The Journey of Herpes Zoster from Myths towards Facts......!! | Chapter 11 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute highly contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In India, there is a paucity of population-based studies and data on herpes zoster in reporting herpes zoster cases. Several shreds of evidence reflect that the disease causes a burden on population health in India. Besides several known risk factors, myths, lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards treating this infection may affect the quality of life and disease burden. Imparting knowledge, awareness regarding myths and misconceptions, and early approaches for treatment can help prevent disease and complications in the population. The study aims to evaluate the impact of herpes zoster infection awareness programs on myths, knowledge, and practices among the rural population.

Methods: This study is an interventional study that was conducted over 4 months (July to October 2023) in the rural population of western Maharashtra and Families of adopted villages by D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur from the rural field practice area of the medical college. Our study variables were myths about herpes zoster infection, knowledge about herpes zoster infection, and attitudes and practices towards the treatment of herpes zoster infection to evaluate the impact of the health awareness program on it.

Results: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as the positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. For example, this study showed an improvement in the knowledge of the participants after implementing an awareness program. This study showed that after the awareness program, 91.30% of people learned it is a viral disease, and 85.34% learned that it is not a superstitious thing.

Conclusions: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. To change the attitude and clear the myths need more effort and faith with more conversation, more visits, interactive sessions, more trained, competent, and confident students, volunteers, and community support for a better and more effective impact of this awareness program.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Sagar Goyal
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Akshay Salgar
Department of Surgery, LTMGH, and TMMC, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Gayatri G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Sheetal .
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi(Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Ganesh P. Dhavalshankh
Department of Dermatology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Archana G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/7904C

Assessment of Human Papillomavirus and HPV Vaccines in West Africa: Literature Review | Chapter 3 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Human Papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted aetiologic agent causing cervical carcinoma. It is the second most common cause of female cancer. Concerned about the prevalence and mortality associated with HPV and cervical cancer, the World Health Organisation (WHO) made a passionate appeal in 2020 on the necessity and urgency of eliminating cervical cancer and made it a top priority public health issue and hoped to achieve success through cervical screening, case management, and HPV vaccination as a primary preventive strategy globally. Human Papillomavirus vaccination is a novel primary prevention initiative aimed at reducing the prevalence of cervical cancer globally. For this altruistic effort to succeed, it is imperative to determine the knowledge and willingness of parents to present their adolescent girls for vaccination before they become sexually active.

 

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to evaluate the degree of knowledge and perception of the aetiologic factors of cancer of the cervix and the attitude of people to the HPV vaccine in West Africa.

 

Methods: A systematic computerised search was conducted across four databases. The review included peer-reviewed English-language studies published between 2018 and 2023.

 

Findings: Some of the papers reviewed showed poor knowledge, awareness of HPV and cervical cancer, and a poor attitude towards HPV vaccination, while a few participants in some studies showed a fair understanding of HPV and cervical cancer and were interested in accepting the HPV vaccine. However, there were barriers against a sizable uptake of the HPV vaccine in West Africa. Some of the militating factors against a high uptake of the HPV vaccines found were people’s poor health-seeking behaviours, poor enlightenment about HPV on the part of the sub-regional governments about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine, exorbitant cost of the vaccine and the unwillingness of parents to allow their eligible adolescents obtain the HPV vaccine in West Africa which were related to their cultural beliefs and poor knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer. However, some of the results were confounded from region to region.

 

Conclusion: Poor knowledge and lack of awareness of what the aetiologic factors of cervical cancer are, and the poor health-seeking attitudes of people in the West African subregion are the harbingers of the increasing prevalence of cervical carcinoma in the region. Rigorous health education and enlightenment campaigns are urgently needed to inform and help people make informed decisions about the HPV vaccine and increase its uptake by adolescents. So, cultural beliefs, parents’ knowledge, and vaccine recipients’ knowledge about HPV and its many pa- pathologies and barriers, which may militate against a sizable vaccine uptake, have to be taken into consideration before an effective vaccination programme can succeed in West Africa. The study’s limitations include heterogeneity in findings and focus on only two countries, highlighting the need for broader, more representative research.

 

Author(s) Details

Foluso Bamidele Afelumo
Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v7/6516

 

Smokers' Awareness of the Effects of Smoking on Oral Health at the Military Dental Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan | Chapter 1 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 

Background: Smoking remains a highly prevalent addiction in many populations worldwide despite the increasing awareness of its harmful effects on general health. Smoking is considered a risk factor for the initiation and progression of oral and periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases affect the quality of life of patients by affecting the function and appearance of their dentition.

 

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of smokers about the effects of smoking on periodontal and oral health.

 

Methods: A descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among male smokers at the Military Dental Hospital in Omdurman, Sudan. A pretested and revised self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from study participants. Demographic data, such as age, occupation and educational level, were recorded. Factors related to smoking awareness, the effect of the number of cigarettes and the duration of smoking on oral periodontal health and the oral symptoms (complaints) associated with smoking were also assessed. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23, and the results were presented as frequencies and proportions.

 

Results: A total of 385 smoking males, with a mean age of 27.8, participated in this study. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 10 cigarettes, and the mean duration since starting smoking was 8 years. The majority of smokers (85.5%) were not aware of the effect of the number of cigarettes on periodontal and oral health. Also, 93 % of them were not aware of the effects of the duration of smoking on oral and periodontal health. Among the participants, 63% of smokers complained of color change of oral mucosa, 35% about staining of the teeth, 19.2% of bad breath and 17% delay in wound healing (with statistically significant difference at p-vale <0.01) More than half (58.20%) of smokers were aware that smoking could cause oral cancer and 76.10% held favorable attitudes toward smoking (i.e., they believed “smoking was cool”). Most of the study participants (89.10 %) didn’t receive adequate information about the risk of smoking on their health from their dentists, and 88.60% of them didn’t hear about Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRTs).

 

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a high percentage of smokers were not aware of the harmful effects of smoking on oral and periodontal health. This study recommends increasing awareness among smokers through advertisements, audiovisual aids, and print media to show the benefits of smoking cessation for oral and systemic health.

 

Author(s) Details

Dalia Ahmed Gasm El Seed
Periodontics Department, Napata College, Program of Dentistry, Sudan.

 

Malaz Yahya Abd Al-Kreem
Faculty of Dentistry, Karary University, Omdurma, Sudan.

 

Abeer Hussein Al-Bushra
Faculty of Dentistry, Karary University, Omdurma, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/5823

Assessing Community Knowledge and Practices Regarding Dengue Fever in an Urban Slum Area of South India: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 9 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 8

 

Dengue infection is increasingly recognized as one of the world’s emerging infectious diseases. Dengue/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an emergent disease in India. The present study was carried out with the aim of assessing knowledge regarding Dengue fever among the community in an urban slum area of Andhra Pradesh. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in an urban slum area of Urban Health Centre, Guntur, which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken in an urban slum area of UHC, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Out of 370 respondents, 291(78.65%) knew that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes. Only 38(10.27%) persons could enumerate 3 symptoms of Dengue (fever, headache and bleeding). Regarding knowledge about breeding places, only 276 (74.59%) respondents knew about breeding places of mosquitoes. Regarding the source of information on Dengue fever, 191 (51.62%) came to know about Dengue fever through television. ). In the case of personal protection against mosquito bites, 274 (74.05%) respondents were relying upon Mats/coils and 63 (17.03%) were using bed nets. Despite good awareness of dengue fever, the adoption of mosquito control methods was poor in the area. Strengthening surveillance along with health education to the community and proper training of health personnel can go a long way in control of Dengue infection.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Keerti S. Jogdand

Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.)-480001, India.

Pravin N. Yerpude

Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.)-480001, India.

 

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v8/954

Community Awareness on Locating Building Construction Proximity to Highways: Evidence from Bonga and Kibaigwa Wards | Chapter 13 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 3

 

Although construction of houses in developing countries depends solely on a self-help approach, little has been done to understand the extent to which community members are aware of the construction standards and factors pushing them to construct houses in proximity to highways. This study sought to examine the community members’ awareness of the conditions required for housing construction and factors pushing community members to construct houses close to highways.

 

Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed, focusing on access to land for housing construction, community awareness of the conditions to be adhered to before constructing a building, distance of the existing buildings from the centre of the highway and reasons for building houses in proximity to highways in Bonga and Kibaigwa wards. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis.

 

The study revealed that 37.2% of the respondents accessed land through purchasing, and a few were given by their friends and relatives. About 88.4% and 85.7% in Bonga and Kibaigwa, respectively, were found within 50m distance from the centre of the highway. The study demonstrated that the majority of the respondents, 81.4% and 91.8% in Bonga and Kibaigwa wards, respectively, were not aware of the conditions to be adhered to before constructing a building. However, only a small fraction, that is, 7 % and 6.1 % in Bonga and Kibaigwa, respectively, showed to have knowledge of the conditions required for house construction. Several reasons were noted for constructing houses in proximity to highways. These included eviction during road construction, social networking, allocated by the district council, easy access to services and land market forces. The study concludes that conditions necessary for housing construction are not explicit to the majority of community members, thus the study underscores the need for the local government authority to create awareness and enforce conditions necessary for building construction.

 

 

 

Author(s) Details Helene Stephene Francis

Department of Environmental Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania.

 

Gerald Sebastian Temu
Department of Environmental Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania.

 

Israel B. Katega
Department of Environmental Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v3/5873

 

An Overview of the Knowledge and Awareness of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients about the Disease, Related Risk Factors, and Complications: A Literature Review | Chapter 9 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 5

 

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, healthcare utilization, and costs. The prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly, so knowledge and awareness are crucial for diabetes management, and self-management education is essential for successful treatment. However, knowledge of diabetes is often poor in developing countries. Illiteracy rates are higher in these countries compared to the developed countries, which contributes to lower knowledge and awareness of diabetes among diabetic patients.

 

Objectives: The objective of this study is to summarize peer-reviewed publications for a selected period (13 years) about patients' knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus type 2.

 

Methodology: A total of 13 articles were selected as cross-sectional studies or systemic reviews from literature review using three databases, namely Google Sholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate, and were published in 2011-2023.

 

Results: Most previous cross-sectional studies reported that educational interventions led to significant increases in participants’ knowledge of type 2 diabetes and high educational qualifications were significantly related to a better understanding of diabetes.

 

In a multivariate analysis, greater diabetes awareness, greater medication adherence and monotherapy use were significant factors in good glycemic control.

 

Other previous cross-sectional studies and systemic reviews indicated that most people with diabetes understand that lifestyle changes are necessary to treat diabetes. However, many also believe that diabetes can be permanently cured and that being overly healthy can lead to diabetes. Also, Lower frequency of HbA1c monitoring is significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Moreover, the results showed that people with diabetes may have poorer control if they have had diabetes for a longer duration.

 

Conclusion: The source of information obtained is used as a reference for knowledge and behavior formation. Providing education can be applied to increase patient knowledge about diabetic mellitus, risk factors, and complications.

 

Author (s) Details

Ali A. Alyahawi
Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, 21 September University, Yemen.

 

Mohammed AW. Almorish
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v5/1657

Effect of Location on Flood Mitigation Practices in Niger Delta: The Case of Forcados Basin | Chapter 4 Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 1

Floods are natural disasters that have been affecting human lives since time immemorial. Space perception and locational decisions affect the adoption of flood hazard mitigation in vulnerable areas. In the Forcados Basin of the Niger Delta region, the floodplain dwellers’ choice of mitigation measures is a function of a complex process involving several variables. The aim of this study is to investigate the residents’ awareness and adoption of flood mitigation measures in the Forcados Basin of the Niger Delta region. The nature of data evaluated in this study includes the locational addresses of residences adopting flood recovery measures (financial assistance, health and shelter programmes); structural measures (protecting against flood and modifying flooding) and non-structural measures (emergency response and flood preparedness). These data sets were collected from purposively selected communities prone to flooding, such as Patani, Sagbama, Bomadi and Ekeremor. Four hundred respondents participated in the study. The spatial distributions of floodplain dwellers’ residences were investigated in terms of their proximity and exposure to the hazard vis-à-vis information on the adjustments made. About 95% of the respondents indicated a very high level of awareness of flooding a

Please see the book here:-nd flooding mitigation in the area. On the adoption of flood hazards mitigation measures, it was observed that, besides engineering structures, little is known about non-structural measures in the Forcados Basin. Regarding the rate of adoption of flood mitigation measures, the adoption of evacuation and planning measures decreased with distance from the 100-year floodplain, while flood-proofing increased outside the designated flood zones. The residents in very vulnerable areas in the basin responded spontaneously and resolved to immediate evacuation in the face of flooding. The results of the study suggest that the adoption of flood mitigation measures require little planning and are highly related to location in the Forcados Basin.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tano Dumoyei Agusomu
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

 

Horsfall Digieneni Eli
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v1/5409

Awareness of Cancer among Adults in a Rural Health Field Practice Area: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Medical College | Chapter 7 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 1

Background: India has many factors such as an aging population with poor awareness, increased disparity due to varied economic conditions, and environmental influences leading to higher incidence and mortality rates of cancer. The present study was planned with the objective of assessing the awareness of cancer among villagers and the factors associated with awareness of cancer.

Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out for a period of 1 year in 20 villages of Devarayasamudra where cancer awareness was assessed using a pretested questionnaire. The sample size was calculated based on a pilot study. Individuals above 18 years were included in the study and participants who were already diagnosed from cancer or family members suffering from cancer were excluded from the study. Data was entered in an Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS V 22. Descriptive statistics were applied, and to assess differences, t-tests and ANOVA were used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of 425 villagers who took part in the study, 66.4% belonged to the nuclear family and 31.1% belonged to the joint family as per BG Prasad Classification 2024. Comparing the awareness scores among the villagers, those who were aged 61 years and above, those belonging to joint family, Class I Bramha Govind Prasad classification 2024 and graduates had higher awareness scores with statistically significant p-value.

Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that awareness regarding cancer is poor among villagers and there is an immediate need for strengthening awareness initiatives regarding causation of cancers, risk factors of cancer, early detection and prevention. Only Information education and communication (IEC) activities close the gaps between the providers and beneficiary which in turn, leads to decreased mortality and drastic improvement in survival rates even at advanced stages of cancer. The present study recommends adding more cancer awareness sessions to be held at primary health centers, Anganwadi centers and health wellness centers where villagers access their health care. 

 

Author (s) Details

Sudhakar.S
Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, India.

 

Pradeep.T.S
Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v1/3230

Enhancing Breast Cancer Awareness and Self-Examination Skills among Young Women: Impact of Educational Workshops | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: The most prevalent cancer in the world is breast cancer, a form of cancer in women; its incidence is rising in a number of nations. Breast self-examination is a basic and straightforward method for women to discover breast changes. Early detection of this malignant disease whether by monthly self-examination, annual mammography or BRCA testing, has a crucial role in treatment effectiveness which is considered typically a multimodal approach.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of breast cancer awareness workshops on female students. We evaluated the participants' breast cancer knowledge and breast self-examination skills prior to and following the workshop using a set of questionnaires developed for the study.

Methodology: We conducted a quasi-experimental study. We assessed the participants' understanding of breast cancer and their proficiency in performing breast self-examinations (BSE) prior to and following the workshop using a collection of surveys specifically designed for the study.

Results: This study of 200 female medical students found mixed initial awareness of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, with significant improvements post-workshop. Knowledge of symptoms like lumps and risk factors such as age, obesity, and high-fat diets increased notably. Attitudes toward breast self-examination also improved after educational intervention.

Conclusion: The implementation of public awareness strategies is crucial to overcoming the growing burden of breast cancer. Based on the research's results, we believe that private and public schools in Al-Madina should provide regular workshops in regard to breast self-examination and breast cancer for female students for the purpose of expanding their understanding, confidence, and ability to teach other females about early diagnosis of breast cancer.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Faris M. Almahdi
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Sara M. Altom
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Eman A Eysawi
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Asma A. Alharbi
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Raga Ibrahim
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Zainab A. AL-Bashir
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Nafisa M. Al-Shameri
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Huda E. Barakat
Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Lina A. Salim
Department of Anesthesia, College of Medical Sciences, Alrayan Colleges, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v6/3203

The Journey of Herpes Zoster from Myths towards Facts......!! | Chapter 11 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute highly contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In India, there is a paucity of population-based studies and data on herpes zoster in reporting herpes zoster cases. Several shreds of evidence reflect that the disease causes a burden on population health in India. Besides several known risk factors, myths, lack of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards treating this infection may affect the quality of life and disease burden. Imparting knowledge, awareness regarding myths and misconceptions, and early approaches for treatment can help prevent disease and complications in the population. The study aims to evaluate the impact of herpes zoster infection awareness programs on myths, knowledge, and practices among the rural population.

Methods: This study is an interventional study that was conducted over 4 months (July to October 2023) in the rural population of western Maharashtra and Families of adopted villages by D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur from the rural field practice area of the medical college. Our study variables were myths about herpes zoster infection, knowledge about herpes zoster infection, and attitudes and practices towards the treatment of herpes zoster infection to evaluate the impact of the health awareness program on it.

Results: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as the positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. For example, this study showed an improvement in the knowledge of the participants after implementing an awareness program. This study showed that after the awareness program, 91.30% of people learned it is a viral disease, and 85.34% learned that it is not a superstitious thing.

Conclusions: The awareness program which was the intervention in this study, was effective in increasing the awareness about myths and knowledge about herpes zoster infection as well as positive impact related to treatment practices for herpes zoster infection among the rural population in the adapted villages in western Maharashtra. To change the attitude and clear the myths, need more effort and faith with more conversation, more visits, interactive sessions, more trained, competent, and confident students, volunteers, and community support for a better and more effective impact of this awareness program.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Sagar Goyal
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Akshay Salgar
Department of Surgery, LTMGH, and TMMC, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Gayatri G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Sheetal .
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi(Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ganesh P. Dhavalshankh
Department of Dermatology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Archana G. Dhavalshankh
Department of Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/7904C

Assessing the Knowledge of HIV among Engineering College Students and their Attitude toward People Living with HIV | Chapter 2 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 3

 

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of HIV among engineering college students and their attitude toward people living with HIV.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a serious worldwide public health issue that arises from a retrovirus that infects immune system cells in humans, either killing or severely weakening them. The patient exhibits no symptoms in the early stages of the infection. HIV can spread through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated needle exchanges, contaminated blood transfusions, and mother-child transmission. In 2022, globally, 39 million people are living with HIV and 630000 people died from HIV-related causes. The total number of people living with HIV in India is estimated at 24.01 lakh people in 2021.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among college students from engineering colleges in Pondicherry from April 2018 to September 2018. The selection of study subjects was done using simple random sampling. After getting informed consent from the individuals a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered. Data were entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed as proportions.

Results: The majority of the students, about 92.4% had heard about HIV/AIDS, and about 92.4% of the participants were aware that HIV can spread through body fluids such as blood, sexual contact, and urine. More than half 52.7% of students are aware that migrant workers, lorry drivers, and commercial sex workers are high-risk groups for HIV/AIDS. 68.8% of students don’t know their HIV status. 65.2% were not willing to isolate HIV-infected people from society. Regarding the attitude toward people living with HIV, the results of this study, are still discriminatory. The majority of the students were willing to accept and support the HIV patient, but this was not adequate and still, some stigma persists.

Conclusion: More health education and campaigns to raise student knowledge of HIV/AIDS are urgently needed. The Ministry of Education discovered more effective ways to disseminate the required knowledge on HIV/AIDS via the Internet, social media, mobile apps, hotlines, booklets, and printed instructional materials.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

V. Pragadeesh Raja
Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Ammapettai, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Dharani Lenin
KMC Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v3/8577E

Multicultural Competence: A Comprehensive Review Supporting Perception Focused Training for Preservice Teachers Teaching Diverse Students | Chapter 7 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

This paper focuses on an in-depth literature review based on preservice teachers’ perceptions of their multicultural competence in teaching a culturally diverse classroom. Teacher ethnicity reported at local and national levels remains less diverse than diverse K-12 student populations. More specifically, the literature review was framed around findings from a research study looking at the gap between multicultural competence of preservice teachers enrolled at a local university school of education and the culturally diverse students in classrooms they were assigned too. According to the findings of the inductive data analysis and qualitative case study, preservice teachers felt that they needed more training in multicultural competence. Enhanced awareness, knowledge, and skills for teaching in a multicultural classroom were among the things that the training program required to cover. In order to address the four main topics identified by the investigation, a professional development training course was designed. The literature review supports the prominent components addressed by the professional development training workshop. Adequately preparing preservice teachers for teaching in culturally diverse classrooms continues as a focus in teacher preparation programs. As a faculty member at the local university school of education, ongoing research focused on building preservice teachers’ multicultural competence and culturally responsive teaching and relevant pedagogy skills remains essential. Teacher preparation courses and other stakeholders training preservice teachers establish an ongoing process to better connect all students in any classroom. Potential future research might focus on the progress participating preservice teachers make post-graduation and after they have taught their first year. Further follow-up studies could be conducted at three and five years of teaching to identify multicultural competence growth.

Author(s) Details:

Cheryl L. Lehman,
School of Education, University of Arkansas Fort Smith5210 Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 3649, Fort Smith, AR. 72913-3649, United States.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V8/article/view/14200

Awareness about Genetics and Genetic Disorders among Medical Students | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

This chapter discusses awareness of medical genetics and genetic disorders primarily among medical professionals at the early carrier stage. The chapter discusses the recent epidemiological evidence about genetic disorders globally as well as in India before emphasizing the need to raise awareness about genetic disorders among medical professionals as well as the general population. It also highlights the implications of medical professionals having limited awareness about genetic disorders and some suggestions that might enhance the discussion of medical genetics in the curriculum.

Author(s) Details:

Pulkit Johar,
Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

Oshin Puri,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

Prashant Kumar Verma,
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V7/article/view/12669

Perception of Positive Roles of Social Media: Outcome of a Preliminary Opinion Survey in Bangladesh | Chapter 11 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 The present research proposed to explore social radio users’ perceptions of the beneficial roles of social radio. Several positive social television roles were labeled from the literature. The educated piece of social media consumers was selected and surveyed utilizing a Google Forms-based self-administered inquiry. A total of 178 Facebook users voluntarily shared in the survey. The outcomes indicate that friendly media captures users’ consideration on social issues, attended by politics, economics, and different vital topics. Sharing and taking knowledge and skills, joining with friends and classification, and sharing current affairs are ultimate critical uses of social news instead of entertainment. Respondents concur that social television has the potential to increase awareness, change attitudes, and support a sense of responsibility compared to TV set and newspapers. Social media consumers may be responsible or careless. This study contributes to the positive friendly media use literature, that is limited in Bangladesh. It may again guide policymakers to promote more helpful social media use between university students the one can harness its potential effectively. Future studies grant permission involve large-scale surveys and the use of structural equation forming.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Shahzalal,
Department of Marketing, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V9/article/view/12123

A Study on Awareness, Knowledge and Willingness about Eye Donation among General Public in Southern India | Chapter 1 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 The objective of the study search out assess the awareness, information and willingness to present eyes among general public in pertaining to the south Indian. Visual impairments have physical, touching, social, and inexpensive consequences and are a crucial item influencing individual's quality of life. A total of 1.285 heap people are estimated expected visually injured worldwide of which 39 heap are categorised as blind. These figures are startling, given that 80 allotment of known fantasy impairments are either treatable or preventable. Corneal transplants give the impression our best hope for resolving this question; however, a worldwide shortage of available benefactors continues to cloud efforts addressing this issue.A cross localized population-based survey secondhand a semi organized questionnaire on awareness, information and willingness for eye donation introduce of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Stratified multistage cluster random sampling pattern was used with a sample proportion of 867 adults >16 years established, estimated knowledge of cataract 70%, assuming an anticipated rate of 85%, design effect of 1.5, margin of wrong 4% with 95% confidence break with 25% from urban districts and 75% from rural regions. Having heard of eye donation was delineated as awareness and having information of the ideal time to grant the eyes was considered as information. A pilot study was conducted to substantiate the questions used usually study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was secondhand for analysis to reckon logistic regression and odds percentages for gender, age, education and city-rural districts.A total 782 (90.1%) out of 867 participants accepted part in the poll, with women reconciling 47.4% of the total. 603 participants (or 77.1%) experienced about eye donation. 301 participants (38.5%) signified a willingness to present eyeballs. The 297 participants (49.3%) knew when it was best to form a contribution after dying. Public awareness of eye gift was high, but there was little public desire to give away eyes. To enhance voluntary eye gift and fight corneal blindness, it should to identify the obstacles to gift.

Author(s) Details:

Srinivasa Reddy Pallerla,
Andhra Pradesh Right to Sight Society, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Rohit C. Khanna,
LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

S. Krishnaiah,
LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Jill Keeffe,
LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V9/article/view/12113

Study of Morphology of Large Intestine in 50 Donated Embalmed Cadavers | Chapter 5 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

Aim: To study the study of plants of large entrails to document the presence of some growth or bulge.Material and Methods: A study was transported in the Department of Anatomy of K. J. Somaiya Medical College in which 50 big intestines from gave embalmed cadavers were examined for the presence of some growth or bulge.Results: In 5 cadavers a hard bulge was noticed in the distal part of downward colon. On incising, a mass was noticed in its posterior obstruction. It measured 5cm x 5cm circumscribing nearly half the lumen but not appearance any signs of impediment. Histopathology confirmed the disease of adenocarcinoma.Clinical Significance: Colon Carcinoma involves historical factors, environmental uncoverings, dietary tendencies, and inflammatory environments of the gastrointestinal tract. Death from colon malignancy usually results from metastases in the liver.  Conclusions: As colon tumor is the most coarse carcinoma accompanying high death rates, the cure is greater when the affliction is detected at inception. Early detection and screening is of excellent importance. Colonoscopy detects few colon polyps and cancers early enough that they may be doctored.

Author(s) Details:

SharadKumar Pralhad Sawant,
Department of Anatomy, K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Research Centre, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, MUHS, India.

Shaheen Rizvi,
Department of Anatomy, K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Research Centre, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, MUHS, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V9/article/view/11689

Study of Contraceptive Use and Its Determinants in Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Urban Slum Area of Maharashtra, India | Chapter 1 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 This affiliate aimed to persistent the contraceptive use and its cause in married mothers of reproductive exclusive informal network in urban slum field of maharashtra, India. The contraceptive behaviour of the culture in reproductive exclusive informal network has got an important function to play in deciding the study of human population of a particular country. There are many determinants which decides the condom behaviour of males and women.  A community-located cross-sectional study was conducted in ghetto area helped by Urban Health Training centre under Dept of Community Medicine of Solapur city, Maharashtra, India. Total 420 married girls aged between 15 to 45 age participated in the study. Information was composed by pre-designed, pretested proforma by interview procedure. The use of contraceptives in married women is bigger as compared to the verdicts of NFHS-3. Use of spacing plans are low. There is gigantic knowledge application breach between knowledge and use of contraception.

Author(s) Details:

Rupal D. Girase,
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nandurabar, Maharashtra, India.

Santosh J. Haralkar,
Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

Sanjay M. Mulaje,
Department of Statistics, Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V1/article/view/11219

Prosthetic Rehabilitation: The Impact of Awareness, Attitude, and Behavior on Treatment Decision-Making: Insights from Bahria University Dental Hospital | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 This member presents the results of a study that was conducted at the Bahria University Dental Hospital in Karachi. The study proposed to assess the awareness, stances, and behavior flows of partially edentulous inmates towards rehabilitation for missing dentition. Data was collected through meticulous interviews using a self- designed 12-article close-ended inquiry. The study sample comprised 580 cases, with a higher capacity of females (63.4%) than men (36.6%). The majority of inmates (61.4%) had partial edentulism in both arches, and established partial denture (49%) was the prosthetic device of choice mainly by women (51%). Financial issues (47.6%) were the major barrier achieve dental services. The study too revealed the role of instruction in improving one’s knowledge, the importance of stance and behavior in the context of spoken health, and by means of what individuals can receive awareness and motivation towards prosthetic restoration by friends and relatives. Additionally, the study climaxes the role of fitness professionals in guiding cases towards the right direction and trying their clinical needs.

Author(s) Details:

Anum Baqar,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Saman Hakeem,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Farnaz Ilyas,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Asim Monpuri,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Akbar Abbas,
Department of Dental Education, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Ayesha Mehwish,
Department of Dental Education, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Farah Javaid,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Saima Mazhar,
Department of Anatomy, Bahria University Medical College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Mohammad Rameez,
Department of Prosthodontics, Bahria University Dental College, BUHSC, Karachi, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V8/article/view/10845

Awareness about Different Scholarship Schemes among University Students: A Brief Overview | Chapter 12 | Research Highlights in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 6

 This affiliate highlights about knowledge regarding Different Scholarship Schemes between University Students. Scholarship schemes are engaged to recognize and reward a junior's academic achievement and instructional programmes. Receiving a scholarship is a significant talent.  Though a considerable number of knowledge schemes are vacant in India, the level of awareness concerning scholarship with students is secret. So, in order to learn the level of awareness of the accused regarding various scholarship blueprints the present study was administered among the students of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat department of Assam, India. Two hundred forty freshman students from various colleges of the University were included as accused by using a layered random sample pattern for the study. One questionnaire was inclined on “Google Form” for online dossier collection. Frequency, allotment, Mean, Standard Deviation and chi square test were secondhand for analyzing the dossier statistically. The study reveals that majority (88.75%) of the accused were aware about State Merit Scholarship understood by 83.75 per cent of accused about Ishan Udya scholarship, 53.33 per insignificant value were aware about National Talent Scholarship when in fact only 2.91 per cent were knowledgeable about Financial Support to the Economically Backward Students of the University. Majority of the respondents that is 90.00 per cent had senior as beginning of awareness. Though the level of knowledge for two scholarships was good, the awareness for the surplus scholarships was not good with the students. It is important in connection with the University authority to increase the knowledge among pupils regarding various scholarships by various various ways.

Author(s) Details:

Santosh,
Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam, India.

Mayuri Bora,
Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam, India and All India Coordinated Research Project on Women in Agriculture-Extension Component, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHLLE-V6/article/view/10808

Examining Cervical Cancer Awareness and Screening among Postpartum Women in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa | Chapter 10 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 This unit aims to determine the awareness of and recognize the sources of facts on cervical cancer and screening rude answer among post-partum women taking care at a tertiary nursing home in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between June and October 2018. Risk factors for cervical malignancy include early coitarche, extreme parity, multiple intercourse partners, sexually transmitted contaminations, especially accompanying oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), and smoking.  A total of 104 researcher-grown questionnaires were employed to collect dossier in this cross-divided descriptive study. The same was analyst-administered to and salvaged from the respondents (52 HIV-positive and 52 HIV-negative), with dossier on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of cervical tumor, screening programmes and systems, sources of information, determinants related to cervical cancer, and rude answer of cervical screening duties were collected.The study participants were mainly young women, accompanying a mean age of 31.12 + 4.46 and the majority (94.1%) had basic instruction. Nearly all participants (97.1%) were married, and most (98.0%) use monogamous classification settings. 62.7% of the women had likely birth to more than individual child. Only 39.2% of members have heard about cervical cancer, 17.3% have perceived about cervical cancer hide, and only 1% have utilized (taken part in) a protect service. The main sources of facts were health laborers (47.5%) and print and mass media (47.5%). Identified risk factors contained having more than individual sexual colleague (80.4%), multiparity (62.7%), and hormonal contraceptive use (37.3%).Despite being a preventable ailment, there was little knowledge of cervical cancer, screening, and nearly no use of screening services in the study community. The findings display the importance of developing and executing effective communication and help delivery plans to boost the use of cervical screening services in this place community.

Author(s) Details:

Onyekachi Sunday Ohaeri,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Peter Waripamo Oweisi,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Azubuike Ikechukwu,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Musa Stephen,
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Peter Waibode Alabrah,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Adesina Adedotun Daniel,
The Medical Centre, the Nigerian Law School, Yenagoa Campus, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V1/article/view/10562