Survival and Complications of Impacted Teeth Versus Immediate Post-Extraction Implants: A Comparative Review | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 6

 

Dental implant therapy increasingly emphasises shortening treatment time and minimising surgical morbidity while maintaining long-term biological stability and esthetic integration. Two approaches that aim to reduce or avoid extensive hard-tissue surgery are (i) implant placement through impacted teeth or retained dental tissues (hereafter, “transdental” placement) and (ii) immediate post-extraction implant placement in fresh sockets. Implant placement through impacted teeth generally describes preparing an osteotomy that passes through the enamel and/or dentin of an impacted tooth that remains in situ, followed by insertion of an implant along that trajectory. On the other hand, immediate implant placement refers to inserting an implant into a fresh extraction socket during the same surgical session as tooth removal. Although both strategies may reduce the number of surgical stages compared with conventional delayed placement, they arise from different clinical problems: transdental placement is typically considered when an impacted tooth obstructs the ideal implant trajectory and surgical removal would create substantial defects, whereas immediate placement addresses replacement of a failing or hopeless tooth at the time of extraction.

 

This narrative review synthesises contemporary evidence on survival, marginal bone loss, and complications for each approach, and interprets these outcomes through a biological and risk-management lens. A structured literature search was conducted on major biomedical databases using predefined keywords related to transdental and immediate implant placement.  Current human data indicate that implants placed through impacted teeth can achieve high short- to medium-term stability in carefully selected cases, but the evidence base remains dominated by small case series and heterogeneous follow-up. Immediate post-extraction implants demonstrate high overall survival in systematic reviews and randomised trials, though slightly lower survival than delayed protocols have been reported in some meta-analyses, and esthetic complications remain a key concern in thin phenotypes or compromised sockets.

 

Across both approaches, outcomes appear highly dependent on case selection, meticulous imaging-based planning, primary stability, infection control, and soft-tissue management. Robust comparative studies with standardised radiographic and patient-reported outcomes are needed before transdental placement can be recommended beyond narrowly defined indications. A significant research gap exists in the transdental field due to the absence of well-designed prospective trials, standardised outcome reporting, and long-term comparative data. Future research should prioritise prospective multicentre studies and registries with standardised reporting of implant systems, surgical protocols, radiographic assessment methods, and patient-reported outcomes to enable meaningful comparison and evidence-based clinical recommendations. Standardisation of outcomes is also recommended.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bhushan Krishna Chalmela
Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra-431001, India.

 

Ulhas Tandale
Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra -431001, India.

 

Kishor Mahale
Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra -431001, India.

 

Smita Khalikar
Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra -431001, India.

 

Vilas Rajguru
Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra -431001, India.

 

Sonali Mahajan
Government Dental College and Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Ghati Hospital Campus, Panchakki Road, Maharashtra -431001, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v6/7130

Calcinosis Cutis as a Rare Complication of Acne Vulgaris |Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 1

 

Introduction: Calcinosis cutis is a rare complication characterized by abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. While acne vulgaris is a common dermatologic condition marked by comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules, its typical complications include post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring. Calcinosis cutis secondary to acne is an uncommon and underrecognized entity.

 

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with a longstanding history of skin-colored papules localized to the cheeks. Initially diagnosed with comedonal acne, she was treated with isotretinoin (30 mg/day) for over three months without clinical improvement. Physical examination revealed multiple firm, skin-colored papules (2–6 mm) over both cheeks. Closer inspection using a magnification lens revealed no comedones, prompting reconsideration of the diagnosis. Radiographic imaging confirmed the presence of soft tissue calcifications in the affected areas. Laboratory investigations, including serum calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and antinuclear antibody levels, were within normal limits. The diagnosis of calcinosis cutis was established, and the patient underwent successful surgical excision of the calcium deposits under local anesthesia.

 

Discussion: This case highlights calcinosis cutis as an unusual yet important complication of acne vulgaris. It typically arises in areas with chronic inflammatory lesions and may mimic persistent acne clinically. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of detailed clinical examination and imaging studies. Surgical excision remains an effective treatment in localized cases.

 

Conclusion: Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon complication of acne vulgaris and should be considered in patients with long-standing acne-like skin lesions and poor response to conventional anti-acne medications.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Qais Nouri Zghair
Private Clinic, Muscat, Oman.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v1/6524

 

An Update on the Status of Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repairs: Narrative Review Article | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 10

 

The utilisation of laparoscopic techniques for inguinal hernia repair has been increasingly adopted in clinical practice. The Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) approaches are the predominant procedures employed for the treatment of primary, recurrent, and bilateral inguinal hernias. These techniques, however, necessitate specialised equipment and training, and they present a significant learning curve. This article aims to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the TAPP and TEP repair methods. Furthermore, we will compare these laparoscopic techniques with traditional open inguinal repairs and explore the role of robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repair.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kumar Hari Rajah
Department of Surgery, Taylor’s University School of Medicine and Health Science, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v10/6148

Malnutrition in Transition: Exploring the Coexistence of Under- and Overnutrition | Chapter 5 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

Malnutrition is one of the debilitating conditions that affects children and pregnant women, commonly seen in South Asian countries, with the prevalence of underweight and overweight being 28% and 17% respectively. It is an imbalance of vital nutrients, excessive or insufficient nutritional intake, or poor utilisation of nutrients. There is a high risk of being overweight or obese in adult life with the presence of childhood malnutrition, especially undernutrition and poor early nutrition, which is known as “double burden of malnutrition,” and commonly seen in low- and middle-income countries. It is complex and influenced by various biological, metabolic, and socio-environmental factors. It can lead to numerous health consequences, including metabolic diseases, non-communicable diseases, and chronic inflammation. In addition to these health consequences, it has a negative financial impact on society and the healthcare system. Diagnosis in the early stages is helpful using anthropometric measurements. Treatment and prevention strategies include mainly lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and physical therapy. It helps in dealing with various health-related complications and improves the quality of life.

 

Author(s) Details

Rutuben Bhavsar
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6077

Meckel’s Diverticulum: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Management, and Controversies | Chapter 7 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 

Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital gastrointestinal anomaly commonly seen in the pediatric age group. It can be divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic presentations, with the most common clinical presentation being gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and perforation. The diagnosis uses imaging modalities like ultrasound or computerised tomography, with the technetium 99 scan and angiography reserved for complicated presentations. Meckel’s diverticulum is treated by performing a diverticulectomy or resection, which can be performed as an open or laparoscopic procedure. The treatment of incidental Meckel’s diverticulum is controversial due to the absence of any management guidelines.

 

Author(s) Details

Kumar H.R.
Department of Surgery, Taylor’s University School of Medicine and Health Science, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v4/5891 

Rare Vascular Complication Leading to Leg Ischemia Post-Varicocelectomy |Chapter 2 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 1

 

Varicocelectomy is the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of male infertility. The causes of varicocele are multifactorial, but in the end, the result is a pathological dilatation of the veins draining the testicles. Many surgical approaches are used as each of them has advantages over the other and is preferred by surgeons. Vascular injury has never been reported as a complication of varicocelectomy apart from testicular artery injury. We present a 36-year-old male who developed leg ischemia post-varicocelectomy due to a common femoral artery injury. He was successfully treated by using a vein graft. In a literature review, over 5,000 patients pooled from 33 studies of varicocelectomy were evaluated. There were no vascular complications, and scrotal hematoma was very rare.

 

Author(s) Details

Abdullah M. Al-Wahbi
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Shaza Elmoukaied
Department of Surgery, Dr. S Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v1/1038

Association of Teenage Pregnancy with Increased Risk of Maternal and Neonatal Complications: An Overview | Chapter 9 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

The present study examines whether teenage pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications compared to adults through a systematic literature review to help clinicians in their actions before and during pregnancy in adolescents. Adolescent pregnancy is still a common occurrence, mostly in developing nations. Because it is associated with both obstetric and perinatal outcomes, maternal age is an important factor to consider while managing obstetric patients. A literature review to address the obstetric results of pregnancy in teenage mothers was conducted. Articles for the last 5 years in different databases including ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Teenager’, ‘Adolescent’, ‘Complications’, and ‘Outcomes’ as keywords were reviewed. A total of 2260 articles were obtained after the initial search, but only 28 met the inclusion criteria and were therefore reviewed. The outcomes were divided into complications of pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium, and neonatal complications. It was found that there is an association between young maternal age and preterm birth, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth, among others. The results of this review indicate that there is an association between young maternal age and low birth weight, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, anaemia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and premature rupture of membranes. For the newborn, it was found that outcomes such as low APGAR scores and admission to intensive care were more frequent in teenage mothers. It is assumed that the risk is greater when taking into account other aspects such as the socio-economic and cultural impact on adolescents or the weight of parenting, data that do not arise from our research but should be the object of further studies. Finally, it is recommended that future research addressing adolescent pregnancy could help better understand this phenomenon and its implications.

 

Author (s) Details

Paller L
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Feldman F
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Lauria W
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Rey G
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/11725F

 

A Retrospective Analysis of Lower Thoracic Spinal Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | Chapter 14 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

 

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is normally performed under general anaesthesia, but regional techniques have been found beneficial, usually in the management of patients with major medical problems. In the study group, following evidence that spinal anesthesia is safe compared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia has become the preferred technique for this procedure.

 

Aim: This retrospective study highlights laparoscopic cholecystectomy under thoracic spinal anesthesia.

 

Methods: A total of 505 laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients operated under spinal anesthesia were included in this study. Spinal anesthesia was between T8 to T11, with a 27G cutting point or pencil tip in lateral or sitting. Spinal anesthesia was performed with two doses of 0.5% bupivacaine hyperbaric plus 25 µg of fentanyl, until reaching the sensitive level of T3. The study evaluated the demographics, analgesia, and degree of motor block, incidence of paresthesia, bradycardia, hypotension, anesthesia success and neurological complications.

 

Results: All 505 patients developed spinal anesthesia. Neither the dose of hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine nor the addition of fentanyl affected the onset of sensory block. The duration of the sensory block was greater than the motor block with a hyperbaric solution. Bradycardia occurred in 16 (3.1%) patients and was not correlated with the level of thoracic puncture. Hypotension occurred in 82 (16.2%), with no significant association with the dose of local anesthetic. None of the 505 patients had the maximum degree of lower limb motor block, with significant differences in terms of dose. Paresthesia was observed in 28 (5.5%) without significant differences between needles. All paresthesias were transient and without residual sequelae. The creation of the pneumoperitoneum is an essential component of laparoscopic procedures. The insufflation of gas into the peritoneal cavity and increased intraabdominal pressure can cause several cardiocirculatory and pulmonary effects.

 

Conclusion: The beginning of the block is fast regardless of the solution used. By providing a sensory block of longer duration than the motor block hyperbaric bupivacaine is reflected in a better indication. Thoracic spinal anesthesia provides excellent anesthesia for lower limb orthopedic surgery, without neurological sequelae. TSA provides hemodynamic stability with low need for vasopressors, without the appearance of hypoxemia or hypercarbia, without the need for an orogastric tube, and moving from the operating table to the stretcher without assistance, and with excellent analgesia for up to 6 hours and can be used on an outpatient basis.

 

Author (s) Details

Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni
INCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

 

Marcos Fornasari
Hospital Rio Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

 

Raphael Sant’Anna
Unimed Hospital Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.

Geraldo Borges de Morais Filho
UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, Statistician of the Complexo Hospitalar Mangabeira, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/360

An Overview of the Knowledge and Awareness of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients about the Disease, Related Risk Factors, and Complications: A Literature Review | Chapter 9 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 5

 

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, healthcare utilization, and costs. The prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly, so knowledge and awareness are crucial for diabetes management, and self-management education is essential for successful treatment. However, knowledge of diabetes is often poor in developing countries. Illiteracy rates are higher in these countries compared to the developed countries, which contributes to lower knowledge and awareness of diabetes among diabetic patients.

 

Objectives: The objective of this study is to summarize peer-reviewed publications for a selected period (13 years) about patients' knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus type 2.

 

Methodology: A total of 13 articles were selected as cross-sectional studies or systemic reviews from literature review using three databases, namely Google Sholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate, and were published in 2011-2023.

 

Results: Most previous cross-sectional studies reported that educational interventions led to significant increases in participants’ knowledge of type 2 diabetes and high educational qualifications were significantly related to a better understanding of diabetes.

 

In a multivariate analysis, greater diabetes awareness, greater medication adherence and monotherapy use were significant factors in good glycemic control.

 

Other previous cross-sectional studies and systemic reviews indicated that most people with diabetes understand that lifestyle changes are necessary to treat diabetes. However, many also believe that diabetes can be permanently cured and that being overly healthy can lead to diabetes. Also, Lower frequency of HbA1c monitoring is significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Moreover, the results showed that people with diabetes may have poorer control if they have had diabetes for a longer duration.

 

Conclusion: The source of information obtained is used as a reference for knowledge and behavior formation. Providing education can be applied to increase patient knowledge about diabetic mellitus, risk factors, and complications.

 

Author (s) Details

Ali A. Alyahawi
Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, 21 September University, Yemen.

 

Mohammed AW. Almorish
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v5/1657

Managing Gall Bladder Perforation in the Setting of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy – Challenges and Clinical Insights | Chapter 7 | Newer Frontiers in Urology

The preferred treatment for patients with big and complex renal calculi is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Rarely, this surgery can result in visceral damage. Injuries from needle punctures are more likely to occur in a gall bladder (GB) which borders the kidney on the right side. A worse outcome is predicted by GB damage that results in peritonitis. A GB perforation case was described that followed an otherwise unremarkable PCNL and received prompt intraoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy treatment. The treating surgeon was alerted when the first puncture produced a straw-coloured, gelatinous aspirate. After PCNL, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. A bile leak and damage to the gall bladder were discovered. Cholecystectomy was performed electively. The postoperative period was uneventful other than a brief period of paralytic ileus. The patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital on the third postoperative day. Since early identification can avoid mortality associated with peritonitis and sepsis due to GB perforation during PCNL, it is imperative to be aware of this potentially fatal consequence and to have a high index of suspicion for prompt timely treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

Nakul Aher
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Subash Kaushik TG
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Velmurugan Palaniyandi
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Hariharasudhan Sekar
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-86-2/CH7

Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications by Unani Herbal Medicine - a Evidence Based Review | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the significant health issues of the modern era. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 415 million persons between the ages of 20 and 79 had diabetes in 2015. By 2030, there will be 552 million patients worldwide with a prevalence of 10.4%, up from 8.8%. Diabetes's long-term side effects include retinopathy, which can result in blindness. The most common cause of blindness in adults aged 20 to 74 is diabetic retinopathy. Various treatment approaches together can help control the illness so that a healthy life is led and complications are avoided. Nature has gifted us with an abundance of herbal cures for all human ailments. India possesses an abundant and limitless supply of medications derived from plants. There has been resurgence in the consumption and demand for medicinal plants. Numerous medications with anti-diabetic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and nootropic properties have been found in the Unani System of Medicine and are frequently prescribed by Unani physicians. Aqerqarha, Azaraqui, Beesh, Saadkofi, Balchhar, Darchini, Darhald, Post Kachnal, Asgand, Dammul Akhwain, Gurmar Booti, Tukhm Hayat, and Tukhme Khurfa are a few of them. Furthermore, a few well-known compound formulations are well-known, including Qurs-e-Gulnar, Qurs-e-Tabsheer, Safoof-e-Ziabetus, Qurs-e-Ziabetus, Habb-e-Azaraqui, Habb-e-Asabi, Kushta Zamarrad, etc. In an effort to lessen the burden of issues associated to diabetes, the purpose of this review paper is to investigate the hidden advantages of Unani medications according to their scientific specifications.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Nasar K.,
Department of General Medicine, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders (NRIUMSD), Hyderabad, TS, India.

Tabassum K.,
Department of OBG, Govt. Unani Medical College & Hospital Bangalore, KA, India.

Majeeda Begum,
Dr. Abdul Haq Unani Medical College Hospital, Kurnool, A.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13795

A Narrative Review Examining the Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention in Rational Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Patients | Chapter 4 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

The drastic changes regarding the growth in demand for pharmacists in healthcare and patient needs have been significant in parallel to the redefinition of the educational and professional responsibilities of pharmacists. Irrational use of antibiotics is one of the major problems for many developing countries and  the rapid growth of antibiotic resistance is widely acknowledged. Irrational practice of antibiotics comprises prescription of incorrect dose, duration, route of administration, and regimen frequency and are influenced by certain interrelated factors and drivers. The primary complications of irrational antibiotic use are antibiotic resistance with an increase in poorer health outcomes, increased healthcare costs, more extended hospitalization, and higher mortality, particularly in the pediatric population. WHO identified India as one of the top countries with higher rates of antibiotic resistance globally with proven reports of inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics resulting in increased incidence and the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The scope of clinical pharmacy delineates the promising use of antibiotics more rationally than ever. Clinical pharmacists are responsible for achieving goals by spreading awareness and educating about optimal drug use to govern pharmaceutical promotions at the hospital, subsequently progressing outcomes. The narrative review aimed to discuss major influencing factors and compilations associated with irrational antibiotic use, concerns in the pediatric population regarding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, and the contribution of clinical pharmacist intervention in addressing the global concern of irrational antibiotic use. Clinical pharmacist services can help to determine appropriate antibiotic dosing regimens in pediatric populations concerning physiological and anatomical changes.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Azeem,
Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraidah, Al Qaseem, KSA.

Pankaj Arora,
Lords University Alwar-Bhiwadi-Delhi Highway, Chikani, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.

Yousif Alosaily,
Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraidah, Al Qaseem, KSA.

Aifan Saad Alrsheedi,
Al Razi Medical Company Buraidah, Al Qaseem, KSA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V12/article/view/12969

Ferroptosis and the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 10 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 The research field of ferroptosis has happened enjoying exponential progress over the past few age, since the term was coined in 2012. This singular modality of container death, driven by iron-reliant phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by diversified cellular metabolic events, containing redox homeostasis, iron management, mitochondrial activity, and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, apart from numerous signaling pathways having to do with disease. Intriguingly, medicine-resistant cancer containers, particularly those of the mesenchymal state and dependent on something metastasis, are exquisitely ready to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of controlled programmed cell dying, has garnered meaningful attention in the past ten of something. It is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and after damage to cellular membranes, that is dependent on iron. Under iron-rich and ROS conditions, phospholipids holding polyunsaturated fatty acids in the container membranes are prone to peroxidation, resulting in the unending accumulation of lipid peroxidation commodity. These products eventually upset cell sheet integrity and induce container death. Ferroptosis has been involved in the pathogenesis of various ailments, including tumors and diabetes mellitus. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has singular advantages in forbiding and treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to allure anti-angering, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and intestinal flora-managing functions. Recent studies have determined that TCM may apply therapeutic belongings on T2DM and its complications by modulating the ferroptosis-accompanying pathways. Therefore, a comprehensive and orderly understanding of the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and TCM treatment of T2DM is of excellent significance for evolving therapeutic drugs for T2DM and enriching the range of effective T2DM situation with TCM. In this review, we review the concept, method, and regulatory pathways of ferroptosis and the ferroptosis mechanism of operation involved in the incident of T2DM. Also, we develop a search strategy, organize strict addition and exclusion criteria, and recap and analyze the use of the ferroptosis mechanism in TCM studies related to T2DM and allure complications. Finally, we explain the shortcomings of current studies and propose a future research focus.

Author(s) Details:

Dandan Xie,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China and Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.

Kai Li,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.

Ruxue Feng,
Department of Stomatology, Geriatric Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.

Man Xiao,
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.

Zhifeng Sheng,
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China.

Yiqiang Xie,
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V7/article/view/12174

A 5-Year Review of Abdominal Myomectomy and Its Outcome in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 12

 Background: Uterine Fibroids, as known or named at another time or place Leiomyoma, are the commonest mild tumors Of the uterus. Treatment of uterine fibroids could be conservative administration, Medical treatment, surgical treatment and radiological situation.The surgical treatment maybe Hysterectomy, Myomectomy (abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopical) This item is aimed at emphasize the commonest surgical treatment of uterine stringy in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. (RSUTH) and certain effects or sequelae associated with these surgeries.It is a prevailing surgical option for daughters who wish to preserve their uterus and those believing to have more children.Methods: This was a backward-looking cross-sectional study of all intestinal myomectomies done in this RSUTH middle from two points January 2017 to December 2021. The data collected were analysed utilizing SPSS version 20 subsequently a review of the theatre register, induced sleep charts, patient case notes, and the gynaecological district records.Results: A total of 540 women had surgery for uterine fibroids. Of accepted complications were turmoil, massive intraoperative haemorrhage (>1.5L), stomach obstruction (quadriplegic ileus), iatrogenic bowel injury and anaesthetic difficulties. No death was written.Conclusion: One of the most standard treatments for indicative uterine fibroids is abdominal myomectomy. Despite the possibility of main perioperative difficulties, the results are usually positive. Therefore, the correct safety measures bear be implemented to reduce these issues.

Author(s) Details:

Iwo-Amah Rose Sitonma,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Altraide Basil Omiebi,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Kwosah Joseph Ngozi,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Amadi Chijioke Simeon,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

John H. Dickson,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Jumbo Awopola,
Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V12/article/view/9673a

Surgical Complications of Pica Syndrome: A Case Series | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

An overdone or abnormal desire to expend a non-nutritional substance, that may be relatively harmless or potentially ruinous to one's energy, is a defining characteristic of the Pica syndrome, an bulimarexia. It is a rare pain brought on by the development of various instinctive foreign fabrics in the digestive tract, particularly at the stomach level. The most prevalent localisation is gastrointestinal, and it can persist for a lengthened time without syndromes.Many theories about the study of animal of Pica syndrome are known: subjective (acquired behavior), material (stressful events, a abandoned social atmosphere), sensory (mechanical strengthening) and nutritional required (iron and zinc).The process is surgical. We present three cases with digestive Pica syndrome difficulties. The first patient underwent enucleation for a gastrointestinal perforation brought on by ingesting 53 nails, a attach, and tape recorder cartridge bands, the second patient had surgery for a trichobezoar, and the final patient had a subocclusion made by chunks of granite.

Author(s) Details:

A. Doumbia,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Y. Coulibaly,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

I. Amadou,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

M. Keita,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

O. Coulibali,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

B. Kamaté,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

M. K. Djiré,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Y. M. Coulibaly,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

S. Camara,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

H. Diall,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

B. Maiga,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

D. Konaté,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

K. Sacko,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V1/article/view/9621

Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 5

 The aim concerning this chapter search out evaluate the QoL of patients accompanying Diabetes Mellitus.This observational, anticipated study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2021 in Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India.Patients of either sexuality with 1year past of diabetes willing to give the consent were contained in the study. Blood glucose levels (FBS, PPBS) and HbA1C were also calculated and analysed. The patients were likely the QOLID questionnaire, which contained 34 items delineating eight domains to a degree Role limitation due to tangible health (RLPH), Physical continuity (PE), General health (GH), Treatment vindication (TS), Symptom botherness (SB), Financial worries (FW), Emotional/Mental health (E/MH), and Diet delight (DS).The study included 200 patients, 108 (54%) of that were males and 92 (46%) of that were females. The cases' average age was 58.5 years, with the adulthood being between the ages of 51 and 70 (73.5%). Patients the one were older and women had lower QoL than others. The equating between various unconditional variables with that of scores of QoL in miscellaneous domains was evaluated, Age of the patients influenced QoL score in miscellaneous domains like RLPH (p profit-0.038), PE (p value-0.0183), and SB (p worth-0.0002), Gender influenced Q0L score in domains like RLPH (p worth-0.0008), PE (p value-0.0106), TS (p advantage-0.0005) and Educational Qualification influenced QOL score in RLPH (p profit-0.0008),GH (p value-<0.0001), TS (p worth-<0.0001), E/MH (p value-<0.0001).The findings decided that overall QoL was noticeably reduced in diabetic patients, specifically women and the elderly, displaying that diabetes management is not restricted to treatment but again needs attention to patient QoL.

Author(s) Details:

P. Amulya Reddy,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar–608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

K. Saravanan,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar–608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Madhukar,
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, MRM College of Pharmacy, Bongloor, 501510, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V5/article/view/9457

Modifications of Local Anesthesia for Dental Procedures in Medically Compromised Patients: A Review| Chapter 5 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 The connection of local anesthetic, the vasoconstrictor working in it, and the patient's health has long been examined, examined, and changed. The number of issues connected to the aforementioned traits has expanded in addition to medical and dental practices. The habit of local anesthetic agents and the vasoconstrictors working with bureaucracy in dental practice is reviewed here concerning the medically challenged subjects' circumstances.

Author(s) Details:

Upasana Mohapatra,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, India.

Susant Mohanty,
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, India.

Ramesh Nagarajappa,
Dhruva Dental Care, Kasavanahalli, Bangalore - 560035, Karnataka, India.

Dharmashree Satyarup,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, India.

Sailaja Panda,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneshwar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V10/article/view/8865

Current Trends and Complications of Corneal Collagen Cross Linking in Keratoconus | Chapter 3 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 5

 

Evaluation of the safety profile and existing Corneal Cross Linking methods.

Methods: The well-established method of collagen cross-linking (CXL) can stop the growth of keratoconus. In all currently in use techniques, riboflavin instillation is followed by ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation. Currently, epithelium on and epithelium off procedures, as well as accelerated approaches using different doses of irradiation, are used in clinical practice. Each approach has resulted in some reported difficulties.

In summary, the multiplicity of CXL regimens gives clinicians the flexibility to treat each patient uniquely. Both early and late difficulties need to be handled right away.

Author(s) Details:

Atzamoglou Spyridon,
Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Sina 2, 10672, Athens, Greece.

Kontomichos Loukas,
Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Sina 2, 10672, Athens, Greece.

Parikakis Efstratios,
Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Sina 2, 10672, Athens, Greece.

Peponis Vasileios,
Ophthalmiatrion Athinon, Sina 2, 10672, Athens, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V5/article/view/7651

Assessing the Clinical Profile of Malaria and It’s Complications in Magadh Zone of Bihar, India | Chapter 10 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

The goal of the current study was to assess the clinical profile and its complications that aid in early malaria recognition and prompt treatment, thereby lowering morbidity and mortality.

One of the most frequent causes of fever and other associated human misery is still malaria. It continues to be a significant burden for tropical nations despite ongoing prevention initiatives. Despite being nearly eradicated from many nations, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and Russia, malaria has recently presented new challenges in terms of changing clinical profiles and management, particularly p. vivax infection, which is frequently found to cause severe malaria and, contrary to popular belief, defies early detection and timely antimalarial medication.

From the indoor and outdoor sections of the Magadh Medical College Hospital in Gaya, a total of 96 patients were enrolled. Rapid testing and a peripheral blood smear examination are used to identify malaria. A comprehensive clinical examination was conducted, and both regular and specialised lab tests were run. Current clinical features were also documented. A thorough examination was done, the right therapy was given, and frequent follow-up was done. Serious malaria was defined according to WHO standards.

54 percent were infected with vivax, 47 percent with P. falciparum, and 9 percent with mixed illness. More than 30% of individuals exhibited atypical clinical characteristics, 8.6% showed warning signals, and 31% experienced severe malaria. In contrast to common belief, P. vivax also experienced problems.

Early diagnosis is the key to reducing morbidity and death. Typical but deceptive clinical symptoms include cough, severe headache, severe myalgia, diarrhoea, stomach pain, severe arthralgia, oliguria, and malena. Unusual symptoms were seen in a large majority of the individuals in this group.

In India, different regions have different rates of malaria as well as different ratios of p. vivax and p. falciparum. P. vivax is the dominating species in the Magadh zone of Bihar. Malaria is still a significant problem for public health. P vivax's altered clinical profile and increased pathogenicity have drawn attention. Understanding these traits enables early detection and improves results.

Author (s) Details:

Pramod Kumar Sinha,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College Hospital , Gaya-823001 (Bihar), India.

S. N. Singh,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Medical College Hospital, Gaya, (Bihar), India.

Deo Chaudhary,
Department of Medicine, Anugrah Narayan Medical College Hospital, Gaya, (Bihar), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7430 

Conduction Disturbances and Permanent Cardiac Pacing after Transcatheter Aortic Implantation (TAVI) - An Update Overview | Chapter 15 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3

 Aortic valve replacement is a common treatment with a low risk of complications. In some circumstances, the surgery is contraindicated due to high mortality. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation appears to be a viable option for lowering morbidity and mortality. A bioprosthetic valve is inserted through a catheter and placed within the wounded native aortic valve in this technique. Despite the fact that the treatment is considered quite safe, there are risks of complications that have been identified by persons following the procedure, such as new-onset permanent left bundle branch block (LBBB) and the requirement for permanent cardiac pacing. A systematic evaluation of PUBMED literature was conducted using the criteria "10 years" and "free complete texts," with the terms "TAVI," "pacing," and "complications" as search terms, yielding a total of eight articles. Other databases were used to provide context, consistency, and depth to the text, including SCIELO, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. Aortic valve prosthesis implantation by catheter appears to be a viable option for individuals with aortic stenosis who are at high surgical risk. The findings of this group of patients imply that the necessity for a permanent pacemaker following endovascular therapy is not inevitable and is not easily anticipated by the risk variables discussed thus far. TAVI is the preferred procedure since it is both feasible and safe. Conduction issues are common because the valve prosthesis is implanted close to key septal cardiac structures, necessitating careful monitoring for at least seven days after the procedure. There is a lack of consensus and a lot of variation in the therapy of conduction abnormalities after TAVR. Future research is needed to evaluate the suggested approach and determine the significance of EP studies, ambulatory continuous ECG monitoring, and a prophylactic pacemaker in the treatment of post-TAVR conduction disturbances.

Author (S) Details

Antonio da Silva Menezes Junior
Federal University of Goiás and Pontificial Catholic University of Goiás, Medicine School, Brazil.

Marcelo de Freitas Ribeiro
Medical Student at Pontificial Catholic University of Goiás, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V3/article/view/3309