Rotavirus Genotypes in Children under the Age of Five with Acute Diarrhoea in Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria| Chapter 3 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 The present study aims to recognize the predominant rotavirus genotypes and test the effects of existing local immunization programs on prevailing rotavirus genotypes and on forestalling rotavirus diarrhoea. The rotavirus immunization was supposed to be amounted to Nigeria's National Immunization Program in 2014, however this hasn't took place yet. Nigeria has preeminent supporter death rate on the continent from diarrheal diseases, yet skilled is little knowledge about particular, common rotavirus genotypes.A one-year potential descriptive study of adolescents under 5 with severe diarrhoea was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019. Children accompanying acute looseness of the bowels attending Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja. Children outside diarrhoea were also inducted as a control group. Rotavirus ELISA and RNA extraction were accomplished commercially available kits, and helpful samples were subjected to RT-PCR and electrophoresis to determine VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotypes.Rotavirus-ELISA was helpful among 231 (17.8%) toddlers with looseness of the bowels and 29 (2.2%) of controls, with November, December identified as peak for rotavirus contaminations. The predominant VP7 genotypes was G1 (n=116, 50.2%) understood by G9 (n=66, 28.5%). Viral Protein, VP4 (P) was mostly P [8] (n=143, 74.8%) trailed by P [4] (n=21, 10.9%). The predominant genotype combinations establish were G1 P [8] (n=108, 46.7%), G9 P [8] (n=62, 26.8%), and G2 P [4] (n=18, 7.7%). Very few mixed contaminations were found in the study, 2 (0.8%). Among 94 unvaccinated minors with rotavirus isolates that were genotyped, G1 P [8] (n=88, 49.4%) and G9 P [8] (n=43, 24.1%) were predominant. Among 32 immunized children, G1 P [8] (n=13, 40.2%) and G9 P [8] (n=9, 28.1%) were ruling.The results affirm the projected (but postponed) introduction of the rotavirus immunization in Nigeria but highlight the need for sufficient capital for virological and quality confident surveillance to track this. Additionally, the future influence of the vaccination concede possibility be threatened for one appearance of new rotavirus genotypic combinations. In the future, the use of a pentavalent cure may be overthrown by an enemy into consideration.

Author(s) Details:

B. Balarabe-Musa,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

N. T. Dabo,
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V8/article/view/8517

Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five in Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 In Abuja, Nigeria, a hospital setting over a year, this study aims to assess some of the clinical indicators, causes, and mortality linked to severe diarrhea in children under the age of five. In Nigeria, where there is a high frequency of Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium and little understanding of the specific etiology, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children. The Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, Abuja, hosted the one-year cross-sectional survey. According to the 2006 population census, Nigeria has a total population of 150 million people, of which 5 million people lived in Abuja between June 2018 and May 2019.

With commercially available kits, ELISA tests for Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium were conducted.

Stool samples were taken from 1450 participants, of whom 156 (10.7%) were controls without diarrhea, 109 (7.5%) were hospitalized, and 1185 (81.7%) were ambulatory participants. With August and September being the peak months for infection, 274 (21.1%) children with diarrhea and 23 (1.7%) children without diarrhea tested positive for cryptosporidium-ELISA. 231 (17.8%) children with diarrhea and 29 (2.2%) controls tested positive for rotavirus using ELISA, with the peak months being November, December, and January. The most vulnerable age group for both Rotavirus (39.8%) and Cryptosporidium (37.2%) infections was 12 to 17-month-old children. Pediatric illnesses like Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium are serious, especially in the unvaccinated children of Abuja. It will be important to build local and national infrastructure for diarrhoeal illness monitoring and give access to virological and parasite stool testing in order to track the proposed vaccine program, particularly for Rotavirus. The results of this study will help with the planning of the rotavirus vaccine's potential inclusion in the National Immunization Program and set a baseline for evaluating the vaccine's impact on prevalence if it is incorporated in Nigeria's immunization program.

Author(s) Details:

B. Balarabe-Musa,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

N. T. Dabo,
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V7/article/view/8058

Histopathological Pattern of Thyroid Diseases in Abuja, Nigeria Capital City: A Review of One Hundred and One Consecutive Cases: Advanced Study | Chapter 7 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

This study is a histopathological review of 101 consecutive thyroidectomy specimen processed and histologically diagnosed in Anatomic Pathology Department of Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria new capital city between 2010 and 2014. Nodular colloid goiter is the preponderance thyroid lesion seen constituting 75%, of all cases with a male to female ratio of 0.17:1. Neoplasms (11%) represent the second most common pathology with thyroid adenoma representing 8% of cases and thyroid carcinoma 3%, of cases. Seventy five percent of the adenoma was seen in females and all the carcinoma occurred in females. Other lesions are thyroglossal duct cyst (7%) and thyroiditis (7%). The study reveals a higher incidence of papillary carcinoma over follicular carcinoma and this represents a reversal to findings in most African population-based study. There is also a high incidence of thyroiditis in comparison with other works in Africa. Because of the small size of our sample population, accurate inference on the gender division of various disorders may not be conclusive. There is a need for further study on the pathology of thyroid lesions in Abuja in order to elucidate the reasons for the disparity noted.

Author(s) Details

 DR. B. A. Eke
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

B. A. Ojo
 Department of Anatomic Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

B. M. Duduyemi
Department of Morbid Anatomy, Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.

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