Sharing Experience Regarding Screening of Intestinal Parasite by Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Analysis among Agricultural Workers in Rural Nigeria | Chapter 14 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Parasite load (PL) is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbors, while quantitative parasitology deals with measures to quantify PL in samples of hosts and to make statistical comparisons of parasitism across host samples. An estimated 450 million people worldwide suffer from intestinal parasites (IP), which are organisms that live and struggle within their host for harm or symbiosis. The majority of these cases occur in developing nations, where they primarily affect schoolchildren, rural residents, and peasant farmers. Over 3 billion people are infected with IP globally. PL in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers.

Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square.

Results: Wet preparation technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. Sonography plays a complementary role to Laboratory investigation to confirm the presence of IP, location, and complications of the parasitic load.

Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides. Sonography complements the role of the Concentration method of Laboratory stool analysis better than the Wet Preparation method for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

E. A. Odumeru
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

C. B. Njoku
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

C. Enwuru
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

K. Agwunobi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

M. Mukangendo
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

I. Kayitesi
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/406

Clinical Chemistry Fundamentals and Laboratory Techniques |Book Publisher International

 

Clinical Chemistry, also known as Chemical Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry, or Medical Biochemistry the branch of chemistry that is concerned with the analysis of body fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

 

Now, in clinical chemistry, there are various types of techniques applied to all body fluids to assist in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for many diseases.

 

All biochemical tests come under chemical pathology. These are performed on any body fluids, but mostly on serum or plasma.

 

This large group of tests can be categorised into sub-specialities which contain:

 

General chemistry: contains commonly ordered tests such as LFT, RFT, and blood glucose tests.

Special chemistry: Contains elaborate techniques such as electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassay, and tumour markers.

Clinical enzymology: The study of enzymes and their activities.

Clinical endocrinology: Responsible for the study of hormones and the diagnosis of endocrine disorders.

Toxicology: Responsible for the study of drugs of abuse and other chemicals.

Therapeutic drug monitoring: Responsible for measuring therapeutic medication levels to optimise dosage.

Body fluids analysis: Responsible for the chemical analysis of body fluids to diagnose a wide array of diseases.

 

The primary purpose of a clinical chemistry laboratory is to facilitate the correct performance of analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding patient diagnosis and treatment. The achievement of reliable results requires that the clinical laboratory scientist be able to use basic supplies and equipment correctly and possess an understanding of fundamental concepts critical to any analytic procedure.

Author(s) Details

 

Abazar Mohmoud Ismail Siddig
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-64-0

Sharing Experience Regarding Screening of Intestinal Parasite by Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Analysis among Agricultural Workers in Rural Nigeria | Chapter 14 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background: Parasite load (PL) is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbors, while quantitative parasitology deals with measures to quantify PL in samples of hosts and to make statistical comparisons of parasitism across host samples. An estimated 450 million people worldwide suffer from intestinal parasites (IP), which are organisms that live and struggle within their host for harm or symbiosis. The majority of these cases occur in developing nations, where they primarily affect schoolchildren, rural residents, and peasant farmers. Over 3 billion people are infected with IP globally. PL in our locality has not been assessed, or determined, and comparisons made based on biographic data of the peasant farmers.

Objective: The study was aimed at determining the PL of peasant farmers in Emekuku by Laboratory and Sonographic examinations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select 126 subjects within the age group of 20 years to 90 years of both sexes. Stool specimens were collected, Wet preparation and Concentration Methods were used for laboratory investigation and comparisons were made. Sonography was used for the confirmation and characterization of IP. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and chi-square.

Results: Wet preparation technique recorded 10 (7.94%) positive cases while the Concentration method recorded 44 (34.92%) positive cases (P < 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides amongst other IPs had the highest manifestation in the study, most prevalent in the age group 80 to 89 years,10 (62.5%) and more occurring in the female 10 (15.87%) and significant (P =0.039967). Sonographic indices for confirmation of IP were 4 (80.0%) out of 5. Sonography plays a complementary role to Laboratory investigation to confirm the presence of IP, location, and complications of the parasitic load.

Conclusion: Sonography complements the role of Laboratory stool analysis for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides. Sonography complements the role of the Concentration method of Laboratory stool analysis better than the Wet Preparation method for the presence, characterization, location, and complications of IP such as Ascaris lumbricoides.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

E. A. Odumeru
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

 

C. B. Njoku
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

C. Enwuru
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

 

K. Agwunobi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State College of Health and Management Sciences, Amaigbo, Nigeria.

 

M. Mukangendo
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda.

 

I. Kayitesi
Department of Medical Imaging Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Remera Campus, Kigali, Rwanda

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/406

Setting up a Structured Laboratory Mentoring Programme: A Detailed Study | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 3

 Introduction: A laboratory mentoring programme can establish and solidify quality management systems and help laboratories achieve accreditation goals. An interactive training approach that provides competency-based training is the need for transferring skills, knowledge and attitudes. Different mentoring approaches have been used with varying levels of success. The study provides a guide to implementing a structured laboratory mentorship programme based on their practical field experience.

 

Method: The study is based on experience in the Lesotho mentorship model as well as the subsequent rollout of a similar approach in the other African countries of Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and Cameroon between 2009 and 2011. The importance of experience and improving skills level skill level for mentors has been examined here as inexperienced mentors may initially need to spend more time working in laboratories than experienced mentors.

 

Summary: We highlight critical elements to consider when setting up a long-term, sustainable and well-structured mentorship programme. These elements include well-defined goals; sufficient length of mentor engagement on-site; standardised approach across laboratories; measurement of progress using standardised tools; well-structured reporting mechanisms; alignment of the programme with overall Ministry of Health plans; and selection and training of the mentors. These elements will differ in application, depending on countries’ needs and available resources. It has been observed that the WHO-AFRO SLIPTA program can help in setting clear overall goals and objectives. A structured approach allows for scalability, comparison across laboratories and countries and an easier approach to budgeting and planning for countries intending to set up similar programmes.

Author(s) Details:

Talkmore Maruta,
Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lesotho.

Philip Rotz,
Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lesotho.

Trevor Peter,
Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lesotho.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V3/article/view/13157

Assessment of Safety Culture in Tertiary Institutional Chemical Analytical Laboratories in Oghara and Warri, Delta State, Nigeria| Chapter 1 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 The objective concerning this study was to assess the security culture in 20 synthetic analytical laboratories in the Nigerian Delta state towns of Oghara and Warri.  This was attained through a determination of the safety acting between tertiary instruction chemical labs and industrial laboratories, private and administration-owned laboratories, and mechanics and non-technical labs. The 5-point Likert scale inquiry and a common checklist were the research means used in this study. A t-test corresponding of private and government-owned workshops revealed that the security culture of private-owned labs, regardless of whether they were technical or higher education, was more important (P < 0.05) than that of government-owned labs. Analysis of t-test for the survey indicated no significant distinctness between tertiary instruction and industrial labs (P > 0.05), with a mean value of 3.69798 for after second education laboratories and 3.62842 for industrialized laboratories. Analysis of t-test likewise indicated P < 0.05 for technical (M = 75.00) and non-mechanics (M = 56.11) tertiary education labs. The overall mean for tertiary education synthetic analytical labs is 67.90, which is higher than the overall mean for modern chemical analysis labs, which is 54.50. It is considered that laboratories set up a administrative safety committee-surpassed internal review mechanism for occurrences and corrective conduct, and hold recurring safety conferences on the lessons that can be win from accidents. All analytical workshops should also implement a powerful and effective safety administration system.

Author(s) Details:

S. A. Agaja,
Industrial Safety and Environmental Technology Department, Petroleum Training Institute, P. M. B. 20, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria.

G. J. Birma,
Industrial Safety and Environmental Technology Department, Petroleum Training Institute, P. M. B. 20, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria.

C. J. Ndu,
Industrial Safety and Environmental Technology Department, Petroleum Training Institute, P. M. B. 20, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8883