Novel Nasal Mask for Effective Inhalational Sedation in Pediatric Patients | Chapter 11 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

Background: Conscious sedation is a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which the patient responds to verbal commands either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.

 

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O) required for effective sedation in anxious children undergoing dental treatment and to assess behaviour, patient acceptance, parental satisfaction, postoperative complications, and ease of mask manipulation by the dentist during N2O–O2 sedation.

 

Materials and Methods: A total of 40 children aged 6–10 years requiring dental treatment were treated using N2O sedation. Observations included the level of N2O required for optimal sedation, patient behaviour, acceptance, clinical recovery score, and postoperative complications. Parental satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire post-treatment. The descriptive and inferential statistical data were analyzed using the IBM Corporation Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics for Windows, version 20.0.

 

Results: N2O concentration ranged from 25 to 70% with a minimal rate of complication like nausea, vomiting, headache, and mild ambulatory difficulties. Sedation was highly effective with 25–50% N2O concentration. Approximately 92.5% of children were fully cooperative, and the dentist was able to comfortably place the mask in 92.5% of cases. Significant improvement in patient behaviour with minimal complications was observed, and 100% of parents were satisfied with the treatment.

 

Conclusion: Inhalational sedation with N2O using the Porter Silhouette mask results in effective sedation, increased patient comfort, and high parental acceptance in providing dental treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

Santhosh Priya A. K. R.
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, India.

 

Jayanthi Mungara
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, India.

 

Deepak P.
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/2051

 

Prevalence of Schistosomiasis among Children Less than 18 Years in Kilosa District, Tanzania: A 3-Year Retrospective Review | Chapter 9 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 4

Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Tanzania. However, in the past 15 years, mass drug administration (MDA) targeting school children has remained the mainstay for its control. Despite preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in school children, the prevalence of schistosomiasis in children aged 5-17 years in Kilosa district over a 3-year period has not been reported. This study determined the prevalence of schistosomiasis among children in Kilosa district.

 

A retrospective study was conducted using laboratory data records from the record books of selected health facilities in four wards of Kilosa District. Samples of urine and stool submitted by young children to the laboratories of health facilities between 2014 and 2016 were recorded.

 

A total of 702 samples were collected from the laboratory records books involving their age, sex and schistosome species. Of the 702 individuals, 541 were examined for urinary schistosomiasis and 161 for intestinal schistosomiasis; 31 (5.7%) were infected with S. haematobium and 11 (6.8%) with S. mansoni respectively.

 

However, the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis in the study area was 6.27%. Among males, the prevalence of S. haematobium was 1.00% and S. mansoni was 2.35% while among females, the prevalence of S. haematobium was 3.96% and S. mansoni was 1.00%. Children aged 13-17 years were infected with both species, with S. haematobium at 5.11% and S. mansoni at 1.99%. Ruhembe Ward had the highest prevalence of both species, with S. haematobium at 8.62% and S. mansoni at 5.17%. The findings confirm that schistosomiasis is a public health problem in the district. Therefore, it is recommended that mass drug administration should be carried out in the district.

 

Author (s) Details

Nicholas J. Kavana
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v4/1246

Shaping Young Minds: The Power of Social Networking and New Media on Child Socialization in Oman | Chapter 6 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 6

This chapter addresses one of the most significant and contemporary issues: the role of Social Networking and New Media in reshaping the socialization process of children in the Sultanate of Oman. To provide a deep and thorough discussion, the chapter draws upon a scientific study that highlighted both the positive and negative effects of these new media on key dimensions such as language, identity, values, and religious practices. In addition, the chapter presents essential concepts like new media, the Internet, social networks, and socialization, alongside related sub-concepts that influence these dimensions. The goal is to offer a comprehensive understanding of how new media impacts the social and cultural development of Omani children. This analysis builds on previous research conducted by the authors, an exploratory study that employed a descriptive approach and gathered field data through a social survey. The survey was administered to a sample of 270 students from nine primary schools in Muscat. The findings of the study revealed many important insights into how new media influences students' socialization, providing valuable recommendations and perspectives for educators, policymakers, and researchers who are focused on the evolving role of new media in children's socialization.

 

Author (s) Details

Wafa Al-Maamari
Department of Sociology & Social Work, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

 

Emad Farouk Saleh
Department of Sociology & Social Work, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

 

Ahmed T Helal
Department of Sociology & Social Work, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

 

Magdy M. Mostafa
Department of Sociology & Social Work, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

 

Anwar El-Rawas
Department of Mass Communication, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v6/2710

Influence of Family Environment on Physical Health of Children and Adolescents | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 10

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the impact of family environment on the physical health of children and adolescents.

Method: The literature search method was used, with CNKI and Web of Science as the main data sources. Fifty-seven papers were compiled to explain the concepts of physical fitness and family environment. Taking BMI, sleep quality, and physical activity as examples, the impact of the two major aspects of family environment - psychological environment and physical environment - on the physical health of children and adolescents was analyzed.

Results: Safe parent-child attachment, democratic parenting style, reasonable dietary management, stable living environment, and nuclear family are more conducive to the normal development of BMI in children and adolescents. Safe parent-child attachment, democratic parenting style, stable and tidy living environment, and nuclear family are more conducive to children and adolescents obtaining good sleep quality. Secure attachment, authoritative parenting style, scientific family sports behavior environment, family physical environment with the low disorder, complete family structure, correct health awareness and exercise behavior of parents are more conducive to the development of children’s and adolescents' sports activities.

Conclusion: Family environment is an important influencing factor on the physical health of children and adolescents, and a good family psychological and physical environment can help improve the physical health level of children and adolescents.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v10/2880

Play Therapy for Children's Behavioural Issues: Pre-post Intervention Analysis | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 1

This chapter examines the effectiveness of play therapy in reducing behavioral problems among children aged 3 to 7 years enrolled in pre-primary education at an unaided school. Behavioral issues were identified through assessments by qualified educational counselors. A total of 42 students participated in structured play therapy sessions. To evaluate the therapy's impact, a pre-test and post-test design was employed, with assessments conducted before and after the intervention. The findings reveal a significant reduction in behavioral problems following play therapy, highlighting its potential as an effective intervention for early childhood behavioral issues.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rekha K S
Brahma Psychological Service (Pynadath House), Angamaly, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v1/2841

Non-pharmacological Therapies for Tic Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Methods, Advantages, and Limitations | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 6

Background: Non-pharmacological therapies are an important method for the treatment of tic disorders in children and adolescents, characterized by significant efficacy, wide applicability, and few side effects. To some extent, they complement the deficiencies of pharmacotherapy, yet they have not received sufficient attention and application.

Objective: The objective of the study is to understand the main methods, advantages, and disadvantages of non-pharmacological therapies for tic disorders in children and adolescents.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords [“children” or “adolescents” or “youths”] and [“tic disorders” or “Tourette syndrome”] in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and CNKI over the past 25 years.

Results: A total of 58 papers were included. Previous literature shows that non-pharmacological therapies can effectively reduce tic symptoms in children and adolescents, alleviate their negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, improve their school attendance and self-esteem, promote their social development, and improve their quality of life. However, most non-pharmacological therapies lack rigorous operational guidelines and exploration of long-term efficacy. 

Conclusion: Non-pharmacological therapies provide new ideas for the treatment of tic disorders in children and adolescents. Establishing unified operational guidelines, clarifying long-term efficacy, and strengthening the combined application of non-pharmacological and pharmacologic therapies are important directions for future research.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v6/4283

Application of Sensory Integration Training in the Treatment of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Chapter 12 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 7

Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, whose onset cause and mechanism are not yet clear. This article compiles and analyzes a total of 67 relevant pieces of literature from the past 20 years with the keywords "children", "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", and "sensory integration training" through CNKI and Pubmed. The search results show that sensory integration training has a good effect on improving the neurobiochemistry, executive function, sensory integration ability, daily behavior, intelligence, and social adaptation ability of children with ADHD; the combination of sensory integration training and drug therapy has a better effect than sensory integration training or drug therapy alone, and sensory integration training can improve the effectiveness of other non-drug treatments. This article provides researchers with a theoretical basis for ADHD and suggestions for frontline teachers and parents to correctly understand and intervene in children with ADHD.

 

Author (s) Details

 Hou Yongmei

Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v7/824

Leading Causes of Obesity During Childhood and Adolescence | Chapter 1 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The Center for Disease Control considers people between the ages of 2 and 18 to be diagnosed as overweight to be greater than 85 percentiles and obesity to be 95 percentiles or higher. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in body fat, characterized by an increase in adipose tissue, a child is considered obese when his or her weight is greater than 20% of the ideal.

The complications that children suffering from obesity have in the short term are increased blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, alterations in lipid metabolism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, respiratory, metabolic, orthopedic, dermatological problems, metabolic syndrome, cholecystitis, fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, among others. The most important approach to the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as creating awareness of short, medium and long-term lifestyle changes.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Edith Fernanda Villanueva-Mendez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Michelle Arias-Morales
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Luis Ignacio Perez-Velazquez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Gilberto Flores-Vargas
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Maria de Jesus Gallardo-Luna
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Efrain Navarro-Olivos
Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Ligia Gricelda Arce-Padilla
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.

 

Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State. Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v8/509

Prevalence of Malaria among 1-15-Year Children and the Awareness and Acceptability of Malaria Vaccine in Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria | Chapter 6 | Disease and Health Research - New Insights Vol. 1

 

Background: Malaria is still a serious threat to health, especially for children living in endemic areas. Effective control of malaria requires understanding the local epidemiology and community attitudes towards vaccination and other preventive measures.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in children between 1 and 15 years and to evaluate the knowledge and acceptability of the malaria vaccine.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Materials and Methods: Prevalence of malaria parasite in 250 children from 1-15 years attending Akulue Memorial Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria was detected using microscopy. Simultaneously, detailed questionnaires were sent to parents/guardians to assess their knowledge and perspectives regarding malaria vaccination.

Results: Of the 250 children examined, 92.4% tested positive for the Plasmodium parasite. The malaria prevalence was high (>85%) in the three age groups, (1-5), (6-10), and (11-15) years although they were not significantly different (p>0.05). It was not also significantly different between male and female children. This study showed that most parents/guardians were found in favor of introducing a malaria vaccine. The findings highlighted the significance of focused measures to strengthen malaria prevention tactics, such as intensive community education and advocacy efforts to raise vaccination rates.

Conclusion: The results showed that the target children had a high prevalence of malaria infection. Reducing the illness burden among children and attaining sustainable malaria control requires addressing misconceptions and promoting favorable attitudes towards malaria vaccination.

 

Author(s)Details

Elijah Sunday Okwuonu
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Emmanuel Uzoma Anyaoha
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Chinaza Blessing Ukwueze
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Nenrot Sandra Gopep
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Department of Public Health/Mph, Georgia Southern University, USA.

 

Uchenna Athanasius Ubaka
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

 

Emmanuella Chigozirim Agbedo
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Chiamaka Lovelyn Nwankwo
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Patra Chisom Ezeamii
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.Department of Public Health/Mph, Georgia Southern University, USA.

 

Ogochukwu Ruth Abasilim

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, USA.

 

Blessing Chinenye Amoke
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Ikem Chris Okoye (Professor)
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v1/1171

The Implications of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dentistry, Preventative Measures, and Child Management in Dental Clinics | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 COVID-19, declared as a pandemic by WHO, is spreading all over the world expeditiously; its origin was recorded in Wuhan city, China. The first case was reported in Wuhan City in December 2019 and then started spreading all over the world. The virus spreads through the droplets and also through direct contact, all the medical workers, especially dentists are at risk due to the mode of infection. The deadly coronavirus has affected almost all ages, earlier it was found only to be infected for the old aged, but gradually evidence has proved that there is no low risk for even middle-aged and children too. The prevalence of coronavirus infection in the case of children is 1-5% among the cases diagnosed all over the world, but a gradual increased chance of infection for kids could be noticed. The impact of COVID-19 has changed the way of dental practice, and the impact on pediatric dentistry is not reported much. A pediatric dentist plays an important role in educating children about oral health and the maintenance of the same. The review is written focusing on the COVID-19 impact on pediatric dentistry, and precautionary measures to be followed by dentists and the children to lessen the chances of infection and transmission of the virus. Scheduling appointments based on the emergency profile, Proper sterilization, disinfection of the dental clinic and instruments that are being used, Preliminary tests before appointment, Recording Medical history of the children, creating awareness among children and parents, and other infection control measures. A pediatric dentist should be cautious, be able to make decisions suitably and follow the proper guidelines in the COVID times to avoid infection for both self and the child.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. N. Sai Sri Harsha,
Department of Periodontics and Implantology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Md. Waseeullah
Department of Periodontics and Implantology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Sanjana Bhargava
RKDF Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Nabeela Begum
Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Asma Sultana
Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College Dental College Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, India.

Shameena M
Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Priyanaka Deshmukh
People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V6/article/view/14276

Bacteriological Quality in Relation to Sanitation and Hygiene Practices of Tribal Children and Women in Bhadradri Kothagudem District, India | Chapter 7 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

The present study tried to deeply explore the underlying reasons for poor sanitation and hygiene practices of the tribal children and women in the selected tribal areas in India.  Sanitation and hygiene are essential for good health and well - being, survival and development of any individual. Tribal women and children may not have proper awareness on the importance of sanitation. Some of the reasons which hinder the development of their awareness levels is due to various issues like lack of education, improper access to basic facilities like water, toilets etc. This is an exploratory study, conducted on 30 tribal women and 30 tribal children residing in the district of Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana state, India. The data was collected using an interview questionnaire. Most of the countries are facing challenges in providing minimum sanitation facilities to its people as there are certain factors like population explosion and resource depletion which hinder the provision process. Due to this, people are becoming vulnerable to risks in terms of their health, nutrition and basic survival. In India, there are many interior areas where the tribal population is dominant. Most of them do not follow or maintain basic sanitation and hygiene practices due to various issues like lack of education; gender biased disparities; improper access to basic facilities like water, toilets etc., which effect their well - being, nutritional and health status. The study tried to explore and compare the sanitation, hygiene and nutritional practices of tribal children and women in the district of Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana State, India.  Some non - Government organizations (NGOs) also can come forward in helping the children and women to understand the importance and benefits of maintaining good sanitation and hygienic practices; and also, on how to improve their nutritional status.

Author(s) Details:

V. Vijaya Lakshmi,
Department of RMCS, College of Community Science, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500004, India.

M. Milcah Paul,
Department of RMCS, College of Community Science, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V2/article/view/13507

Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Evolutionary Characteristics of Malaria in Children with Sickle Cell Disease | Chapter 7 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in our countries where its distribution is similar to sickle cell disease. According to the latest world report on malaria, there are 249 million cases in 2022 with 608,000 deaths.

Children under 5 years old represent approximately 78% of all malaria deaths in WHO Africa Region where we find 94% of all malaria cases and 95% of deaths [16=1].

The relationship between sickle cell disease and malaria is the subject of much controversy. However, there is a lack of data on our services. Our objective was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary characteristics of malaria in children with sickle cell disease followed in a specialized setting.

Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with malaria and were followed at the Ambulatory Care Unit for Sickle Cell Children and Adolescents (USAD) at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa from January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2019. We included all the following pediatric patients, less than 16 years, with sickle cell disease who presented at least one episode of malaria, confirmed by a positive thick drop, during these 3 years. We did not include patients with incomplete records or those older than 16 years. The clinical and biological signs, and the follow-up was collected and analyzed with Excel package 2019.

Results: Of 3773 patients followed for sickle cell disease, 21 had presented malaria. The frequency was 0.5% or 7 cases/year. However, we exploited the data of 14 of them. The sex ratio was 6 boys for a girl and the mean age at admission was 7.3 years. The highest number of malaria cases was observed in 2018 and the peak frequency was observed in November with 8 cases (57.1%). Fever was the most frequent symptom, observed in 10 patients (71.4%). All patients were SS homozygous, with a mean baseline hemoglobin level of 7.5g/dl. All patients had a positive thick blood smear and Plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in the blood smear, with a mean parasite density of 1693 parasites/ml of blood. All patients had anemia, with a mean hemoglobin level of 7.74 g/dl. Twelve patients (85.7%) were hospitalized and had all received inject- able artesunate followed by oral Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT). Long-lasting insecticidal nets were used in 9 patients (69.2%). The evolution was favorable in all patients, and any death was reported.

Conclusion: The patients who presented the association of malaria and sickle cell disease were all SS homozygotes. However, malaria must be considered as serious in this chronic anemic setting. That’s why it is important to improve prophylaxis. Therefore, it is important to make different strategies to reduce the global burden.

Author(s) Details:

Indou Deme/Ly,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Cheikh Binetou Fall,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Awa Kane,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Ibrahima Diop,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Aminata Mbaye,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Yaaye Joor Dieng,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Denika Estelle Liapoui,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Idrissa Demba Ba,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Abou Ba,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Aliou Thiongane,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Papa Moctar Faye,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Amadou Lamine Fall,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Ibrahima Diagne,
Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

Ousmane Ndiaye,
Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V1/article/view/13215

Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Children’s Pulmonary Health | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The aim of the affiliate was to assess the distinctnesses in pulmonary function between teenagers residing in Tirana's suburban and city areas. The city of Tirana is experiencing important population growth and harsh air pollution, particularly from coarse matter. These issues are caused by motor vehicle traffic, the growth of the building industry, and the city's thick population.This survey was attended on 238 children living in city areas and 72 children reside suburban fields between 2004 and 2005, assessing vital pulmonary function. A questionnaire was utilized to accumulate data on sexuality, present respiratory problems, specialist-diagnosed allergies, parent instruction and smoking dresses, presence of animals, artificial carpets, and molds in their homes, and so on. The schools and youth involved in this place study were chosen using a randomized habit. We have also measured and top-secret air contaminants.We found that when we distinguished the pulmonary function values of two groups of kids, the differences were substantial (p 0.001), nevertheless when we compared symptoms, the distinctnesses were for cough (p 0.011) and phlegm (p 0.032). The levels of coarse matter (PM10) and total suspended matter (TSP) were over the recommended maximum principles, whereas the levels of other contaminants were within the Planet Health Organization (The one) guidelines.According to the survey's judgments, children's respiring health is influenced by air contamination, and children living in city areas have somewhat bad pulmonary function values than youngsters living in suburban districts.

Author(s) Details:

Afrim Tabaku,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Gazmend Bejtja,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Silvana Bala,
University Hospital for Lung Disease, Tirana, Albania.

Ervin Toci,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Jerina Resuli,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V9/article/view/12807

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Escherichia coli Isolated from Children Admitted at Selected Health Care Facilities in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 4 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 This episode aims to determine the predominance and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from infants admitted at picked health care facilities in Moshi city, Tanzania. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between Gram negative bacteria has become a important public health concern general. The currently available news on the prevalence and patterns of AMR to various geographical domains has demonstrated that it is on rise. This explanatory cross sectional study was transported during October 2017 to April 2018.The study sought to answer the following questions:  What are the delivery of freight rates of Escherichia coli among juveniles admitted at selected well-being facilities in Moshi city, What is the resistance rates of Escherichia coli unique from children against the commonly secondhand antibiotics in Moshi Municipality and What is the predominance of the Extended spectrum beta lactamase bearing Escherichia coli isolates from children granted at health facilities in Moshi city?In this investigation, Escherichia coli was labeled from all 282 cultured archived rectal swabs, and so forth isolates were sensitive to amikacin and meropenem. Extended range beta lactamase builders made up 13.1% of the total, while non-extended range beta lactamase builders made up 86.9%.  Antimicrobial resistance was discovered in 282 isolates on the commonly secondhand antimicrobial agents: ampicillin (83%), trimethoprim (75.9%), cefuroxime  (32.6%), ceftriaxone (30.1%), ceftazidime (29.4%), ciprofloxacin (27.7%), medicine/clavunic (24%), gentamicin (21%), chloramphenicol (16.3%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (8.1%). Ampicillin resistance was about all Extended Spectrum beta lactamase generating isolates. Amikacin and meropenem are wait the antibiotics of choice for second-line healing of E. coli infections. The most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim. Both ESBL and non-ESBL bearing Escherichia coli displayed opposition to routinely used medicines; therefore, more research is wanted to understand the processes employed by non-ESBL bearing Escherichia coli to develop opposition.

Author(s) Details:

Mzelifa Daud,
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O.Box 2240, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Balthazar Nyombi,
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O.Box 2240, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12489

Clinical Profile and Outcome in Neonates and Pediatric Children with COVID-19 Infection at a Tertiary Care Center in South India | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The present study shows that by what method the third wave of Covid 19 youngsters were mostly asymptomatic or mild syndromes in both neonates and youngsters with no significant increase in melancholy and mortality when distinguished to the previous waves of Covid. Covid 19 disease has happened less severe in juveniles causing fewer contaminations, severity, and extermination. The majority of affected youngsters are asymptomatic (>70%) and in those symptomatic, the disease has been mild accompanying <1.5% of children needing hospitalizations. In order to understand the clinical, depression profile, and consequences in neonates born to Covid positive founders and children the one are Covid positive, this study was conducted at a after second paediatric Covid care centre during the after second wave. .Neonates born to Covid positive founders and children middle from two points the age group 1 month to 12 age admitted in Government General Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh from 1st January 2022 to 31st March 2022 were contained in the study. Their demographic, clinical, depression profile, situation details were famous and outcomes observed.All neonates were erect to be RTPCR negative. The cause of respiring distress in these newborns was prematurity, birth asphyxia, and meconium hope. Fever and gastrointestinal symptoms as visualized in infected neonates in other studies were absent in this study. Similar verdicts were noted by NNF India Covid 19 registry. Prematurity, beginning asphyxia and respiring distress were the most presenting illnesses. Four newborns died on account of perinatal complications. Pediatric admissions were more in children inferior 10 years accompanying 15% of children being asymptomatic.Symptomatic children had delirium, cough, and running nose as the most giving complaints. Two children the one had co-morbidities at the time of admittance died. As routine vaccines like the measles vaccine have proved cross-protection against Covid 19 in few studies, routine vaccination of children bear be strongly heartened. It is necessary to monitor all Covid-infected kids, either they are exhibiting manifestations or not, in order to expect long-term issues like MIS-C.

Author(s) Details:

N. Madhavi,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

M. Madan Mohan,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Jhansi Padma,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

V. Venkata Vijayalakshmi,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V8/article/view/10843

Children with Dyslexia that are Learning to Read and How the Neuropsychological Process Influence on it | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The study aim concerning this article search out describe how the neuropsychological processes influence the knowledge of reading in kids with dyslexia, from a composition review on the subject. We used the methodology of a orderly bibliographical review, based on the study of academic texts on dyslexia and neuropsychology. Along this route, various determinants related to particular reading troubles are examined, containing the educational structure, the social-offspring context, orthography (grapheme and phoneme), attention and thought, and the orthography (phoneme and grapheme).  Thus, this article aims to donate academically to the understanding of the disorder, showing by virtue of what biological, cognitive and friendly aspects intervene in the dyslexia process and emphasizing by virtue of what a good understanding of this disorder and a cautious and multidimensional judgment can be meaningful for a satisfactory and effective attack.

Author(s) Details:

Beatriz Costa Campos,
Infinity Clinical Psychology, Contagem, Brazil.

Gabriel Santos Vieira,
Human Resources of Localiza & Co, Brazil.

Leidianny Kelly da Costa,
Céreus Terapias Clinical Psychology , Contagem, Brazil.

Rosemary Pereira Costa e Barbosa,
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V9/article/view/10350

Investigation of the Efficacy of Home-based Chloroquine Treatment on Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in under-Five Children in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This member aims to investigate the efficiency of home-based oral chloroquine situation on Plasmodium falciparum malaria with under-five children in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. This is a cross-localized study of 93 children with and outside malaria. Malaria was recognized using microscopy of Leishman's tainted thick and thin ancestry films, P. falciparum parasitemia was determined using standard microscopy methods, and a complete blood count was acted using a Beckman Coulter Analyzer. The carcass temperature on admission was considerably lower (p < 0.05) in the control non-malaria group (36.80oC ± 0.07oC) than in the three sickness groups respectively. The mean party temperature of chloroquine treated minors with sickness was significantly lower (p < 0.05) (37.94 ± 0.30 oC) than that of teenagers presenting accompanying severe malaria (39.24±0.47 oC). Parasitemia was considerably lower (p < 0.05) in the pre-admission chloroquine doctored group (18.13% ± 0.49%) than in the non-treated plain malaria group (34.35% ± 2.75%) and severe sickness group (43.57% ± 5.49%), respectively. The average number of days before the cases were stated in the hospital was 4.80 days. The red body fluid concentration of 7.23 ± 1.01 g/dl obtained for non-doctored malaria sufferers indicates a gentle anemia, when in fact the hemoglobin concentration principles of 9.60 ± 0.51 g/dl and 10.52 ± 0.16 g/dl obtained for chloroquine acted children and control minors respectively show that the two groups of youngsters were not anemic and the principles obtained were inside the normal range. This study has demonstrated that skilled was positive impact of home-located chloroquine treatment on Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and more in agreement with a study in Jos [1], shows reduced scope of anemia in offsprings under 5 years accompanying Plasmodium falciparum in Jos Metropolis of Nigeria. Similar research reports from Tanzania [2] and Gambia [3] also illustrated that unsupervised malaria situation at home was highly productive using Home-administration of malaria (HMM) strategy. Standardization and attainable implementation of HMM need expected considered as few malaria control strategies.

Author(s) Details:

Afolabi Segun Olomu,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Ubom Gregory Abraham,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Gazuwa Yusuf Samuel,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Johnson Titilayo,
Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.

Okolo Selina Nnuaku,
Paediatrics Department, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10075

Determination of Serum Zinc Levels of under Five Children with Diarrheal Disease| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The study look at the antitoxin metallic mineral levels of youngsters under the age of five who had looseness of the bowels and were being medicated at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri. The investigators further distinguished the antitoxin metallic mineral levels of children accompanying looseness of the bowels to age and masculine-doubled controls. Furthermore, the study driven the connection betwixt looseness of the bowels types and frequency of looseness of the bowels scenes. Diarrhoea is a bigger cause of depression and death in infants beneath five years adult particularly in underdeveloped countries.The study was a approximate cross-localized study completed activity at the Emergency Paediatric Unit, The Children’s Outpatient Clinic and The Children’s Ward of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. A total of 402 study parties were examined. Structured questionnaires were used to draw dossier on partners' sociodemographic traits, the dispassionate performance of the current diarrhoeal adventure, and the frequency and event of diarrhoeal scenes in the premature period. The Varian AA240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to measure antitoxin metallic mineral levels. Stool microscopy and breeding were performed only on issues. Zinc inadequacy was about 84.1% of teenagers accompanying looseness of the bowels and 56.2% of youth outside diarrhoea. When distinguished to age and masculine doubled controls, minors accompanying looseness of the bowels had considerably lower mean serum metallic mineral levels (p=0.000). Zinc inadequacy was in the direction of all adolescents the one had determined looseness of the bowels and dysentery. When distinguished to minors accompanying severe diluted looseness of the bowels, teenagers with continuous looseness of the bowels had considerably lower antitoxin levels. There was a negative connection betwixt antitoxin zinc level and repetitiveness of seat, event of current scene of looseness of the bowels, commonness of looseness of the bowels scenes, duration of each adventure of looseness of the bowels in the earlier period, and asperity of aridity. The results concerning this study support the current advice from the World Health Organization that youngsters accompanying looseness of the bowels endure have metallic mineral supplementation. It likewise plans that children the one have determined looseness of the bowels accept lengthier metallic mineral dose treatments.

Author(s) Details:

Udochikwuka Patience Ikejiaku,
Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Ifeoma Anochie,
University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital, Portharcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Emeka Nwolisa,
Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Francis Iregbu,
Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Ifeyinwa Amamilo,
Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V7/article/view/9431

Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five in Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 In Abuja, Nigeria, a hospital setting over a year, this study aims to assess some of the clinical indicators, causes, and mortality linked to severe diarrhea in children under the age of five. In Nigeria, where there is a high frequency of Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium and little understanding of the specific etiology, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children. The Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, Abuja, hosted the one-year cross-sectional survey. According to the 2006 population census, Nigeria has a total population of 150 million people, of which 5 million people lived in Abuja between June 2018 and May 2019.

With commercially available kits, ELISA tests for Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium were conducted.

Stool samples were taken from 1450 participants, of whom 156 (10.7%) were controls without diarrhea, 109 (7.5%) were hospitalized, and 1185 (81.7%) were ambulatory participants. With August and September being the peak months for infection, 274 (21.1%) children with diarrhea and 23 (1.7%) children without diarrhea tested positive for cryptosporidium-ELISA. 231 (17.8%) children with diarrhea and 29 (2.2%) controls tested positive for rotavirus using ELISA, with the peak months being November, December, and January. The most vulnerable age group for both Rotavirus (39.8%) and Cryptosporidium (37.2%) infections was 12 to 17-month-old children. Pediatric illnesses like Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium are serious, especially in the unvaccinated children of Abuja. It will be important to build local and national infrastructure for diarrhoeal illness monitoring and give access to virological and parasite stool testing in order to track the proposed vaccine program, particularly for Rotavirus. The results of this study will help with the planning of the rotavirus vaccine's potential inclusion in the National Immunization Program and set a baseline for evaluating the vaccine's impact on prevalence if it is incorporated in Nigeria's immunization program.

Author(s) Details:

B. Balarabe-Musa,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

N. T. Dabo,
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V7/article/view/8058

Parental Supervisory Behavior for Unintentional Injuries among under 9 Age Group Children: A Cross-sectional Study| Chapter 16 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 7

 

 Foundation: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unexpected wounds were answerable for over greater part of passings and a huge number of incapacity changed life-years with over Lower center pay nations being the significant supporter. Accidental wounds are can be effortlessly forestalled as far as both dismalness and mortality by straightforward counteraction measures. Unexpected wounds can happen both in open air and indoor settings seriously jeopardizing the kid similarly in the two conditions. Deadly wounds are those which require clinical consideration and structures just a glimpse of something larger. For each kid who passes on from Unintentional injury, there are a lot more who experience non-deadly wounds with fluctuating level of handicap which goes either inconspicuous or underreported.

Materials and Methods: This was a local area based cross-sectional review did for a time of a long time from May 2019 to April 2022. Three Primary wellbeing places of Kolar, Karnataka were arbitrarily chosen which were Aavani, Sugutur and Vemgal. 10 towns from each PHC region were chosen and likelihood proportionate to measure inspecting was applied. Parental administrative way of behaving was surveyed utilizing the parent oversight credits profile poll ready by Morrongiello BA and Corbett M was utilized.

Results: Study showed that falls were extremely normal followed by injuries and cuts among youngsters matured under 9 years. Moms who had gone to Primary tutoring had higher scores in the destiny area, Mothers who work for compensation and their kids with history of consumes and creature nibbles had higher scores in the Protectiveness space. Mother with her kid having history of fall had higher scores in Risk Tolerance area and Mothers with their youngsters having history of Cuts and Grashes and furthermore creature chomps in had higher scores in Supervision space.

End: Parents both dad/mother alongside gatekeepers should be instructed in regards to effectively preventable measures to stay away from accidental injury.

Author(s) Details:

Pradeep Tarikere Satyanarayana,
Department of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, India.

Muninarayana C.
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College and Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, India.

V. Bhoomika,
SDUAHER, SDUMC , India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V7/issue/view/755