, competent, and confident students, volunteers, and community support for a better and more effective impact of this awareness program.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Sagar Goyal
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Akshay Salgar
Department of Surgery, LTMGH, and TMMC, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Gayatri G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sheetal .
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi(Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ganesh P. Dhavalshankh
Department of Dermatology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Archana G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/7904C

Oral Manifestations | Chapter 11 | Clinical Manifestations of Covid-19: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach

 

COVID-19 infection is a threat to the global healthcare system due to its high mortality profile, especially among persons with existing comorbidities. Though the commonest symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, dyspnea, and sputum production, there are variable orofacial manifestations ranging from the more common features (dysgeusia, xerostomia, and oral mucosal lesions) to the less common manifestations (facial paralysis, trigeminal neuralgia, macroglossia, pain and swelling of the masticatory muscles). The tongue is the most common intraoral site affected followed by labial mucosa and palate.

Maintaining a good oral hygiene practice has been associated with a reduction in the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and the treatment for the orofacial manifestations includes the use of topical or systemic corticosteroids, diphenhydramine. Additionally, the use of mouthwash, antibiotics and sometimes no treatment at all, in which case the lesions resolve within 3 to 21 days, can also be explored.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Adeyemi, Tope Emmanuel
Department of Child Dental Health, Bayero University, Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.

 

Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

 

Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973195-5-6/CH11

Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications by Unani Herbal Medicine - a Evidence Based Review | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the significant health issues of the modern era. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 415 million persons between the ages of 20 and 79 had diabetes in 2015. By 2030, there will be 552 million patients worldwide with a prevalence of 10.4%, up from 8.8%. Diabetes's long-term side effects include retinopathy, which can result in blindness. The most common cause of blindness in adults aged 20 to 74 is diabetic retinopathy. Various treatment approaches together can help control the illness so that a healthy life is led and complications are avoided. Nature has gifted us with an abundance of herbal cures for all human ailments. India possesses an abundant and limitless supply of medications derived from plants. There has been resurgence in the consumption and demand for medicinal plants. Numerous medications with anti-diabetic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and nootropic properties have been found in the Unani System of Medicine and are frequently prescribed by Unani physicians. Aqerqarha, Azaraqui, Beesh, Saadkofi, Balchhar, Darchini, Darhald, Post Kachnal, Asgand, Dammul Akhwain, Gurmar Booti, Tukhm Hayat, and Tukhme Khurfa are a few of them. Furthermore, a few well-known compound formulations are well-known, including Qurs-e-Gulnar, Qurs-e-Tabsheer, Safoof-e-Ziabetus, Qurs-e-Ziabetus, Habb-e-Azaraqui, Habb-e-Asabi, Kushta Zamarrad, etc. In an effort to lessen the burden of issues associated to diabetes, the purpose of this review paper is to investigate the hidden advantages of Unani medications according to their scientific specifications.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Nasar K.,
Department of General Medicine, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, TS, India.

Tabassum K.,
Department of OBG, Govt. Unani Medical College & Hospital Bangalore, KA, India.

Majeeda Begum,
Dr. Abdul Haq Unani Medical College Hospital, Kurnool, A.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13795

Knowledge and Practices of the Prescription of Physical and Sports Activities (PSA) by Doctors in Ouagadougou: A Mixed-Method Exploratory Approach | Chapter 7 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 6

Introduction: The benefits of physical activity (PA) in improving the quality of life of people with chronic diseases have led some countries to include the prescription of PA in their public health code. In Burkina Faso, public health documents do not contain any information about prescribing PA, even though some doctors claim to prescribe physical activity.
 
Objective: To analyse the medical doctors’ knowledge and practices of the prescription of PSA in Ouagadougou city
 
Methods: A mixed-method exploratory study, data were collected using an online Google Forms survey of 135 doctors in 03 health districts in Ouagadougou city, and interviews with 23 doctors to February to June 2023. Quantitative data were processed using Epi-Info software, and qualitative data using the content analysis method. Test significance was set at p<0.05.
 
Results: Based on 48 specialists and 87 general practitioners, the results revealed that 97.04% of participants were aware of the importance of PSA for health, and 91.11% said they are used to prescribing PSA to their patients. As for the prescription protocol, only 22.22% claimed they mastered it.
 
A significant relationship emerged between seniority and PSA prescription (p<0.02). Qualitative analysis reinforced these results in that the vast majority of interviewees claimed that they knew PSAs and used to prescribe them to their patients without any prescription protocol.
 
Discussion and Conclusion: These results reveal that all participants have sufficient information on the importance of PSA for health. However, they do more to raise awareness than to prescribe, because prescription protocols are not applied. It also emerged that seniority was linked to PSA prescription. This could be explained by the fact that PSA as a means of preventing NCDs is a concept that emerged with modernity and therefore rhymes with youth. Even if young doctors claim to prescribe PSA, it should be noted that this idea does not adequately reflect the reality of the prescription protocol. In light of these results, information/training strategies on PSA prescription protocols should be developed.

Author(s) Details:

Nana Brigitte,
Institute of Sport Sciences and Human Development, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Lamien David Prosper,
Health Sciences Training and Research Unit, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Sawadogo Amidou,
Institute of Sport Sciences and Human Development, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Daboné Moussa,
Institute of Sport Sciences and Human Development, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V6/article/view/13358

Prevention, Recognition, and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in ICU | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 1

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a prevalent and severe complication in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), with a significant impact on patient outcomes. Early prevention, recognition, and intervention are crucial for improving patient prognosis. This chapter delves into the prevention strategies, recognition techniques, and treatment approaches for AKI in the ICU setting.

Prevention of AKI encompasses identifying and addressing risk factors, such as hypovolemia, nephrotoxic medications, hypotension, and sepsis. Early recognition of AKI hinges on utilising the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification system, which categorises AKI based on serum creatinine levels and urine output. Treatment strategies for AKI involve fluid management, electrolyte management, nutrition, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in severe cases.

In conclusion, AKI management in the ICU requires a comprehensive approach encompassing prevention, early recognition, and prompt intervention. By implementing these strategies, clinicians can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with AKI.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmed Muhammad Bashir,
Mogadishu Somalia Turkiye Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V1/article/view/12999

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Targeting Eating Behaviour for Patients with Abdominal Obesity in an Ordinary Primary Health Care Setting | Chapter 8 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 The purpose concerning this study is to explain in what way or manner Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Targeting Eating Behavior (CBT-TEB) was applied and to evaluate the therapy's short-term efficiency in lowering abdominal corpulence and body mass index (BMI) in routine first-contact medical care settings. Obesity is a weighty public health issue and associated with an raised risk of cardiovascular disease events and humanness. The risk of cardiovascular complications is directly had connection with excess frame fat mass and ectopic fat dethroning, but also other corpulence-related complexities such as pre-type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, and non-alcoholic greasy liver diseases.A screening inquiry was given to consecutive sufferers and after that a fitness dialogue, blood pressure and skin glucose check were offered. Eighty- three bodies aged 18-69 age consented to participate in the CBT-TEB invasion. Inclusion criteria were the combination of intestinal obesity and BMI ≥ 25. Primary outcome measures were changes from criterion to six months after end of remedy in waist circumference (WC), midriff-to-hip ratio (WHR), pressure, and BMI. Changes in eating behaviours: cognitive limitation eating, poignant eating and uncontrolled consuming. Obesity related psychosocial problems in addition to patients´ and group rulers´ experiences of the CBT-TEB programme were also evaluated. Pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-bulk lipoproteins (HDL-C), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) and triglycerides were calculated.Mean reductions after six months (total sample, last attention carried forward): WC 4.8 (sd 7.0) cm, WHR 0.027 (sd 0.04), weight 4.4 (sd 4.9) kg, BMI 1.6 (sd 1.8) kg/m2. Mean reductions afterwards six months in therapy completers: WC 5.5 (7.3) cm, WHR 0.031 (0.05), weight 5.0 (5.0) kg, BMI 1.8 (1.8) kg/m2. Cognitive limitation eating raised and uncontrolled eating, touching eating and obesity-accompanying psychosocial problems decreased considerably during remedy. Patients´ experiences of the therapy surpassed their expectations. Group leaders´ knowledge were positive. After a brief training ending, it was possible to redistribute CBT-TEB in primary care using precinct nurses and health educators as group leaders. Both cases and staff replied favorably to the treatment. The CBT-TEB program's temporary success in reducing pressure and abdominal obesity in subjects receiving first-contact medical care was pleasing and seems expected superior to the majority of different reported CBT-located programs.

Author(s) Details:

Lisbeth Stahre,
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Ann Blomstrand,
Department of Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Tore Hällström,
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Unit for Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V8/article/view/12187

Endophthalmitis - A Care with Hygiene and Sterilization of Materials in Surgical Procedures, in Order to Avoid this Inflammatory Process | Chapter 15 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The aim of this work is to increase gaining nourishment by suckling care in the handling and convert of ophthalmic materials, so lowering the risk of endophthalmitis following surgical movements. Enophthalmitis is the word used to describe a condition from inflammation limited within the eyeball that is to say caused by bacterial contaminations, which is one of ultimate dreaded consequences afterwards invasive sight surgeries. This is an integrative review clearly and in a concise manner structured, established fundamental studies and definitions so that it is possible to adjust the subject to be focused on, with the central objective of milking care in the processing of with the eye materials, in order fo defeat cases of eye infection. Favorable surgical procedures, containing infection eluding, are the foundation for favorable medical checkup outcomes. Health Conclusion- The answer of the article is to focus feeding's attention, addressing a fresh view to the issue discussed, and enticing more interest in ophthalmology, which is underappreciated by gaining nourishment by suckling.

Author(s) Details:

Marilbe Nery Dos Anjos,
Uninorte Institute of Higher Education, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Paula Alessandra Furtado Ferreira,
Unip Paulista University Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Youssef Sabba Tayah,
Faculdade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

David Tayah,
UFAM - Federal University of State of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Milton Ruiz Alves,
School of Medicina - USP - University of the state of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V4/article/view/12127

Oral Submucous Fibrosis – An Ayurvedic Perspective | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Oral Submucus Fibrosis (OSMF) is a pre-diseased condition for approximately 2% of the cases, leading to a meaningful deterioration in the Quality of Life, and food. The symptoms of OSMF include pain, blazing sensation, intolerance to pungent food, taste disorders, dry mouth, discounted opening of backtalk, dysphagia, altered tone and depreciated mobility of the tongue. Ayurveda refers to any similar illnesses as Tridoshaj Mukhapaka and advises several remedy modalities, including local cures such as Gandusha and systemic one such as consumption of Rasayana, Tridoshaghna herbs and herbals, in addition to Nidana Parivarjana / abstinence from addictions. This affiliate discusses many areas of OSMF as scholarly and clinical studies relevant to OSMF / Tridoshaj Mukhapaka in up-to-date medicine, such as stop, surgery, diet, behavior, physiotherapy, Ayurveda, and other Complementary Alternative Medicines.  Ayurvedic preventive & health-giving protocols are detailed present.

Author(s) Details:

Aparna Sharma,
Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda Deemed to Be University, Jaipur 302002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V6/article/view/10988

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Global Battle between Life and Death | Chapter 9 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 Coronavirus is demanded the spikes that protrude from their membranes just like the star's corona. In line with WHO, Common signs of contamination embrace fever, cold, cough, and respiring difficulties like dyspnea, pneumonia.  The COVID-19 contamination is currently generating severe pandemic environments around the world. The destructively disease of the coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has shown important threats to global fitness as well as the frugality. The Covid-19 infectious disease is extending throughout the world, exceptionally in developed nations like China, the United States, Italy, France, Spain, Iran, England, Germany, South Korea, etc.  Following an eruption of pneumonia without a obvious cause within the city of Wuhan in China, a novel strain of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in December 2019. To address the issue, the social government is collaborating carefully with wives from the states, localities, families, and territories as well as from all health subdivision. In these trying times, all societies should work even harder to support international actions for the detection, situation, and advancement of this disease and related viral respiring infections. Our procedure is to make use of the first-rate information that is now at our disposal in consideration of directly improve energy and to assist the virtual efforts of healthcare pros around the experience.

Author(s) Details:

Chitra Bhagvantrao Hangargekar,
ASPM’s, K. T. Patil College of Pharmacy, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India.

Rubiya Saher Shafi-Ur-Rehman Quazi,
ASPM’s, K. T. Patil College of Pharmacy, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India.

Amol Arun Joshi,
ASPM’s, K. T. Patil College of Pharmacy, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V8/article/view/10208