Cervical Dysplasias and Cervical Cancers | Chapter 1 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Cervical cancer is the second most frequent gynaecological malignancy in Cameroon, and it is the major cause of cancer mortality among women. Gender and educational level have a big impact on cervical cancer screening knowledge and attitudes. The goal of this study was to find out how well male and female university students knew about cervical cancer and how they felt about Pap smear screening. This was a 416-student cross-sectional research conducted from February to May 2017 among students at the University of Buea in Cameroon. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data, and Epi-Info version 7 was used to analyse it. Pvalue 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. The participants' average age was 22.08 (4.03) years. Cervical cancer was mentioned by up to 82.2 percent of the participants. Only 25.2 percent of the participants said they knew “a lot” about cervical cancer. There was no statistically significant difference in general knowledge across genders (P=0.81), however there was a statistically significant link between having “good” knowledge and being a health science student (P0.001). More than half of the students were unaware that having several sexual partners was a risk factor for cervical cancer, and more than half were unaware that early sexual intercourse, smoking, family history, and multiple deliveries were all risk factors. A Pap smear was performed on only 4.8 percent of female pupils. The low uptake was linked to a number of factors, including the cost of screening, a lack of knowledge about screening programmes, fear, and the idea that pap smear screening is uncomfortable. To summarise, university students' understanding of cervical cancer was low regardless of gender. The use of Pap smear screening was extremely low, indicating a need for increased health education and preventative initiatives aimed at both men and women.

Author(s) Details

Gregory Edie Halle-Ekane
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.

Dr Derick Nembulefack
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Limbe District Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.

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The Influence of Climate Factors on the Stability of the Civil Engineering Constructions: Case of Forest Ecosystem in Southern Cameroon | Chapter 12 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

Cameroon's southern forest habitat ranges from 2° to 6°N latitude and from 10° to 16°E latitude. The key parameters of the local environment of that ecosystem have been evaluated in order to examine the impact of climate factors on infrastructure. The findings reveal that the variables are stable and have a general pattern. However, the abundance of precipitation, the substantial hydrographic network and the existence of dense forests are the key climatic constraints that can be taken into account to ensure the stability of forest ecosystem infrastructures.

Author (s) Details

Samba Assomo Philippe
High Teacher Training College, Bertoua, Cameroon.

Zo'o Zame Philemon
University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

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Jumping Plant-louse of the Genus Pseudoeriopsylla (Hemiptera-Psylloïdea-Homotomidae), Pest of Moraceae from Cameroon | Chapter 9 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 2

 In Cameroon, four species of Pseudoeriopsylla are known: P. laingi, P. etoundii, P. bitomi and P. mpoamei. The genus Pseudoeriopsylla is exclusively African and is distinguished by the presence of a pterostigma on the forewing and the absence of a costal split. In 1957, Eastop caught one species of P. laingi in a yellow trap in Bamenda (North-West) and it is not redescribed here. The morphological features of the three described species from Cameroon are revealed in this work. The leaves and young buds of Ficus spp. feed on these insects. (Moraceae) in Cameroon's western highlands.

Author (s) Details

Victor Joly Dzokou
Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Crop Protection (UR_PHYZA), University of Dschang, P.O.Box 222 Dschang, Cameroon.

Wenceslas Yana
Laboratory of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O.Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.

Joseph Lebel Tamesse
Laboratory of Zoology, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O.Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Eliane de Coninck
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.

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Diagnostic Efficiencies of the Partec CyScope® Rapid Test in Comparison to Light Microscopy for Malaria in Rural Tole, Southwest Cameroon: New Perspective | Chapter 11 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

Introduction/Aim: Malaria is a major public health problem and can lead to fatal consequences within few days if not diagnosed and promptly treated. The aim of this study was to determine the malaria parasite prevalence and assess the performance characteristics of the Partec CyScope® rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in Tole. Experimental Design, Place and Duration of Study: The study was a cross-sectional survey, carried out in Tole, Southwest Cameroon in July 2014.   Methodology: A total of 231 children were studied. Information on demographic data, temperature and malaria risk factors was recorded. Capillary blood was collected by finger pricking. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for malaria parasite detection and speciation. Ten µL of blood was added unto the DAPI coated slides and read under the Partec CyScope®. Haemoglobin values were determined. Results and Conclusion: The overall prevalences of malaria parasites, fever and anaemia were 66.2%, 35.9% and 86.6% respectively. Although not statistically significant, malaria parasite prevalence was highest in children aged 1 – 5 years, higher in females, those that had stagnant water and bushes around their homes as well as those who did not use insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide residual spraying when compared with their respective counterparts. Overall geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was 3691 (range = 100 - 48000) parasites/µL of blood). GMPD was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in febrile than afebrile children. Prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher (P = 0.01) in malaria positive (68.5%) than negative (45.2%) children. More cases of infections were detected by light microscopy than by Partec CyScope®. The sensitivities and specificities of Partec CyScope® were 87.6% (CI = 81.4-91.1%) and 94.9% (CI = 87.5-98.0%) respectively while the positive and negative predictive values were 97.1% and 79.6% respectively. Partec CyScope® can therefore be used for mass malaria surveillance.

Author (s)  Details

Dr. Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga,
Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Biaka University Institute Buea, P.O.Box 77, Buea, SWR, Cameroon.

Prof. Helen Kuokuo Kimbi,
3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, N.W. Region, Cameroon.

Ass. Prof. Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele,
Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O.Box 63, Buea, SWR, Cameroon

View Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/196

A Retrospective Study on Fetal Outcome of Deliveries among Teenagers in Centre Region of Cameroon | Chapter 5 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

In order to inform public health action, we sought to compare the fetal outcome of adolescent pregnancies with the non-adolescent ones. A total of 6041 deliveries were compared  using rates, proportions, means and OR, the fetal outcome of adolescent (10-19 years old) deliveries registered at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, to those in their non-adolescent counterparts.Referred deliveries were significantly higher in adolescent participants compared to their non-adolescent counterparts (6.4% versus 4.3%, OR 1.53 95% CI 1.07-2.20). Non-adolescent pregnancies lasted significantly longer than adolescent pregnancies (38.46±2.72 versus 38.13±3.19 weeks respectively, p=.007). The former group had significantly higher rates of premature and post-term: deliveries (29.3% versus 24.5%, p=.041 OR 1.28 95% CI 1.01-1.62 and 4.9 versus 2.4%, p=.014 OR 2.11 95% CI 1.46-3.87 respectively. Babies born of adolescent mothers weighed significantly less (irrespective of birth order) than those born of non-adolescent mothers (mean weights 2984.80±647.81 versus 3190.72±645.45 grams, p<.001). The odds of both apparent and perinatal deaths was significantly higher in the adolescent group (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.25-2.47 and AOR 1.69 95% CI 1.17-2.45 respectively). Adolescent pregnancies are associated with poor fetal outcome. There is need for counseling and provision of family planning services to reduce their incidence.

Author (s) Details

Florent Ymele Fouelifack
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Research, Education and Health Associative Group GARES-Falaise, Dschang, Cameroon.

Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Loic Dongmo Fouelifa
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lomé, Togo, School of Armies Health Services of Lomé, P.O.Box:14148 Lomé, Togo.

Felicitee Dongmo Nguefack
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and BioMedical Sciences of University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon, P.O.Box:1364 Yaounde, Cameroon.

Enow Robinson Mbu
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/196