Drug Abuse Prevention Strategies: A Post-pandemic Approach | Chapter 08 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 

This book chapter discusses the causes of the rapid rise in drug abuse and several strategies that may be used to control the rapid rise of drug abuse among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic to date (post-pandemic era). The suggested effective strategies are based on the holistic approach model that engages all stakeholders to work collaboratively to implement prevention and intervention strategies as posited by the PROSPER Model. Prosper Model brings together schools, families, communities, and Universities in partnerships that use positive approaches to strengthen families and empower youths to make informed decisions. Keeping adolescents engaged in fruitful activities, empowering them with life skills, and involving the students in volunteer work for vulnerable children will help them resist peer pressure and contribute meaningfully to society.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Blessing Chifamba
Department of Journalism and Communication, Rusangu University, Zambia.

 

Constance Chifamba
Department of Education, Solusi University, Zimbabwe.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rraass/v9/12707F

Association of Teenage Pregnancy with Increased Risk of Maternal and Neonatal Complications: An Overview | Chapter 9 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

The present study examines whether teenage pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications compared to adults through a systematic literature review to help clinicians in their actions before and during pregnancy in adolescents. Adolescent pregnancy is still a common occurrence, mostly in developing nations. Because it is associated with both obstetric and perinatal outcomes, maternal age is an important factor to consider while managing obstetric patients. A literature review to address the obstetric results of pregnancy in teenage mothers was conducted. Articles for the last 5 years in different databases including ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Teenager’, ‘Adolescent’, ‘Complications’, and ‘Outcomes’ as keywords were reviewed. A total of 2260 articles were obtained after the initial search, but only 28 met the inclusion criteria and were therefore reviewed. The outcomes were divided into complications of pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium, and neonatal complications. It was found that there is an association between young maternal age and preterm birth, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth, among others. The results of this review indicate that there is an association between young maternal age and low birth weight, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, anaemia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and premature rupture of membranes. For the newborn, it was found that outcomes such as low APGAR scores and admission to intensive care were more frequent in teenage mothers. It is assumed that the risk is greater when taking into account other aspects such as the socio-economic and cultural impact on adolescents or the weight of parenting, data that do not arise from our research but should be the object of further studies. Finally, it is recommended that future research addressing adolescent pregnancy could help better understand this phenomenon and its implications.

 

Author (s) Details

Paller L
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Feldman F
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Lauria W
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Uruguay.

 

Rey G
Clinica Ginecotocologica B, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/11725F

 

Perceived Parental Behaviour and Religiosity as Predictors of In-school Adolescent Sexual Risk Behaviour in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 1

Sexual risk behavior is an important contemporary concern, especially for the self-destruction and societal ills it causes. Research has been ongoing on adolescent sexual risk behavior in the country and recent studies still report high rates of pre-marital sexual activities among Nigerian adolescents. Sexual risk behavior among youth, defined as early sexual initiation, unprotected intercourse, or sex with multiple partners, is a major area of concern to parents or caregivers and health professionals given the many associated negative consequences. There is a dearth of literature on the interaction influence of perceived parental behavior and religiosity on adolescent sexual risk behavior in the country of Nigeria. This study, therefore, investigated the prediction of sexually risky behavior of the youth by their perception of their parental behaviors, and their religious belief. The roles of a few sociodemographic factors were also examined. A cross-sectional research design was employed. Using a multistage sampling technique, 1,589 participants, male (n=753), and female (n=836) aged 13 to 19 years were drawn from 10 private and 19 public secondary schools in three of the five Local Government Areas (LGA) in Ibadan Metropolis as participants for the study. Regression analyses revealed significant prediction by parental psychological control (β=.10, t=3.99, p<.01) while the other parental behavioral dimensions were not significant. Religiosity also significantly predicted sexual risk behavior among adolescents (F (1, 1584) =50.25, p<.001) (β=-0.18, t=-7.08, p<.001) indicating an increase in sexually risky behavior with a decline in religiosity. Age, Gender and family structure were also independent and significant predictors (β = 0.12, t=-4.89, p< 01; β= 0.30, t=-12.62, p<.01, β = 0.05, t=2.12, p<,05) respectively, implying the younger, male adolescents from polygamous setting are higher on sexual risk behavior. Implication is an overuse of psychological control. Efforts should be geared towards eliciting healthy parental behavior through teaching parenting skills and also giving adolescents cognitive therapy. Religiosity should also be encouraged.

 

Author (s) Details

Aderonke A. Akintola
Redeemers’ University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v1/3749

Drug Abuse Prevention Strategies: A Post-pandemic Approach | Chapter 8 |Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 

This book chapter discusses the causes of the rapid rise in drug abuse and several strategies that may be used to control the rapid rise of drug abuse among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic to date (post-pandemic era). The suggested effective strategies are based on the holistic approach model that engages all stakeholders to work collaboratively to implement prevention and intervention strategies as posited by the PROSPER Model. Prosper Model brings together schools, families, communities, and Universities in partnerships that use positive approaches to strengthen families and empower youths to make informed decisions. Keeping adolescents engaged in fruitful activities, empowering them with life skills, and involving the students in volunteer work for vulnerable children will help them resist peer pressure and contribute meaningfully to society.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Blessing Chifamba
Department of Journalism and Communication, Rusangu University, Zambia.

 

Constance Chifamba
Department of Education, Solusi University, Zimbabwe.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rraass/v9/12707F

Prevalence of Hypertension Disorders among Adolescent Students in Ghana | Chapter 1| Disease and Health Research - New Insights Vol. 1

 

Aims: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypertension, associated risk factors, and its effect on physical activity in young people aged 14-19 years.

Study Design: This is a Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology between June 2009 and July 2023.

Methodology: A multistage sampling method was used to select 909 youth from three secondary schools (three towns in the Ashanti region of Ghana). The follow-up study was conducted on 142 people with high blood pressure. Anthropometric and blood pressure were measured with approved devices. Measurement of physical activity and dietary intake via survey. Blood pressure was measured using a validated automatic sphygmomanometer, with participants seated comfortably and resting for at least five minutes before measurement. Three readings were taken at one-minute intervals, and the average of the last two was recorded to reduce the impact of stress or short-term changes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were the main parameters recorded. Additionally, the study evaluated cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, echocardiography, ECG) and renal parameters (serum creatinine, GFR, urinalysis, BUN).

Results: Research shows that the prevalence of high blood pressure is 9.1% and the incidence of prehypertension is 24.8%. The prevalence of high blood pressure is significant by school choice. A majority of men have higher blood pressure than women, with 10.6% having high blood pressure, 46.6% having prehypertension, and 42.6% having high blood pressure. Data shows that 81.6% of participating parents are self-employed. The results show that there is little work, 72.73% of hypertensive patients are not working, while 40.32% and 59.97% of inactive and hypertensive patients are still sedentary. The results showed that MCV was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.230, r=-0.183), while MCHC was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.171). showed., r = 0.256). RDW-SD was found to be negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was a negative correlation between P-LCR and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=-.185, r=-.167).

Conclusion: The research found that blood pressure distribution varied among students in different schools, with the highest levels in KASS (57% hypertensive) compared to KOSS (19%) and BONWIRE (7%) (X^2 = 32.993, df = 4, p < 0.001). Despite examining cultural and lifestyle factors, no significant determinants of hypertension were identified. Lipid analysis also showed no significant differences between blood pressure groups. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore other potential causes of high blood pressure and to develop effective prevention and management strategies.

 

 

 

 

Author(s) Details

Abena Sekyere
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v1/909

Menstrual Hygiene and Its Impact on School Attendance among Adolescent School Girls in Rundu | Chapter 2 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

A study to assess menstrual hygiene and its impact on school attendance among adolescent school girls was conducted in selected combined schools in Rundu. The aim of the study was to assess menstrual hygiene and the impact of menstruation on school attendance among adolescent school girls in Rundu. A cross sectional study was conducted with 138 study participants. A self-administered questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to collect data. Questionnaires were analysed with descriptive statistics such as proportions, mean and standard deviation, and presented in tables and charts. Chi-square test was used to demonstrate bi-variate associations, while FGDs were analysed thematically. It was found that girls use a wide variety of materials during menstruation ranging from pads, tampons, toilet paper, cottons and pieces of cloth. There were lapses in knowledge and misconceptions regarding menstruation. There was reasonable knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene and most girls (76%) used sanitary pads in their last period. Almost half of the girls (49%) however found sanitary pads unaffordable and 33% did not use sanitary pads for their last period. Some problems encountered when menstruating on school days, included unavailability of soap and water in the toilets (44%), lack of privacy in the toilets (25%), dirty or non-functional toilets (24%). Some girls missed classes or did not concentrate in class due to lack of sanitary materials (41%), pain and discomfort (14%) and this affected their performance. The study shows that ensuring access to appropriate sanitary materials improves school attendance, academic performance and the girls’ potential success in life. Providing information to girls on menstrual hygiene is necessary to empower and prepare girls for menstruation and a healthy reproductive future, while preventing RTIs and circumventing challenges that could compromise their academic pursuits. Education authorities should consider providing sanitary pads to girls in school to ensure universal access. Stakeholder involvement is necessary due to the multi-dimensional nature of menstrual hygiene management.

Author(s) Details:

Kandjimi Ester S.,
Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Preventative Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Aku-Akai Larai W.,
Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Preventative Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V2/article/view/13500

Behavior Therapy in Curing Depression for Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

Cavity has been identified all at once of the commonest insane-health problems in SCD, accompanying prevalence rates as extreme as 27% - 46% reported [1]. While psychological cures have been establish to be beneficial in gentle to moderate depression, their use as non-pharmacological orders amongst adolescents in substitute-Saharan Africa, specifically Nigeria, is still at its infancy. This member determines the effect of behavioural incitement therapy on depression in juveniles living with Cut Cell Disease accompanying out-patient clinic at the Lagos State Academy Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. The study was conducted in Lagos State Academy Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, 'tween November 2017 to February 2018 (4 months) among adolescents endure SCD and depression accompanying out-patient clinic. The participants were a sample of agreeing adolescents (12 - 17 age) with SCD who had temperate to moderate depression. We forbade those with severe cavity on anti-sedative medications. The participants were detached into two groups, the treatment group and wait list (control) group. A randomized control trial (RCT) was transported among participants filling a place treatment (30) against control (30) group. A manualized behavioral therapy programme developed was brought to the treatment group. The dossier was analysed using the Statistical Whole for Social Sciences (SPSS) form 23. Pair T-test was used to compare the two groups across constant variables, pre- and post-intervention. Study of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to deter- mine treatment belongings controlling for standard scores. After the inter- vention, the mean despair score reduced from 22.13 ± 3.08 to 13.02 ± 4.56 while Paediatric feature of life score increase from 62.57 ± 17.85 to 67.90 ± 7.99 in the treatment group (BDI, p < 0.001; PedsQL, p = 0.045). Nevertheless, the pre- and post-intervention mean concavity scores in the control group showed insignificant decline from 22.23 ± 3.24 to 21.60 ± 2.75 and mean PedsQL from pre-intervention scores of 59.67 ± 12.60 to 56.73 ± 8.94 post attack (BDI, p = 0.388; PedsQL, p = 0.242). From multivariate analysis (ANCOVA), only the Quality of Growth scores ceased to show some significant effect of the intervention.Finally, the effect of behavioral incitement therapy (BAT) in juveniles with SCD and gentle to moderate depression using a randomized reserved trial has been grown. The results reflected that BAT happened in significant betterings in self-reported rating of depressing symptoms (effect intensity 2.1) and depression literacy suggesting productiveness of BAT in relieveing depressive symptoms in this place cohort, still the QoL scores initially appeared to have had a beneficial change but ceased expected so after controlling for likely confounders.

Author(s) Details:

Tolulope Taiwo,
Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria and Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team (CRHTT), Birmingham Womens and Children NHS Trust, UK.

Olayinka Atilola,
Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.

Cornelius Ani,
Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Bola A. Ola,
Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria and Acute Mental Health Unit, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Queensland, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V10/article/view/12816

Intramedullary Fixation in Adolescent Humerus Fractures: An Overview | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This episode delves into the intricate management of humeral rod fractures in adolescents, a distinct and frequently challenging subdivision of pediatric fractures. While non-operative approaches have historically yielded superior results in children, adolescents present singular complexities due to their speedy growth. These challenges grant permission result in complications to a degree malalignment, angulation, and malrotation, necessitating operative mediations. The traditional approach of open reduction and within fixation with plates and screws, while productive, is not without allure limitations. Soft tissue thorough analysis, scarring, and complications pose concerns, making it authoritative to explore alternative techniques. This branch centers on one specific alternative—closed intramedullary K-wire obsession. The method employs without a stain steel K-wires introduced into the humeral rod through minimally invasive techniques, checking many drawbacks guide traditional open procedures. Through a inclusive examination of the closed intramedullary K-coil technique, this chapter outlines allure advantages and dispassionate outcomes. Notably, this technique minimizes ancestry loss, preserves the purity of soft tissues, and maintains the rupture hematoma, thereby promoting early bridging callus composition. The results of a study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, between 2012 and 2014, are bestowed, demonstrating a 97.5% union rate and slightest complications. In conclusion, closed intramedullary K-cable fixation arises as a promising alternative for managing adolescent humeral rod fractures. The technique offers a safe, economical, and efficient approach, ensuring support while preserving easy tissue integrity. It allows early bridging callus composition, early initiation of physiotherapy, and optimal working outcomes, making it a valuable addition to the orthopedic physician's toolkit for addressing this questioning fracture type.

Author(s) Details:

Abdul Qayyum Khan,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Mohammad Baqar Abbas,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12479

Spectrum of Tuberculosis: A Study among Adolescent in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Shimla, North India | Chapter 11 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The study's aim is to examine the range of juveniles tuberculosis. Adolescence is characterised by a solid increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, a famous fact because the early 20th century. Most of the world's minors live in low-wage and middle-income nations where tuberculosis remnants common, and place they comprise a quarter of the population. Despite this, youths have not yet happened addressed as additional population in tuberculosis procedure or within infection treatment services, and arising evidence suggests that current models of care do not meet their needs. Tuberculosis amongst youngsters is distinct from two together childhood and adult tuberculosis in agreements of incidence, ailment manifestations and response. These characteristics are due to issues related to exemption, hormone inequality, social interactions and medicine unique to this chapter of life. Adolescent tuberculosis debris a less studied area in India. We resolved demographic, dispassionate and paraclinical data from 477 adolescents (10-19 age of age) determined to have Tuberculosis, who reported to the in the Department of paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla middle from two points the years 2010 and 2014. The incidence of infection among emergency room visiting adolescents was 0.8%. The incidence in women (1.00 %) was significantly more distinguished to males (0.63 %) with women having (OR1.60) 1.60 times more probability of suffering from Tuberculosis than men (p< 0.001). Isolated Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was seen in 52% cases, extrapulmonary infection (EPTB) in 40 % and combined PTB accompanying EPTB in 8 % cases. The most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were pleural outpouring (25.6%) and central nervous system infection (24.7%). Infiltration (consolidation) was ultimate common chest radioactivity finding (53.7 %). Most instances of infection were caused by pulmonary illness. The most frequent extrapulmonary types were private pleural effusion, tuberculosis of the main nervous system, and intestinal TB, whereas lymphadenitis was less frequent. In compared to brothers, females had a significantly higher incidence (P<0.001).

Author(s) Details:

Shayam L. Kaushik,
Department of Paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Savita Krishnamurthy,
Department of Paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Neelam Grover,
Department of Paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Rajni Kaushik,
Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V9/article/view/12259

Effects of Adolescent Crisis on Girls’ Secondary Schools’ Academic Performance in Vihiga County in Kenya and the Implication of Guidance and Counseling | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

 Adolescence is a ending of transition at which point all of the human doubts, hesitations, and uncertainties manifest. Secondary school young women' academic problems in Kenya have existed linked to the adolescence crunch. The purpose of the study was to search the influence of adolescent crisis on two ladies’ secondary schools’ academic performance in Vihiga County in Kenya and the suggestion of guidance and admonishing. The quantitative data composed was analysed using the mathematical package for public sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data assembled was organized, systematize, and analyzed to supplement, explain, and define quantitative dossier gathered from the unchanging environment. Findings of this study dressed as a contribution in the region of education as a whole, the Ministry of Education, school presidency, parents and additional stakeholders complicated with adolescents particularly with young women within the area of study.

Author(s) Details:

Constance M. Amusala,
Kaimosi Friends University, P.O BOX 385-50309, Kaimosi, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V9/article/view/10292

Cross-sectional Correlation among Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Nutrition of Macedonian School-aged Children and Adolescents | Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 2

 Our drawing of individual parts of mechanism study proposed to estimate the predominance of obesity in teens, and the important equivalence middle from two points food rank and health behaviour containing digestive tendencies, entertainment levels and motionless behaviour. The sample size was 400 carelessly picked school-old youngsters and minors from 14 to 18 years traditional. They were detached into two people groups school-old offsprings (14-15 age old) and young minors (17-18 age). Standardized, non-determinable Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the International Questionnaire for estimate of Physical Activity (IPAQ-SF) - abridgement of something written, the anthropometric measurements: frame burden and altitude, and physique bulk index (BMI kg/m2) presented in percentile utilizing the WHO Child Growth Standards were secondhand. Statistical reasoning contained explanatory enumerations, Pearson Chi-square test and Logistic regression reasoning utilizing SPSS Statistics17.0. Following the allocation of Pearson Chi- square=16.94 (p<0.001), skilled was mathematical significance 'tween the food rank of study colleagues in two together, the first and second study groups. There was a significant dissimilarity in extreme-force tangible/sports endeavor betwixt the two groups (Pearson Chi-square = 26.59; p <0.001). Sedentary behaviour had the capital influence on the incident of youth corpulence (Wald=2.81; p=0.09). A important correlation was supposed middle from two points corpulence and gift feed (pasta, edible grain, and vegetables), and simple drinks, but quaffing water had a guarding effect. Prevention and situation of overweight and corpulence demand plans-level approaches that involve the abilities of registered dietitians/nutritionists, and sports coaches in addition to compatible and joined ideas and referring to practices or policies that do not negatively affect the environment support across all areas of society, exceptionally the instructional subdivision.

Author(s) Details:

Vera Simovska Jarevska,
Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences-Veles, Study for Nutrition, University St. Clement of Ohrid, Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia and HEPA Macedonia National Organization for the Promotion of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity, WHO HEPA Europe, Republic of North Macedonia.

Rozida Jakimoska Jordanoska,
Department for Preventive, School Medicine, Public Health Care Center, Republic of North Macedonia and University Goce Delcev, Stip, Republic of North Macedonia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V2/article/view/9651

Economic Determinants of Sexual Debut among Secondary School Students: A Case of Rural Kenya | Chapter 04 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

 The majority of individuals, even teenagers, are motivated by financial gain. A person's need for money and resources may lead to an early sexual debut. As a result, we wanted to see if economic considerations had an impact on sexual debut among secondary school students. This was done using Marxist philosophy as a guide. The researchers used a mixed-approach strategy that comprised both quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods. The study targeted three categories of teenage participants: mixed-gender day secondary schools, girls-only boarding secondary schools, and boys-only boarding secondary schools, with a total of 400 participants (200 females and 200 males) aged 14 to 18. Focus group discussions (FGDs), case narratives, and key informant interviews were employed to collect qualitative data. According to the statistics, 61% of students have ever had sex, with mixed-gender day schools having a greater rate (63.5%) than single-gender schools (58.5 percent ). Male students were more likely than female students to have ever had sex [OR=1.59 (95% CI 0.83,1.85), p=0.03]. The majority of pupils received spending money (89%) and presents (60%) from their parents. Those who received presents from boyfriends/girlfriends, on the other hand, had four times the chance of ever having intercourse (OR 4.04, 95 percent CI 1.36-11.97). Qualitative evidence, on the other hand, revealed that the desire for money for both basic needs and pleasure had a significant influence on adolescent sexual debut. Finally, the majority of Nyamira County's in-school teenagers have had sex at some point in their lives. Parents fed the vast majority of students indicating a pluralistic environment in which peer pressure, cultural norms, and popular culture on social and mainstream media all played a part in early sexual debut Moneyed people were seen as wielding influence over others' autonomy, and their economic circumstances were seen as affecting their actions, supporting Marxist theory.

Author(S) Details

Diana Kerubo Ondieki
African Women’s Studies Centre, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Dalmas Ochieng’ Omia
African Women’s Studies Centre, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Wanjiru Gichuhi
African Women’s Studies Centre, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Caroline Marygorety Akinyi Otieno
African Women’s Studies Centre, University of Nairobi, Kenya.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V4/article/view/6994

Perceptions of Self as Influencers of Sexual Debut among Secondary School Students in South Western Kenya | Chapter 14 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this study is to use the theory of reasoned action to examine how social constructions influence self-perceptions that may lead to sexual debut among in-school teenagers in Nyamira County. An early sexual debut is linked to mental discomfort.

The researchers used a mixed-methods approach to data collecting, which included both quantitative and qualitative data. The study was place in Nyamira County, which is located in Kenya's southwest. A total of 400 secondary school students aged 14 to 18 were recruited for this study.

Students at mixed-day secondary schools and single-sex secondary schools had equal levels of self-esteem. There was no relationship found between self-perception and ever having sex among in-school teens, regardless of the kind of school (day or boarding) or gender of the students. In FGDs and case narratives, students acknowledged that one's mental condition had a role in initiating sex. In Nyamira County, self-esteem enhancers are unlikely to prevent sexual debut among in-school teenagers. Other determinants of sexual debut must be explored in order to address the impact of sexual debut among in-school youth in the county.

Author(S) Details

D. K. Ondieki
African Women’s Studies Center, College of Humanities and Socal Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

D. O. Omia
Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

W. Gichuhi
Population Studies and Research Institute, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

C. M. A. Otieno
African Women’s Studies Center, College of Humanities and Socal Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V10/article/view/6966

Religion and Contraceptive use among Sexually Active Adolescent Girls in Kenya | Chapter 09 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this study was to see if religious affiliation was linked to the use of contemporary contraception among Kenyan sexually active adolescent females.

According to the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) from 2014, half of Kenyan women aged 20 to 49 had their first sexual encounter before the age of 18. Early sexual activity has been associated to unfavourable health outcomes such as unwanted adolescent pregnancies, STIs, and cervical cancer. One in every five adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 is either pregnant or has given birth to a living kid. A cross-sectional study technique was used to undertake secondary analysis of the Kenyan DHS 2014 female dataset. The research included 732 sexually active teenage girls aged 15 to 19. The key outcome measure was the current use of a modern contraceptive method. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed by the researchers. The sample probabilities were modified for all computations 30.2 percent of sexually active adolescent females said they were currently using contemporary contraception. 30.7 percent of Christians and 21.1 percent of Muslims used modern contraception at the time of the survey.

In Kenya, the prevalence of contemporary contraception (CPR) among sexually active teenage girls aged 15 to 19 was low. Adolescents of many religions used contemporary contraceptives in the same way.

Author(S) Details

Ondieki Diana Kerubo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Penfold Suzanne
Department of Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V10/article/view/6961

Nutritional Status of Adolescent and College Girl Students in Terms of Haemoglobin Levels and BMI | Chapter 20 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.10

 A proper diet with enriched nutritious elements promotes better newborn, child, and maternal health, as well as stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, decreased risk of noncommunicable diseases, and longer life. Malnutrition has long been a concern throughout the world, particularly in underdeveloped nations, despite numerous research and community programmes highlighting the importance of good nutrition. Malnutrition encompasses both lack and overnutrition, with anaemia and obesity being the two most common nutritional diseases. The key causal causes for these two ailments include rapid economic expansion, urbanisation, and globalisation in many developing nations, combined with a lack of good nutrients and a high-calorie diet. The types, prevalence, and causes of anaemia, as well as the factors that lead to obesity in adolescent and college girls, are discussed in this chapter. A discussion of the link between anaemia and obesity is included, as well as various solutions to these nutritional problems.

Author(s) Details:

A. Sai Padma
 Department of Biochemistry, Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad-500 0 94, Telangana, India.

S. Manju Devi,
Department of Biochemistry, Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad-500 0 94, Telangana, India.

D. Rajani,
Department of Biochemistry, Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad-500 0 94, Telangana, India.

S. Vanitha,
Department of Biochemistry, Bhavan’s Vivekananda College, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad-500 0 94, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V10/article/view/5835

A Case Report on Delayed Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome in a Short Statured Adolescent | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Two examples of progressive isolated injury to the lateral branch of the pectoral nerve with clavicular atrophy of the major pectoral muscle are shown. Repetitive external microtraumas and pressure on the nerve trajectory between the chest and shoulder during sports or occupational activities have been attributed to the mechanism of isolated lateral pectoral nerve lesions in our patients. We wanted to show that recurrent microtraumas can produce discrete nerve injury in this case study.

Author(S) Details

I. O. Oluwayemi
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

A. O. Odeyemi
Department of Paediatrics, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

T. O. Ayeni
Department of Paediatrics, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V8/article/view/4569

Study on MRI Spectrum of ACL Tears in Pediatric Age Group: A Case Series | Chapter 12 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among adolescents due to their high participation in outdoor activities. Knee ligament tears are almost always accompanied by other injuries. We demonstrated a variety of injuries seen in the paediatric teenage population. Routine radiography misses a variety of knee problems, such as meniscal rips and bone marrow oedema. In the creation of this spectrum, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial.

Methods: Five male patients, ages 13 to 18 (average age 15), with diverse types of knee damage underwent knee MRI scans and were examined for a range of ACL rupture and associated symptoms. A specific injury could involve the ACL, the menisco-femoral link, or the medial collateral ligaments. Because of their undeveloped skeletons, children are also prone to bony avulsion fractures. The study plays an important part in management, according to the description of the individual injury. Patients with a history of knee injury or disease were not allowed to participate in the trial.

The bulk of the patients belonged to the paediatric teen age group (average age 15 years). The left knee was damaged 60% of the time, while the right knee was hurt 40% of the time. Meniscal tears were found in 20% of instances, but were seen in 40% of those who had a bone injury. The only way to detect these was through an MRI study, as the plain skiagram was normal. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was implicated in 40% of the cases.

Conclusion: ACL tears and concomitant injuries in children and adolescents have a different spectrum and should not be diagnosed or treated the same way they are in adults. Because of the prevalence of epiphyseal nonunion in this age group, MRI evaluation is essential in the diagnosis of such severe injuries.

Author (S) Details

Shashi Sharma
Department of Pediatrics, SGT Medical College, Gurgaon (Haryana), India.

Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Naresh Chander Arora
Department of Orthopedics, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Manav Sethi
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Civil Hospital, Sector 6, Panchkula (Haryana), India.

Neeru Kapur
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Monu Sarin
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V15/article/view/3872

A Retrospective Study on Fetal Outcome of Deliveries among Teenagers in Centre Region of Cameroon | Chapter 5 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

In order to inform public health action, we sought to compare the fetal outcome of adolescent pregnancies with the non-adolescent ones. A total of 6041 deliveries were compared  using rates, proportions, means and OR, the fetal outcome of adolescent (10-19 years old) deliveries registered at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, to those in their non-adolescent counterparts.Referred deliveries were significantly higher in adolescent participants compared to their non-adolescent counterparts (6.4% versus 4.3%, OR 1.53 95% CI 1.07-2.20). Non-adolescent pregnancies lasted significantly longer than adolescent pregnancies (38.46±2.72 versus 38.13±3.19 weeks respectively, p=.007). The former group had significantly higher rates of premature and post-term: deliveries (29.3% versus 24.5%, p=.041 OR 1.28 95% CI 1.01-1.62 and 4.9 versus 2.4%, p=.014 OR 2.11 95% CI 1.46-3.87 respectively. Babies born of adolescent mothers weighed significantly less (irrespective of birth order) than those born of non-adolescent mothers (mean weights 2984.80±647.81 versus 3190.72±645.45 grams, p<.001). The odds of both apparent and perinatal deaths was significantly higher in the adolescent group (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.25-2.47 and AOR 1.69 95% CI 1.17-2.45 respectively). Adolescent pregnancies are associated with poor fetal outcome. There is need for counseling and provision of family planning services to reduce their incidence.

Author (s) Details

Florent Ymele Fouelifack
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Research, Education and Health Associative Group GARES-Falaise, Dschang, Cameroon.

Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Loic Dongmo Fouelifa
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lomé, Togo, School of Armies Health Services of Lomé, P.O.Box:14148 Lomé, Togo.

Felicitee Dongmo Nguefack
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and BioMedical Sciences of University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, P.O.Box:1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.

Enow Robinson Mbu
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/196