Management of Obstetrical Urological Emergencies |Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 3

Urological emergencies during pregnancy, though rare, can pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Because of changes in the body during pregnancy, conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs), pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and obstructive uropathy need to be carefully managed. This systematic review aims to evaluate the management strategies, diagnostic challenges, and clinical outcomes associated with urological emergencies in pregnant women. This study is an article review of existing peer-reviewed literature on the management of urological emergencies in pregnant women. The time of study is from October 2024 to March 2025. The extracted data were analysed using tools such as the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis was performed. Various diagnostic techniques, including ultrasound and MRI, as well as treatment options, with a focus on ensuring maternal and fetal safety, were analysed. The findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggest recommendations for improving clinical practices in managing these emergencies. Minimally invasive interventions, including ureteral stents and percutaneous nephrostomy, may offer safer alternatives to traditional surgical approaches. The review concludes with a call for standardised guidelines and further research into the long-term outcomes for both mother and fetus. Advancements in imaging technology, such as high-resolution ultrasound and MRI, can enhance early detection while minimising risks to fetal development. The role of artificial intelligence and predictive analytics in diagnosing urological conditions during pregnancy should be explored to   improve accuracy and efficiency. IN addition to the early intervention, especially fetal minor invasive procedures would enhance its clinical relevance and impact.

 

Author (s) Details

Osman Suliman
Department of Clinical Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Nawal Mohammed
Department of Clinical Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Faris Almahdi
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Sara Altom
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ibrahim Hassan
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Emad Alsaedi
Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, AL -Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Riham Abd Elmagid
Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

 

Rana Abd Elmagid
Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v3/5305

Application of MRI Imaging of Focal Adenomyosis and Adenomyotic Cyst: A Case Report of a 42-Year-Old Female | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Adenomyosis is a common benign uterine disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. Adenomyosis is defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. It is hypothesized that factors such as uterine trauma, pregnancy, postpartum endometritis, or caesarean delivery may contribute to its development. Adenomyosis has been noted to occur in about 30% of the general female population and the reported prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens varies from 5% to 70%.

A case of a 42-year-old female, nulligravida, with a medical history of complete spontaneous miscarriage five years ago, was reported. The patient experienced uncontrolled bleeding, necessitating treatment with cervical cerclage.

The patient presented with menstrual menometrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea treated with oral contraceptive pills but the symptoms persisted. Transvaginal sonography showed a globular uterine enlargement with one leiomyoma and thickened uterine walls. Vascular malformation or adenomyosis were suspected. An MRI was performed, confirming findings consistent with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis can become a debilitating disease in women. It was also noted that the definitive treatment of adenomyosis is currently hysterectomy; however, uterine artery embolization has been described as an alternative treatment, though its outcomes are not always satisfactory. MRI offers the advantage of radiation-free imaging, superior visualization of uterine morphology, and the ability to identify specific signs that facilitate accurate diagnosis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Guarín JMP
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Río JV
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Benítez GM
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Cordón FD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2277

Giant Lipoma Over Thigh: A Rare Case Presentation | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 This is a case report of a large swelling over the posteromedial aspect of the right thigh, which progressively increased over a period of 10 months. Lipoma is the most common benign soft tissue tumor. It can be of variable size, but it is mostly slow-growing, mobile, and of soft mass. Most lipomas are small, often measuring less than two centimeters in diameter and weighing only a few grams We report a case of a 52-years old patient from Bargarh, Odisha, came to Surgery OPD with the chief complaint of swelling over the right thigh over a period of 10 months ago. An MRI showed the swelling to be in the subcutaneous plane. Several core needle biopsies showed the presence of fat necrosis with calcification. Excision of the swelling was carried out, which showed on histopathological examination as lipoma. Lipomas can have varied presentations, and in this case, they masqueraded as an accessory breast.

Author(s) Details:

Abhishek Soham Satpathy,
Department of Surgery, S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack-753007, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/14008

Intra-Operative Frozen Section with Histopathological Diagnosis in Surgical Biopsies | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This affiliate aimed to evaluate the depiction and limitations of stopped sections in the intraoperative evaluation of thyroid, bosom, gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system and lower extremities biopsies. Frozen division is a specimen of tissue that has existed quick-frozen, cut by microtome, and tainted immediately for expeditious diagnosis of possible diseased lesions. A specimen processed in this place manner is not acceptable for detailed study of the cells, but it is valuable cause it is quick and gives the surgeon next information regarding the virulence of a piece of fabric. Frozen section plays an important duty in the management of surgical patients still it must be used cautiously to avoid the indiscriminate habit of this important method.A cross-sectional study of stopped sections was done over a ending of one and half year. All Intraoperative stopped sections of bosom, thyroid, and gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system tumours performed at Asram medical institution of higher education, Eluru over a period of individual and half years from 2013 to 2014 were studied. Fine tease aspiration cytology, stopped and biopsy acted for various tumours in thyroid, breast, stomachic, ovary, CNS and lower limb were studied.Out of 21 cases, 19 cases of stopped sections coexisted with histopathological diagnosis and 20 cases of fine annoy aspiration cytology coexisted with histopathological diagnosis. In our study demonstrative accuracy for bosom specimens was 50%.False negative result in stopped section in our study was that of intraductal/in situ malignant growth of breast.Frozen portion aides the surgeon to select the best therapeutic approach and in speedy diagnosis of a unhealthy process. Newer techniques like MRI scan, CT scan, ocular imaging, intra-active cytology, and immunohistochemistry methods are also helpful in diagnosing cancers.

Author(s) Details:

Gudeli Vahini,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

B. A. Ramakrishna,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Suma Kaza,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

N. Rama Murthy,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12477

Focal Pachymeningitis in a Returning Traveler with Melioidosis | Chapter 4 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 The dura darkish thickens as a result of the uncommon wordy inflammatory condition famous as hypertrophic pachymeningitis.  Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacillus, is the primary cause of the native illness melioidosis in South-East Asia and Northern Australia. There are many various manifestations, and neurological difficulty has rarely existed discussed. In this paper, we report a patient returning from Asia accompanying an unusual contamination including CNS involvement constant with a melioidosis. This disease was challenging and complex to carry out accompanying multiple concerns, mainly because of the nonconforming nature of the beginning. Burkholderia pseudomallei can be easily misidentified accompanying Burkholderia thailandensis (rarely pathogenic to persons) during bacterial culture by way of their phylogenetic closeness. The main pitfall of the management was that the accountable infectious power was not referenced in the MALDI-TOF (considered as a bioterrorism power) and led to a wrong approach. This melioidosis case illustrates the challenge in melioidosis diagnosis in a patient retreat from an endemic extent and the disease's frequent involvement of various organs. An new, perhaps lethal condition called melioidosis need for long antibiotic analysis. Melioidosis identification challenges in clinical microbiology labs, particularly in non-native regions with reduced clinical hint, may delay treatment and have an affect the course of the disease.

Author(s) Details:

Alexis Demas,
Department of Neurology, Le Havre Hospital, 29 Avenue Pierre Mendes, 76290, Le Havre Cedex, France.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V5/article/view/12164

A Rare Case of Cystic Teratoma of the Oral Cavity that Resembles Simple Ranula in MRI | Chapter 2 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Theobjective concerning this study was to establish a equivalence between pathology and radiology disease. Teratoma, as a real abnormal growth in animate being, contains multiple makeups foreign to the originating sites. This study interprets a 4-year-old juvenile with a rare instance of sublingual cystic teratoma in the opening cavity with different magnetic reverberation imaging (MRI) findings. The MRI told a well-marginated lesion in the oral crater floor, with a strong signal on T2-burden imaging and an iso signal on T1-weighted image, as well as a dense wall and wall augmentation following intravenous contrast injection. The MRI results were connected to an oral cavity inborn cyst with a extreme proteinaceous substance, indicating an polluted ranula. The patient had experienced two abandoned stages of treatment. Finally, The cyst was surgically distant. The histopathological section of the excised example demonstrated a cyst line by epidermoid layered squamous epithelium and ciliated respiratory mucosa, agreeable with ripening cystic teratoma.

Author(s) Details:

Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoosh,
School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mahdi Khajavi,
of Otolaryngology, Hearing Diaorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mahnaz Baradaran,
School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mansoureh Baradaran,
School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Imam Ali Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V4/article/view/12082

Diagnosis of Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: MRI vs NCS | Chapter 8 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This branch evaluate the potential of soleus H-mechanical for diagnosis of radiculopathies along with allure comparison accompanying imaging (MRI) and clinical test.  Since Mixter & Barr initially illustrated lumbrosacral radiculopathy in 1934, it has become one of the most prevailing causes of low back pain. In the current study, we determined and contrasted the profit of MRI of the lumbosacral spine and Soleus H-Reflex study for the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.An practical cross-sectional study was acted on 20 patients (11 females & 9 men) clinically diagnosed as lumbosacral radiculopathy at orthopaedic OPD of R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata. Soleus H-Reflex study was acted first and then they had undergone MRI of L-S backbone. All collected dossier were analyzed by SPSS programme. There may be noncompressive causes of radiculopathy that include blood deficiency, trauma, neoplastic combination, spinal infections, postradiation harm, immune-arbitrated diseases; these present with electrodiagnostic patterns alike from nerve root compression.55% victims showed radiculopathy in their MRI while H-Reflex was abnormal in 80% victims. Out of these 80%, 40% showed concerned with one side absence, 35% mutual absence and 5% decreased H size. There was significant equivalence between MRI and H-reflex study accompanying a p value of 0.013. According to kappa cooperative assessment there was moderate substance of agreement 'tween these two tests (Kappa-0.468). An interesting finding was that 5 sufferers out of 9 the one had normal MRI; had odd H-Reflex result (55.56%). The study can be concluded that H-mechanical is an efficient demonstrative tool for lumbosacral radiculopathy as evidenced by 80% bizarre result, whereas MRI displayed 55% positive results.It is a useful demonstrative tool because individuals accompanying L-S Radiculopathy exhibit an aberrant H-Reflex in 80% of cases. More than 55% of patients accompanying clinically diagnosed radiculopathy the one also have normal MRIs leave abundance of potential for further investigation into either functional change can happen former than structural oddities seen on MRI.

Author(s) Details:

Sandip Kumar Parui,

Department of Physiology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V5/article/view/11388

The Effects of Running Ultramarathons on the Structures of the Knee: An MRI Study | Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

The goal of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MR) to analyse the impact of ultramarathon running on the structures of the normal knee and any pre-existing abnormalities of the knee. It was proposed that the race worsens the overuse injuries unique to marathon running but has no impact on the MR appearance of knee injuries that have already occurred or have healed. Ten prospectively chosen runners who finished the Comrades Marathon between 1997 and 2002 had their knees scanned using magnetic resonance imaging. The knees of participants were scanned 48 hours before the race, 48 hours after the race, and one month after the event. All knee injuries found on scans taken just before the race were scored using MR imaging, and the scores obtained following the race were compared. All knees that were scanned before the race had abnormally high levels of joint fluid, it was discovered. In five runners, this quantity was discovered to have grown further right away following the race, whereas it stayed unaltered in the other five. One month later, five runners had reduced joint fluid and five had not altered, although the runners in each of these five groups were different from the runners in the post-race groups. Prior to the competition, the distal patellar and quadriceps tendons of four runners showed increased signal intensity. On post-race scans, six athletes had decreased or remained the same. On scans performed a month later, three runners showed a decrease in signal intensity, two runners showed complete resolution, and one runner showed no change. The race had no impact on old, healed injuries to ligaments, tendons, or other knee structures.

In conclusion, it seems that the occasion has a negative impact on those runners who begin the ultramarathon with tendinopathy, which MRI criteria on the post-race scan indicate worsens. The overuse injury's scan look a month after the race either got better or disappeared entirely. Running in the Comrades Marathon does not seem to result in bone bruising or meniscal injury in the knees of runners.

Author (s) Details:

Glen J. Hagemann,
Asset Health, 41 Cole St, Somerset West, South Africa.

Arie M. Rijke,
MSE-SEAS, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-0745, USA.

Peter D. Corr,
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O.Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7423

Drug Delivery Control Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Descriptive Approach | Chapter 1 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 9

This chapter explains the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in 3D MRI as a drug distribution control mechanism. It describes how to evaluate the effectiveness of medicine distribution by using MRI scans to identify and distinguish the cluster intensity created by Iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs). IO-NPs connected to macrophages were injected into the infected mouse's calf eye. Due to the low resolution of MRI and the tiny size of the IO-NPs, the situation was challenging. IO-NPs act as a marker in MRI and their high intensity allows us to monitor the macrophages' development. Using an image processing method, the number and location of IO-NPs that were spreading into the infected mouse leg were estimated. The region of interest was selected using a fuzzy Clustering approach (ROI). IO-NPs were found and extracted from MRI images using a 3D model of the femoral region. The findings collected demonstrate that the suggested technique is successful in enhancing the management of targeted medication delivery. It supports the improvement of therapy and creates a promising new line of inquiry for nanomedicine applications.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammed Almijalli,

Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Khalid Alhussaini,

Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Adham Aleid,

Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Abdullatif Alwasel,

Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Ali Saad,

Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V9/article/view/7374

Capsid-Based Platform for Nano-Theranostic Reagent as Modularized Capsule: A Review | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

As a multipurpose platform for cancer targeting, imaging, and therapeutic applications, the hepatitis E virus nanoparticle (HEVNP), a modularized theranostics capsule made from the HEV virus-like particle (VLP), has been introduced. This can be achieved by encasing drugs, DNA/RNA, or even inorganic beads inside the capsule's core and attaching various functional peptides and/or chemicals to the surface of the capsule utilising the flexible domain of HEVNPs. In terms of efficient cell penetration through active endocytosis, polyvalence (the capacity to attach multiple copies of active substances), and biocompatibility, VLPs offer benefits (the ability to withstand proteolytic degradation after delivery). In a number of medicinal applications, such as tumor-directed hyperthermia therapy, cancer imaging, and oral vaccinations, HEVNP's tumour targeting and encapsulating characteristics might be exploited as a modular theranostics nano-capsule. gene therapies that target certain organs or tissues as well as non-targeting treatments.

Author(s) Details:

Chun-Chieh Chen,
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, USA.

Marie Stark,
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, USA.

Mo A. Baikoghli,
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, USA.

R. Holland Cheng,
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V6/article/view/7246

“Duct-Road Sign”: Differentiating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas | Chapter 12 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The current study hypothesis emphasises the existence of possible indications of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) in this scenario, especially in atypical (nonhypervascular) PNETs, which would assist in differential diagnosis and avoid misinterpretation. As a result, the current investigation was carried out to look for possible MPD imaging signals in MRI for PNETs. The institutional review boards of our two tertiary institutions gave their approval to this retrospective investigation. The study was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1983; however, due to the retroactive nature of the investigation, informed consent was not required. To evaluate the association between MRI diagnosis for PNETs and the frequency of duct-road sign appearing on MRI, a Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was determined. For the objective of distinguishing PNETs from PDACs in a broad sense, the duct-road indication had a sensitivity of 84 percent and a specificity of 100 percent as a criteria for PNET. The specificity was also 100 percent if the duct-road sign was characterised as a "typical curving road sign" of type II in the limited sense. In addition, when PNET enhancement is abnormal (heterogeneous and nonhypervascular on MRI), the duct-road sign might be a useful indirect characteristic in this situation. As a result, we advocate this novel imaging sign, duct-road sign, which is similar to "various paths of the MPD" and may be useful in correlating PNETs rather than PDACs. The duct-road sign, in addition to typical imaging findings, has a strong correlation with the differential diagnosis of PNET and may be useful in distinguishing between the two PDACs produce PNETs. TDR analysis in MRI with a point > 7.7 might also be utilised to identify PNET rather than PDAC.

Author(S) Details

Bo Xiao
Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China and Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, China.

Zhi-Qiong Jiang
Department of Geratology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, PR China.

Jin-Xiang Hu
Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Xiao-Ming Zhang
Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, China.

Hai-Bo Xu
Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V10/article/view/6964

Spinal Cord Ependymoma Presenting as Recurrent Pain Abdomen in a Child with Post-operative Follow UP | Chapter 14 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Spinal cord ependymomas are the second most common tumour of the spinal cord in children. Intramedullary tumours must be found as soon as possible to avoid neurological complications. The most important aspects are epidemiology and overall survival characteristics. We discuss the case of a 14-year-old kid who was evaluated for an eight-month history of stomach discomfort. On him, he had ultrasonography, barium tests, upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) endoscopy, contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CECT) abdomen, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to his early diagnosis, he had a nerve sheath tumour of the distal spinal cord. An ependymoma was detected after the tumour was surgically excised. The youngster suffered from persistent stomach discomfort and had been treated for several months. The youngster experienced chronic abdomen pain and was treated for a variety of ailments, but examinations showed a spinal cord tumour as the underlying illness. The only technique to identify these tumours is by cross-sectional imaging, such as MRI.

Author(S) Details

Shashi Sharma
Department of Paediatrics, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Dashrath Rao
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Abhivind Bhutani
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Chakshu Batra
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Monu Sarin
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Neeru Kapur
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Natasha Nargotra
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Nalin Chugh
Department of Radiodiagnosis SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

Naresh Chander Arora
Department of Orthopedics, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana) 122505, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6909

Brain Morphology and Psychological Study in Children and Youth with Antisocial Behaviour | Chapter 04 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Introduction: In Georgia, antisocial behaviour (ASB) in children and adolescents is a public health issue. Despite this, no comprehensive investigation of the risk factors for ASB has been conducted that could help to prevent the disease from spreading.

The goal of this study is to conduct a systematic investigation of the constitutional and environmental risk factors in children and adolescents in Georgia who have a CD or AS inclination.

The Freiburg Personality Inventory was used to identify children and youth with an ASB propensity (AST) (FBI). A semi-structured clinical interview was used to assess the biological and psychosocial components that contribute to AST. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the anatomy and morphology of the brain (MRI).

Results: Most axial aspects of the DSM multi-axial system had significant abnormalities in children/youth with AST, but not in brain anatomy evaluated by MRI.

Conclusion: Early detection of ASB tendencies, as well as a link between certain psychiatric, medical, and family stress factors, will likely lower the number of children/youth with ASB and facilitate their social integration.

Author(S) Details

Irma Khachidze
I. Beritashvili  Centre of  Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia and Saint Andrew Georgian University (SANGU) Georgia Tbilisi, Georgia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6333

Rhinophyma Nose: A Review | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 This is a case report of a rhinophyma patient who had respiratory problems as well as an aesthetic defect. This study looks into the prevalence and symptoms of this disorder in other parts of the world, as well as treatment possibilities.

Author(S) Details

Vishal Mago
Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, AIIMS, India.

Neetu Kochhar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V6/article/view/4508

Study on MRI Spectrum of ACL Tears in Pediatric Age Group: A Case Series | Chapter 12 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among adolescents due to their high participation in outdoor activities. Knee ligament tears are almost always accompanied by other injuries. We demonstrated a variety of injuries seen in the paediatric teenage population. Routine radiography misses a variety of knee problems, such as meniscal rips and bone marrow oedema. In the creation of this spectrum, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial.

Methods: Five male patients, ages 13 to 18 (average age 15), with diverse types of knee damage underwent knee MRI scans and were examined for a range of ACL rupture and associated symptoms. A specific injury could involve the ACL, the menisco-femoral link, or the medial collateral ligaments. Because of their undeveloped skeletons, children are also prone to bony avulsion fractures. The study plays an important part in management, according to the description of the individual injury. Patients with a history of knee injury or disease were not allowed to participate in the trial.

The bulk of the patients belonged to the paediatric teen age group (average age 15 years). The left knee was damaged 60% of the time, while the right knee was hurt 40% of the time. Meniscal tears were found in 20% of instances, but were seen in 40% of those who had a bone injury. The only way to detect these was through an MRI study, as the plain skiagram was normal. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was implicated in 40% of the cases.

Conclusion: ACL tears and concomitant injuries in children and adolescents have a different spectrum and should not be diagnosed or treated the same way they are in adults. Because of the prevalence of epiphyseal nonunion in this age group, MRI evaluation is essential in the diagnosis of such severe injuries.

Author (S) Details

Shashi Sharma
Department of Pediatrics, SGT Medical College, Gurgaon (Haryana), India.

Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Naresh Chander Arora
Department of Orthopedics, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Manav Sethi
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Civil Hospital, Sector 6, Panchkula (Haryana), India.

Neeru Kapur
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Monu Sarin
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V15/article/view/3872

Choroidal Fissure Cysts in Children-Dilemma in Follow Up | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 Background: A tiny cyst in the choroidal fissure characterises choroidal fissure cyst, a developmental variation. These cysts might be neuroglial, neuroepithelial, or arachnoid in nature and are localised to a certain site. These are considered accidental results in standard radiological cross-sectional imaging investigations. Because of their asymptomatic nature or ambiguous complaints, there is a quandary in following up on these cysts, which leads to a lot of controversy.

Methods: Five children aged 10 to 16 years who arrived to the outpatient department with a vague headache, vertigo, or unexplained convulsions had their heads scanned with non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out any cerebral pathology.

Three of the patients had pure cysts in the brain, whereas the other two had tuberculomas of varying sizes and types that looked like cysts. NCCT head findings revealed a tiny cyst in the right choroid fissure in one of the brain cyst cases, which included a 14-year-old female. This was eventually confirmed as a choroidal fissure cyst on multiplanar and multisectional plain MRI. Vesicular cysticercosis and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst were the other two cystic diseases. MR spectroscopy confirmed that the other two were tuberculomas with ring enhancement.

Conclusion: Due to the patient's and clinician's concerns about follow-up, the case of the choroidal fissure cyst warranted extra care. We looked into the destiny and follow-up of these types of cases in the literature.

Author (s) Details

Shashi Sharma
Department of Pediatrics, SGT Medical College, Gurgaon (Haryana), India.

Dr. B. B. Sharma
Department of Radio-diagnosis, SGT Medical College Budhera (Gurgaon), India.

Manav Sethi
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Gurugram, India.

Dr. Puneet Gupta
Department of Radio-diagnosis, SGT Medical College Budhera (Gurgaon), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V8/article/view/2165

Comparison between Neurocysticercosis (NCC) and Central Nervous System (CNS) Tuberculoma in Children: Dilemma over Clinico-Radiological Diagnosis? | Chapter 12 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: The clinical presentations and imaging of neurocysticercosis (NCC) and central nervous system (CNS) tuberculomas frequently coincide. Despite the fact that the aetio-pathology in both scenarios is completely different, there is a lot of confusion in their clinico-radiological evaluation because the findings and appearances are very similar in many respects. In the background of their presentation, the emphasis should be placed on the salient features of each entity. The goal of the investigation was to show how the clinico-radiological findings in both entities differed.

Materials and Methods: Ten patients aged 5 to 15 years (mean age 10.4 years) with headaches and/or seizures had MRI alone or in combination with CT scans. In all of the instances, basic T1W, T2W, T2W FLAIR, and T1W contrast tests were performed. Only three patients had CT scans, and two of them received contrast.

Results: In post-contrast MRI, eight patients showed ring enhancing lesions, whereas two had just cystic lesions ranging from 1 to 3 cm in diameter.

Conclusion: Both modalities verified seven cases of tuberculomas, with one case remaining inconclusive. According to the findings, two instances were diagnosed with neurocysticercosis. The goal of distinguishing between NCC and tuberculomas in the brain was a fair achievable goal, and it was met. In several situations, contrast MRI and spectroscopy revealed a variety of findings for the different features. The results of MR spectroscopy show a lipid peak in the first and an amino acid peak in the second.

Author (S) Details

Bharat Bhushan Sharma
Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Medical College & RI, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.

Shashi Sharma
Department of Paediatrics, SGT Medical college & RI, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.

Natasha Nargotra
Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Medical College & RI, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.

Nalin Chugh
Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Medical College & RI, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.

Ritu Dhaka
Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGT Medical College & RI, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V7/article/view/2040

Relaxation Rate Dispersion of Blood due to Paramagnetic Ions: An Implications for Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Dispersion Imaging | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 The Field cycling approach was used to investigate the proton relaxation rate dispersion of paramagnetic ions in blood samples over a frequency range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz. We used a relatively high magnetic field to magnetise the samples first (0.5 T). This field was swiftly (1 ms) lowered to a lower value in the range 0.1 mT - 0.5 T, where the excited proton spin may relax over a time period of roughly 3T1max, using electronic means. The magnetic field is then swiftly increased to a greater level in order to detect the NMR signal. The relaxation characteristics were investigated using a three-compartment water proton-spin exchange model. We calculated a correlation frequency for each compartment by fitting the dispersion curves to a sum of Lorentz distributions. Low concentrations of paramagnetic ions have a significant impact on relaxation rate dispersion in the low frequency area of 10 MHz, according to our findings. This effect could be utilised to map inorganic paramagnetic or organic free-radical chemicals employed as contrast agents in medical applications, as well as to trace cellular activity by subtracting MR pictures acquired at high (>100 mT) and low (10 mT) relaxation fields. Such picture sequences could be utilised to investigate the brain's oxygen status and metabolism, as well as the production and distribution of reactive oxygen species. This approach, known as "Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Dispersion Imaging" (MARDI), could be used to study the evolution of numerous neurological illnesses such as stroke, MS, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumours. It may also be appropriate for visualising tumour oxygenation and in vivo ROS distributions in radiation therapy, which might be useful in dose planning as well as assessing and optimising the effects of different radiation therapy regimes. The utilisation of an Overhauser-enhanced pre-polarized MRI system for imaging studies of tumour hypoxia and red-ox state as radiotherapy prognostic variables has been proven.

Author (s) Details

Bertil R. R. Persson
Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Lars Malmgren
Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden and MAX Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Leif G. Salford
Department of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V12/article/view/1370

Presenting Series of Seven Cases of MRI Spectrum of Symptomatic and Non – Symptomatic Tarlov Cysts for Orthopedic Management Point of View | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol . 3

 Such cysts are perineural cysts that are located mainly in the sacral zone. In this type of the cyst, the dorsal nerve root is encased. As an accidental discovery, the object is infrequently found. These are sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) that are detected in cross-sectional imaging modalities, especially in magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). We present a set of seven cases in which these perineural cysts have been detected during routine lumbosacral spine imaging. Many of these patients underwent lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) for backache or any other pelvic problems. Computerized tomography ( CT) myelography also assisted in diagnosis and bone remodelling linked to cysts in one event. Three patients were found to be symptomatic and the size and position of the cysts corresponded to the severity of the complaints. In three of our instances, the underlying formation of these entities was also matched by etiopathogenesis. As the size of these cysts was minimal and did not lead to patient problems, four patients were asymptomatic. MRI is the best way of diagnosing these perineural cysts that are responsible for multiple forms of myelopathies. In non-contrast MRI studies, T2WI sequences are the best way to delineate the scale, shape, outline and position of these cysts. This further elaborates their expansion to the surrounding regions as well. To search for further morphological characteristics of these cysts, MR myelography is adjuvant.

Author (s) Details

B. B. Sharma
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India.

Dr. Tanu Singh
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India.

Meghna Varma
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/286