Rising Obesity in India: Challenges in Achieving Nutrition-related SDGs | Chapter 7 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 4

 

India bears a disproportionate share of the world’s malnutrition burden. Alongside continuing undernutrition and micronutrient gaps, a rapidly rising epidemic of overweight and obesity is making progress toward SDG-2 difficult. NFHS-5 (2019–21) reports that 24% of women, 23% of men and 3.4% of children under five are overweight or obese. Once concentrated in high-income countries, obesity is now escalating in low- and middle-income countries as well; globally, the share of 5–19-year-olds with obesity grew from 7% to 16% between 1990 and 2022, while adult obesity rose from 2% to 8% over the same period. Projections suggest that by 2050, India could be among the nations with the largest absolute numbers of people living with obesity, which will intensify the risk of non-communicable disease (NCD) and slow progress toward SDG-3. The consequences of obesity in terms of morbidity, disability and premature mortality contribute substantially to the overall disease burden. This surge reflects an interplay of socio-economic, cultural and environmental forces such as rapid urbanisation; rising incomes and increasingly sedentary, screen-centric work; a dietary shift toward aggressively marketed, ultra-processed, calorie-dense foods; and digital platforms that enable effortless, frequent access to high-calorie meals. Despite flagship efforts such as Poshan Abhiyaan, Fit India, and Eat Right India, the problem of overnutrition remains insufficiently addressed. A comprehensive, multi-sector response is needed. Priority actions include fiscal and regulatory measures (higher taxes on high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar foods and subsidies for fruits, vegetables and whole grains), clear front-of-pack nutrition labels, restrictions on unhealthy food marketing, especially targeting children and healthier food environments in schools, workplaces and public institutions. Urban planning that supports active living, women-centred health initiatives, community nutrition literacy and the revitalisation of diverse traditional food systems can further shift demand toward healthier choices. A coordinated, evidence-led approach is essential to protect India’s demographic dividend, curb the NCD surge and achieve SDG-aligned, sustainable nutrition outcomes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rekha Sharma
Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

 

Deepali Sharma
Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v4/6373

Malnutrition in Transition: Exploring the Coexistence of Under- and Overnutrition | Chapter 5 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

Malnutrition is one of the debilitating conditions that affects children and pregnant women, commonly seen in South Asian countries, with the prevalence of underweight and overweight being 28% and 17% respectively. It is an imbalance of vital nutrients, excessive or insufficient nutritional intake, or poor utilisation of nutrients. There is a high risk of being overweight or obese in adult life with the presence of childhood malnutrition, especially undernutrition and poor early nutrition, which is known as “double burden of malnutrition,” and commonly seen in low- and middle-income countries. It is complex and influenced by various biological, metabolic, and socio-environmental factors. It can lead to numerous health consequences, including metabolic diseases, non-communicable diseases, and chronic inflammation. In addition to these health consequences, it has a negative financial impact on society and the healthcare system. Diagnosis in the early stages is helpful using anthropometric measurements. Treatment and prevention strategies include mainly lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and physical therapy. It helps in dealing with various health-related complications and improves the quality of life.

 

Author(s) Details

Rutuben Bhavsar
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6077

Glucocorticoid Ablation Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Improves Glucose Tolerance in the Obese LA/Ntul//-cp RAT | Chapter 10 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The counterregulatory belongings of glucocorticoids and insulin that commonly happen in obesity result in the growth of insulin resistance and injured glycemic responses to dietary carbohydrates. Two together adipose fabric and skeletal power are dependent on insulin actions to cause success glucose rude answer, and the combined hormonal effects enhance disordered processes of minimum energy requirement in insulin dependent tissues that mainly correspond to the magnitude of insulin fighting. To determine the belongings of glucocorticoid inhibition on usual insulin-mediated glycemic processes in obese rats, groups (n=6 -12 rats/phenotype) of usually reared durability-prone congenic lean and obese mammals were fed a Purina food diet from 6 to 9 weeks of age, and overfill with the Chow diet plus a very palatable restaurant diet from 9 to 12 weeks of age. The congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rat strain articulates the obese characteristic soon after detaching but remains glucose prejudiced but non-diabetic thereafter. Subgroups of corpulent animals were subjected to reciprocal adrenalectomy (ADX) at 6 weeks of age to away glucocorticoid contributions to glycemic limits. At 6, 9, and 12 weeks of age, each treatment group realized weight gain (WG) and sweet liquid tolerance (OGT). At 6 and 9 weeks of age on the food diet, WG on ADX-obese rats was equivalent to that of their lean littermates, but was doubly that of their lean littermates from 9 to 12 weeks of age. following 30 to 60 record, OGT responses and the area under the OGT curve were injured but not diabetic in obese mammals of all ages, and reverted to those of lean rats following ADX. At 12 weeks of age, the insulin to sweet liquid ratio (I:G) was logical with insulin opposition in obese rats but not in ADX-obesity or lean rats. At 9 and 12 weeks adult, ADX led to the normalization of OGT and glycemic indications in the obese phenotype. These verdicts support normalizationof typical insulin-mediated parts of glycemic parameters and sweet substance uptake in peripheral tissues following glucocorticoid devaluation due to use of congenic obese rats, and plan that the counterregulatory effects of insulin and glucocorticoid hormones can be contributory to the impaired glycemic reactions in the obese phenotype of the LA/N//-cp (fat) rat and are consistent accompanying a receptor-mediated aspect in the development of insulin fighting and glucose uptake in minor tissues commonly guide the early development of obesity in this place strain.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, BWI, University of Health and Humanities, Virgin (BVI) and the Einstein Medical Institute, Florida USA.

Aftab R. Awan,
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, BWI, University of Health and Humanities, Virgin (BVI) and the Einstein Medical Institute, Florida USA.

George P. Einstein,
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, BWI, University of Health and Humanities, Virgin (BVI) and the Einstein Medical Institute, Florida USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V2/article/view/10628