Sharing Experience Regarding Screening of Intestinal Parasite by Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Analysis among Agricultural Workers in Rural Nigeria | Chapter 14 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Parasite load (PL) is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbors, while quantitative parasitology deals with measures to quantify PL in samples of hosts and to make statistical comparisons of parasitism across host samples. An estimated 450 million people worldwide suffer from intestinal parasites (IP), which are organisms that live and struggle within their host for harm or symbiosis. The majority of these cases occur in developing nations, where they primarily affect schoolchildren, rural residents, and peasant farmers. Over 3 billion people are infected with IP globally. PL in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers.

Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square.

Results: Wet preparation technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. Sonography plays a complementary role to Laboratory investigation to confirm the presence of IP, location, and complications of the parasitic load.

Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides. Sonography complements the role of the Concentration method of Laboratory stool analysis better than the Wet Preparation method for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

E. A. Odumeru
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

C. B. Njoku
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

C. Enwuru
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

K. Agwunobi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

M. Mukangendo
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

I. Kayitesi
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/406

Application of MRI Imaging of Focal Adenomyosis and Adenomyotic Cyst: A Case Report of a 42-Year-Old Female | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Adenomyosis is a common benign uterine disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. Adenomyosis is defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. It is hypothesized that factors such as uterine trauma, pregnancy, postpartum endometritis, or caesarean delivery may contribute to its development. Adenomyosis has been noted to occur in about 30% of the general female population and the reported prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens varies from 5% to 70%.

A case of a 42-year-old female, nulligravida, with a medical history of complete spontaneous miscarriage five years ago, was reported. The patient experienced uncontrolled bleeding, necessitating treatment with cervical cerclage.

The patient presented with menstrual menometrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea treated with oral contraceptive pills but the symptoms persisted. Transvaginal sonography showed a globular uterine enlargement with one leiomyoma and thickened uterine walls. Vascular malformation or adenomyosis were suspected. An MRI was performed, confirming findings consistent with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis can become a debilitating disease in women. It was also noted that the definitive treatment of adenomyosis is currently hysterectomy; however, uterine artery embolization has been described as an alternative treatment, though its outcomes are not always satisfactory. MRI offers the advantage of radiation-free imaging, superior visualization of uterine morphology, and the ability to identify specific signs that facilitate accurate diagnosis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Guarín JMP
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Río JV
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Benítez GM
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Cordón FD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2277

Sharing Experience Regarding Screening of Intestinal Parasite by Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Analysis among Agricultural Workers in Rural Nigeria | Chapter 14 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Parasite load (PL) is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbors, while quantitative parasitology deals with measures to quantify PL in samples of hosts and to make statistical comparisons of parasitism across host samples. An estimated 450 million people worldwide suffer from intestinal parasites (IP), which are organisms that live and struggle within their host for harm or symbiosis. The majority of these cases occur in developing nations, where they primarily affect schoolchildren, rural residents, and peasant farmers. Over 3 billion people are infected with IP globally. PL in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers.

Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square.

Results: Wet preparation technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. Sonography plays a complementary role to Laboratory investigation to confirm the presence of IP, location, and complications of the parasitic load.

Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides. Sonography complements the role of the Concentration method of Laboratory stool analysis better than the Wet Preparation method for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

E. A. Odumeru
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

 

C. B. Njoku
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

C. Enwuru
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

 

K. Agwunobi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

 

M. Mukangendo
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

 

I. Kayitesi
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/406

Acrania, a Rare and Lethal Congenital Malformation-A Case Report | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Acrania is a rare lethal congenital anomaly in which there is partial or complete absence of the fetal scalp bones (calvarium). The brain tissue is completely but abnormally developed.

 

We present a 22-year-old primigravida, an unmarried secondary school drop-out who presented for prenatal care at 31 weeks of gestation and developed pre-term prelabor rupture of membranes a week later. An obstetric scan at the presentation revealed acrania of the fetus and she was offered medical termination of the pregnancy which was declined insisting on awaiting fetal maturity. She was managed conservatively until 34 weeks of gestation when she had a lower segment caesarean section. The Outcome was a live 1.8kg female fetus with acrania and other malformations who suffered an Early Neonatal Death.

 

Early antenatal booking with a booking scan as early as 10 weeks would have enabled an early diagnosis of this very rare and lethal congenital malformation and would have allowed for adequate counselling and planning including medical termination of the pregnancy at an early gestational age when it would have been more acceptable. The patient was exposed to avoidable pregnancy morbidity and its sequelae for a fetus unlikely to survive beyond the neonatal period.

Author(s) Details:

Okagua, Kenneth Eghuan,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Okagua, Joyce,
Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Eli, Sukarime,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13796

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)-Pandora Box- Diagnostic Evaluation by Transvaginal Sonography (TVS), Hysteroscopy and Histopathology as Gold Standard | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

 Background: The term "Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)" refers to abnormal genital tract bleeding, which accounts for 10-15% of all Gynecology department outdoor patient visits. Endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, submucous fibroids, and anovulation are all common causes of AUB. The incidence of unnecessary surgical interventions and hysterectomies can be reduced if AUB is correctly diagnosed.

Goals and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the utility of transvaginal sonography (TVS) to hysteroscopy in AUB patients.

Materials and Methods: A one-year prospective and comparative study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology on 100 patients with AUB who attended the OPD. In all of the patients who presented with AUB, TVS and hysteroscopy were performed, and further procedures were performed as needed. The results were evaluated to see how well the TVS pick up rate compared to hysteroscopy, with the biopsy report serving as the gold standard.

Overall, it appears that hysteroscopy provides tissue diagnosis closure, but the p-value is not significant. Conclusion: Combining all three modalities aids in the proper diagnosis of AUB aetiology and improved patient care by decreasing unnecessary hysterectomies.

Author (S) Details

Monika Jindal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MMMCH, Kumarhatti, Solan-173229, India.

Monika Gupta
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MMMCH, Kumarhatti, Solan-173229, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V13/article/view/2723