Observation of Air Quality in Iraq during March, 2026 | Chapter 8 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

 

Climate change in Iraq is exacerbating environmental, security, political, and economic challenges, with rising temperatures, prolonged drought, declining rainfall, desertification, salinisation, and increased dust storms significantly undermining the agricultural sector. This study investigates air quality in Iraq during March 2026 by analysing major air pollutants, including Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Ground-level Ozone (O₃), Particulate Matter (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂). The study focuses on three Iraqi governorates: Duhok (north), Baghdad (central), and Basra (south), to compare spatial variations in air quality index (AQI) values.

 

Daily air quality data were recorded from March 1 to March 31, 2026. The collected data were analysed and presented graphically to compare pollutant levels among the three regions. Air quality levels were classified according to the AQI scale: Good (0–50), Moderate (51–100), Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (101–150), Unhealthy (151–200), Very Unhealthy (201–300), and Hazardous (>300).

 

The results indicate that pollution levels varied across regions and pollutants. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) reached a moderate level in Baghdad on March 19, while Ground-level Ozone (O₃) reached a moderate level in Duhok on March 2. Particulate matter showed the highest pollution levels in Basra, where PM₁₀ reached an unhealthy level on March 10, and PM₂.₅ reached a very unhealthy level on March 22. In contrast, Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) levels in Baghdad remained within the good category. Overall, this study highlights the critical need for strengthened environmental policies and sustained monitoring efforts to reduce air pollution and safeguard public health in Iraq.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Saad M. Potrous
Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7487

Ejector-Based Heat Exchanger Filter for Flue Gas Pollutant Removal | Chapter 1 |New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 1

 

Background: The content of nitrogen and carbon oxides produced by the combustion of solid or liquid fuels in the source flue gases is a serious environmental threat. Flue gas cleaning is still an urgent problem that needs a solution. Because of our development, it is possible to offer a flue gas-cleaning device for sulfur, nitrogen and carbon oxides.

Aims: The study was conducted to explore one of the potential methods to purify exhaust gases from dangerous chemical compounds and to prove the efficiency of the study method.

Methodology: The study was based partly on experimental modelling of the device and using data from it, a mathematical model for the general solution. The study was conducted between 2014 and 2017 at the National Academy of Food Technology faculty of Refrigerating Machines Plant and Air Conditioning in Odesa, Ukraine. An experimental unit was built in the laboratory to conduct a set of experiments with measurements of temperature, pressure and speed of flow of specially prepared air mix with added pollutants.

Results: The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed flue gas purification device effectively reduces the concentrations of harmful pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) in flue gases. Moreover, the temperature drop of the air mix flow that lies within the estimated boundaries was calculated. That leads to a drop of condensing pollutant from the air flow and accumulating in a special gathering chamber, and leads to a purifying rate of 70-80%.

 

Conclusion: In conclusion, the results indicate that the proposed device represents a significant improvement in the field of flue gas purification. Using a created heat exchanger filter, it is possible to clear flue gases from almost all polluting factors. In the initial boiler operating modes, when the highest amount of carcinogens is released, the filter can be used to condense them. When the boiler enters the basic operating mode and the carcinogens decompose from high temperature into simple, non-harmful components, oxides become the main problem in the flue gas, which can also be cleaned with our ejector filter. Future work will focus on refining the system to further enhance its efficiency and explore its scalability for larger industrial applications.

 

 

Author (s) Details

V. E. Kogut
Odessa National Food Technology Academy, Str. Sofiyivska, 17, Apt. 23, Odessa 65082, Ukraine.

 

V. M. Bushmanov
Odessa National Food Technology Academy, Str. 7th Peresypska, Building 9a, Apt. 10, Odessa 65042, Ukraine.

 

N. V. Zhykharieva
Odessa National Food Technology Academy, Str. Novoselsky, Building 94, Apt. 26, Odessa 65045, Ukraine.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v1/5358

Evaluating the Rationality of South Korea’s Fine Dust Policies: A Procedural Analysis of Air Quality Management | Chapter 8 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 8

Air pollution has been a major field of environmental policies in South Korea, like in other industrialized countries. South Korea has achieved rapid economic growth since the 1970s. As a side effect of material prosperity, it has experienced environmental pollution in advance of other developing countries such as Brazil, India, and China. Therefore, emission control policies regarding fine dust have been introduced and executed to solve the air pollution problem. Since 2018, the government of South Korea has strengthened its environmental policies to solve the problem of fine particulate matter in the air. Because of these strict regulations, diesel cars have been replaced with cleaner vehicles, and coal power plants have been shut down. Despite these government efforts, some researchers assert that fine dust programs have failed in Seoul, the capital of Korea. In other words, they conclude that the central and local governments designed and implemented the policies unreasonably. Despite these criticisms, this study attempts to prove that the government has meticulously prepared the regulations on fine particles and that its policies were rational in general. Also, it tries to demonstrate that the policy scheme has been properly established. To attain these research goals, the theory of procedural rationality is adopted. As a result of the analysis, six steps of procedural rationality were identified in the Korean policy on fine dust: problem identification, goal setting, searching for alternatives, consequence prediction, comparison of alternatives, and policy decision. In conclusion, this study provides suggestions for environmental policies in other metropolitan cities, especially in developing countries that suffer from severe air pollution. This study mainly focused on procedural rationality so follow-up studies could be expanded in other metropolitan cities in developing countries.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sang-hyeon Jin
School of Public Administration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v8/4941

Roles of Nanomaterials for the Air Pollution Management in Tribal Regions of Odisha, India | Chapter 4 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 7

Air pollution in Odisha’s tribal regions poses severe health, environmental, and economic challenges. The increasing levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), necessitate urgent intervention. Conventional pollution control methods are often inadequate due to infrastructural and resource constraints. Nanomaterials, with their high surface area, reactivity, and tunable properties, offer innovative solutions for air pollution management in these remote areas. Metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tin dioxide (SnO₂) effectively degrade gaseous pollutants like NO₂, SO₂, and VOCs through photocatalysis under UV or ambient light, reducing their harmful effects. Additionally, advanced air filtration systems incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and nanoporous materials significantly enhance the capture of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), surpassing conventional filtration systems in efficiency and longevity. Moreover, nanotechnology-based sensors enable low-cost, real-time air quality monitoring, allowing communities to detect hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH₃) and take timely protective measures. To promote sustainability, green synthesis of nanomaterials using natural resources like plants and fungi offers eco-friendly and cost-effective production methods while supporting local economies. However, challenges related to scalability, affordability, and public awareness must be addressed for widespread implementation. Collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and local communities are essential to making nanotechnology-based air pollution control accessible and effective in Odisha’s tribal regions, fostering a healthier and cleaner environment.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jhasaketan Majhi
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Bikram Keshari Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Tanushree Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v7/4295

A Review of Air Purification by Indoor and Outdoor Plants | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 6

 

This study focuses on the plants that improve the air quality and purify air. Air pollution can be reduced using phytoremediation by knowing the right plants to remove the pollutants. In the present study, the role of indoor and outdoor plants helps in air purification and compared the pollutants removed by selected indoor plants. The importance of the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of selected outdoor plants was also analysed. Indoor air pollution, originating from various sources, accumulates and significantly impacts human health. Major pollutants like carbon monoxide, sourced from fuel and tobacco combustion, impair oxygen transport in the body, leading to headaches, fatigue, and reduced reflexes. The literature was retrieved through a search on electronic databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The keywords and phrases used during the search were medicinal plants, mechanism of action, air pollution, indoor plants, and outdoor activity. Plants clean the air through the process of photosynthesis. Oxygenic photosynthesis involves the conversion of water and CO2 into complex organic molecules such as carbohydrates and oxygen.

Author(s) Details:

Manju Madhavan,
Department of Botany, St. Mary’s College, Thrissur, 680 020, India.

Abisha, AV
Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, 680 009, India.

Leen Babu
Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, 680 009, India.

Liyana K
Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, 680 009, India.

Sanjana Chacko
Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, 680 009, India.

Soniya A
Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, 680 009, India.

Dr. Sheeja T Tharakan
Department of Botany, St. Mary’s College, Thrissur, 680 020, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V6/article/view/14928

Driving Towards Sustainability: Examining Truck Emissions and Speed on National Roads | Chapter 14 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 6

This research aims to determine exhaust emissions and speed of the truck while driving. Measurements are carried out using a mobile emissions analyzer that absorbs emissions from truck exhaust gases. Data collection is carried out by placing a mobile Emission Analyzer on the right side of the vehicle which is capable of absorbing 5 emissions in approximately 5 minutes. The relationship between exhaust emissions and speed uses a polynomial model of the average value of exhaust emissions and speed. The reliability of the mobile emission analyzer uses a multiplier factor to resolve data differences between the mobile emission analyzer and Bosowa equipment, where the CO2 correction factor is 0.666; CO correction factor of 0.243; NOx correction factor of 1.236; HC multiplier factor is 0.764. The research results show that CO2, NOx, smoke, CO and HC emissions form driving cycle patterns. This pattern shows a pattern following a parabolic trend, compound pattern of truck exhaust emissions on good road conditions and speeds of 0 km/h to 49.1 km/h, CO2 emissions 4%-16%, CO 0%-3%, smoke 0%-13%, NOx 0%-12%, HC 0%-11%, and with the truck running in damaged road conditions and speed 0 km/h to 35.8 km/h, CO2 emissions 3%-18%, CO 0%-5%, Smoke 0%-13%, NOx 0%-15%, and HC 5%-14%. Optimum speed values for Truck Exhaust Emission Driving Cycle Patterns on Damaged Road Conditions at CO2 19.16 Km/hour, CO 27.32 Km/hour, Smoke 25.9 Km/hour, NOx 19.7 Km/hour, and HC 27 .32 Km/h. The optimum speed values on a good road are CO2 23.22 Km/hour, CO 33.12 Km/hour, Smoke 33.12 Km/hour, NOx 31.98 Km/hour, and HC 36.82 Km/hour.

Author(s) Details:

Mukhtar Lutfie,
Muhammadiyah University, Luwuk 94711, Indonesia.

Sakti A. Adisasmita,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Muhammad I. Ramli,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V6/article/view/13631

Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Children’s Pulmonary Health | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The aim of the affiliate was to assess the distinctnesses in pulmonary function between teenagers residing in Tirana's suburban and city areas. The city of Tirana is experiencing important population growth and harsh air pollution, particularly from coarse matter. These issues are caused by motor vehicle traffic, the growth of the building industry, and the city's thick population.This survey was attended on 238 children living in city areas and 72 children reside suburban fields between 2004 and 2005, assessing vital pulmonary function. A questionnaire was utilized to accumulate data on sexuality, present respiratory problems, specialist-diagnosed allergies, parent instruction and smoking dresses, presence of animals, artificial carpets, and molds in their homes, and so on. The schools and youth involved in this place study were chosen using a randomized habit. We have also measured and top-secret air contaminants.We found that when we distinguished the pulmonary function values of two groups of kids, the differences were substantial (p 0.001), nevertheless when we compared symptoms, the distinctnesses were for cough (p 0.011) and phlegm (p 0.032). The levels of coarse matter (PM10) and total suspended matter (TSP) were over the recommended maximum principles, whereas the levels of other contaminants were within the Planet Health Organization (The one) guidelines.According to the survey's judgments, children's respiring health is influenced by air contamination, and children living in city areas have somewhat bad pulmonary function values than youngsters living in suburban districts.

Author(s) Details:

Afrim Tabaku,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Gazmend Bejtja,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Silvana Bala,
University Hospital for Lung Disease, Tirana, Albania.

Ervin Toci,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Jerina Resuli,
Public Health Institute, Tirana, Albania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V9/article/view/12807

Climate Changes Due to the Burning of Gas Associated with Oil Operations in Basra Province | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

 Air Dirtiness, addition of harmful essences to the atmosphere developing in climate change and damage to the environment, human fitness, and quality of growth.In this work, measurement of air contaminants was conducted in three domains in Basra Province as follows; (1)- Basra Academy, Garma Site. (2) Al- Gemaeit Ground. (3)- Abi Al-Khaseeb Site The measurements of air contaminants [ CO2 , H2S, SO2, O3, CO, THC ] principles have been obtained from the Inexact Directorate for Surroundings Protection and Improvement in the In the south Region of Iraq.The results concerning this research project showed that the value of the contaminant sulfur dioxide (SO2) reached the maximal value which is (0.1393 ppm) distinguished with the National Atmosphere Air Qualit y Standards that is (0.04 ppm) in the Al- Gemaeit Site.Likewise, the Total Hydrocarbons (THC) attained in higher principles for all the regions under study, place the maximum value at Basra Academy, Garma Site reached to maximum advantage which is (16.53 ppm) distinguished with the National Atmosphere Air Quality Flags which is (3 ppm).It is possible in the end the transferring winds are promoted the pollutants to Basra City and the climate change can influence by air quality, and sure air pollutants can affect temperature change and that provides to climate change by trapping heat in the air.

Author(s) Details:

Saad M. Potrous,
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering University of Basra, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V5/article/view/12682

A Family Based Case Control Study on Perinatal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Autism | Chapter 1 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 A kin-based case-control research was transported to assess the equivalences between autism and exposure to atmosphere air pollution during the whole of each trimester of pregnancy and the first few months of history. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a affecting animate nerve organs and developmental disorder that affects by means of what people communicate with possible choice, communicate, discover, and behave. Although autism can be investigated at any age, it is specified as a "developmental disorder" cause symptoms mainly appear in the first 2 years of existence. Although the frequency of autism has considerably grown, nothing is famous about its creation. Several research have examined the impact of air pollution uncovering on autism, despite hints that skilled may be links betwixt it and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, the results are irregular. The possible role of obscure confounders is mainly damned for this inconsistency. To underrate confounding belongings, we evaluated the impact of air pollution uncovering on autism using a classification-based case-control study. Cases were 97 things with a disease of autism born betwixt 2009 and 2012 in Isfahan city, Iran. The controls were 54 individuals who acted not have a previous experiences of autism and were cousins of the case person. The controls were doubled with the autistic cases in agreements of residential location and age range. For each trimester of gestation, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), gases forming the atmosphere (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and PM10 exposure were supposed using the opposite distance weighted method. The reasoning indicates a meaningful association middle from two points CO exposure and autism in the second trimester (OR = 1.59; ρ = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.51) and complete pregnancy (OR = 2.02; ρ = 0.049, 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.95). Likewise, exposure to NO2 all along the second trimester (OR = 1.17; ρ = 0.006, 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.31), third trimester (OR = 1.11; ρ = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.24), and whole pregnancy (OR = 1.27; ρ = 0.007, 95% CI: 1.07 - 1.51) were establish to be guide increased risk of autism.Overall, our study found taller exposure to CO and NO2, specifically during the second and triennial trimesters of pregnancy, was considerably associated with a higher risk of autism.

Author(s) Details:

Nima Ghahari,
Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and Department of Survey Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

Fatemeh Yousefian,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Ehsan Najafi,
Department of Survey Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V8/article/view/12180

Discovery of Artificial Photolysis that Influences Air Pollution in Urban Versus Rural Areas in Changing Climate | Chapter 3 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

 The study aims to recognize what influences the increase in air pollution in an city area, mitigation procedures, and possible tenable development in a changing worldwide climate. The fault-finding environmental hazards are affected light at night (ALAN) and air pollution accompanying ambient fine coarse matter (PM2.5). People use nighttime outdoor surroundings for their needs, and the nocturnally moving birds are attracted to city ALAN during migratory migration, that could increase the birds' uncovering to PM2.5. A comparative study tries PM2.5 concentrations and the spatial correlation 'tween ALAN and PM2.5 within city versus country areas. The essence of the research search out find the ALAN influence on PM2.5 concentration. The author secondhand the nighttime data of the fake light on the Earth's surface and the PM2.5 aggregation level to estimate the extent of air pollution guide PM2.5 in the ground-level air. The study uses a light meter, a welkin quality meter, and a PM2.5 rhythm to measure the relationship betwixt air and light pollution simultaneously. The important contributions concerning this study's findings disclosed that the ALAN influences increased PM2.5 concentration in city Toronto. The results can assist in determining the necessary PM2.5 control areas and designing and killing environmental preservation planning. The results are not only in consideration of understanding accurately the regional dissimilarities of spatiotemporal PM2.5 emission movement and helpful for proposing relief policies in air contamination control and providing scientific support for regional tenable development in changeful climate. The joined hazards of ALAN and air pollution are most significant and inclined increase within the city and decrease within rural fields. This study was undertaken and erected upon the context of the academic, controlled, and technological challenges to identify the PM2.5 aggregation in urban and country areas and the expected effects. This is the first comparative study to find that pretended photolysis influences air pollution in an urban nighttime environment. Therefore, this research judgment is original, not repetitive, archival, and ground-breaking research in environmental, climate ignition science, and science. This research will help researchers, scientists, engineers, advisors, architects, illumination designers, and government instrumentalities seeking to improve rustic lighting for security, health, well-being, and value of life in the buxom environment.

Author(s) Details:

Uthayan Thurairajah,
WSP Canada, 100 Commerce Valley Dr. W., Thornhill, Ontario, L3T 0A1, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V1/article/view/11823

Trend Analysis of Air Quality Index in Chennai, India | Chapter 3 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The kind of the air is one of India's bigger problems. In accordance with a report from the World Health Organization (WHO), air dirtiness causes 2.4 million oblivion worldwide done yearly. This research aims to comprehend air dirtiness issues in Chennai by developing an appropriate opportunity series model and resolving the results. The database listened at various listening centers in Chennai, India, is used in this place study to resolve the Air Quality Index (AQI). For this purpose, a data set comprising monthly Ambient Air Quality dossier of Chennai city with miscellaneous air pollutants for monetary, residential and industrial zone were collected from Central Pollution Board, Chennai. The basic document file consisting of Ambient Air Quality dossier of Chennai city with miscellaneous parameters in the way that Sulphur oxide (SO2), nitrogen group of chemical elements (N0X), Respiratory suspended coarse matter (RSPM), Transpiratory suspended coarse matter (TSPM) are collected newspaper from the year Jan 2018 to Aug 2019 for the regions Adyar (Residential area), Thiyagaraya Nagar (Commercial Area), Annanagar (Commercial Area) from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Chennai.

Author(s) Details:

M. Nirmala,
Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

M. Mallika,
Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10100

A Critical Review of Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures | Chapter 2 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The astringency of rainwater has currently been revealed as a bigger environmental hazard to ecosystems and human health about the world. Therefore, it is very main to know what causes acid rain, allure effects, and what maybe done about it. This review is based on open-approach papers accompanying "acid rain" as a keyword and the situation of air pollution around the world. Typically, air pollution appears in the form of teeny bits of dry material, snowstorm, and fog that land on Earth. Acid rain commonly has a pH betwixt 4.2 and 4.4, whereas usual rain has a pH of 5.6. The production of electricity, the custom of vehicles, land and industrial activities, etc., all influence wet and dry deposition. Acid rain has belongings on aquatic environments, mammals, plants, soil, global preparing, vegetation cover, monuments, houses, and health. The verdicts of this research showed that optimizing the use of nonrenewable fuel sources, transitioning to renewable energy beginnings, limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides, protecting energy, restoring the atmosphere, lowering use levels, convincing others, experiencing people, and following rules are sustainable ways of ruling acid rain. In addition, cooperations between the scientific and tactics communities maybe considered as a useful tool. Finally, the issues of acid rain and air contamination should be among the general big projects that demand everyone to reach the Sustainable Development Goals.

Author(s) Details:

Gratien Twagirayezu,
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Jean Claude Nizeyimana,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Olivier Irumva,
School of Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.

Charles Ntakiyimana,
School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.

Fasilate Uwimpaye,
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building installations, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Ritha Nyirandayisabye,
School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fujian, 350108, P.R. China.

Habasi Patrick Manzi,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Theogene Hakuzweyezu,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10099

Applying Odds of Soft Computing-based Approaches for Environmental Impact Assessment | Chapter 1 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

Author(s) Details: Ildiko Tulbure, University “1 December 1918”, Alba Iulia, Romania, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Clausthal University of Technology, Germany. Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10057

Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

 Diverse human exercises, as industrial, agricultural, marketing, and touristic ones have the direct aim to support increasing humanity kind of life. Anyway, it has been observed that beside definite direct and desired effects of these exercises, simultaneously they can have also negative, unwelcome, and sometimes unusual effects on environment and institution. For assuring the sustainable happening of human society is so necessary to assess business-related activities not only from economic and concerning details points of view but also from material and social ones. In this framework appropriate indicators for economic, incidental, and social aspects must perform and used. To complete activity environmental impact assessments material indicators on local and regional level search out be used. General ideas regarding environmental signs will be presented, their usage potential as well as use examples from practical positions. Possibilities to define in a modular habit environmental signs will be debated and emphasised. A fuzzy rationale-based aggregation arrangement will be presented for a actual situation of assessing air dirtiness on regional level, and by this the advantages of utilizing soft estimating methods will be pointed out. Obtained results will be discussed, and conclusions regarding the habit potential of presented methods will be drawn.

Author(s) Details:

Ildiko Tulbure,
University “1 December 1918”, Alba Iulia, Romania, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Clausthal University of Technology, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V8/article/view/10057

Possible Risk Assessment of Dementia Due to Air Pollution in Czech Republic| Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 A review of current literature signifies a significant effect of air pollution on the raised incidence of senility, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia, encompassing two together vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, is immediately reported as the leading cause of cessation in England and Wales, accounting for 12% of all recorded deaths. Ambient air contamination is a pervasive and ubiquitous hazard, that has been connected to premature morbidity and a increasing number of morbidity endpoints. Air dirtiness may be linked to neurodegeneration, and by way of this or other pathways, to neurodegenerative afflictions. Inflammation and oxidative damage are two potential mechanisms. The excavating regions of Northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic experienced intensely high air contamination levels in previous decades, and during ultimate recent ending, Northern Moravia also experienced this issue. By joining cutting-edge microscopic epidemiology methods with a thorough test of the lifestyle selections of the population residing in violated areas, this particular situation could be used to study the friendship between air contamination and dementia.

Author(s) Details:

J. Topinka,
Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 8 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.

P. Rossner,
Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 10 Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.

A. Rossnerova,
Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 8 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.

R. J. Sram,
Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 8 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V9/article/view/9179

Public Transport Analysis in Petrosani Basin: Need for Sustainable Mobility | Chapter 7 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 Sustainable urban public transportation necessitates striking a balance between the city's economic and social goals, providing residents' mobility without jeopardising the environment or their health. Because the Petrosani Basin is highly urbanised, implementing sustainable urban mobility requires starting with the findings of an investigation of the existing state of the public passenger transportation system. A first phase in this process was to investigate the impact of environmental, socio-political, transportation infrastructure and superstructure, operational methodologies, and economic elements unique to the Petrosani Basin on the public passenger transportation system. An essential topic to consider is the examination of transportation demand (passenger mobility per hour, day, and season). Given that the Petrosani Basin (population: 114,843) is made up of six communities, the Municipality Petrosani serves as both an attraction and an entry point to the Petrosani Basin (34,331 inhabitants). Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is becoming a priority in light of climate change mitigation aims. All of this contributes to a better knowledge of the Petrosani Basin's unique characteristics in terms of urban public passenger transportation. The SWOT analysis reveals that reorganising the public passenger transportation system is a viable strategy for achieving sustainable urban mobility. In these situations, the public transportation system must be redesigned to incorporate the use of environmentally friendly modes of transportation. As can be seen, one of the important avenues for the Petrosani Basin's growth is sustainable urban mobility. All parties, including the government, the county council, municipal councils, public transportation providers, and people, may work together to build a sustainable urban public passenger transportation system in the Petrosani Basin.

Author(s) Details:

Sorin Mihailescu,
Mechanical, Industrial and Transports Engineering Department, University of Petrosani, 20 Universitatii Street, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

Gabriel Praporgescu,
Mechanical, Industrial and Transports Engineering Department, University of Petrosani, 20 Universitatii Street, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V7/article/view/7098

Air Pollution and Associated Health Outcomes: An Analysis from Delhi, India | Chapter 07 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 The publication mentions a research of the health effects of air pollution in East Delhi. People's health suffers as a result of air pollution, and they spend a large percentage of their income on medical bills. The major purpose of this research is to estimate the advantage that an individual would receive in East Delhi if there is a reduction in air pollution in this region, or, to put it another way, an increase in the air quality of the East Delhi regions. The research methodology employs a household production function model based on a household survey of areas within half a kilometre of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) main air pollution monitoring stations located at Anand Vihar, Nizamuddin, Shahdara, and Dilshad Garden. This model is used to determine the correlations between people's willingness to pay for pollution reduction, treatment costs, including direct and indirect costs, and other variables. Regressing the number of ill days on environmental quality, mitigating activity, health capital stock, and social capital stock is used to calculate the monetary advantages of lowering air pollution. The paper explores whether interior pollution, ambient air pollution, and a lack of health stock increase the likelihood of becoming ill. This lower risk of falling unwell suggests a monetary gain that people will receive as a result of lower air pollution. A person's ill days are influenced by a multitude of factors such as nutrition, eating habits, and the usage of heat-generating technological equipment, among others. Engagement in the aforementioned independent activities increases participation in the dependent variable (no. of sick days). The study is important in raising public awareness about air pollution in Delhi as well as identifying the causes of high indoor pollution in various areas of the city. By protecting people's health, society can contribute to the development of more productive and efficient human capital, as health is an important component of human capital.

Author(S) Details

Pooja Sharma
Department of Economics, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.

Pooja Jain
Department of Nutrition and Health Education, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.

Pragati .
IIM Bangalore, India.

Prarthna Agarwal Goel
Department of Economics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India.

Rupeesha Galhotra
Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V5/article/view/6145

Assessment of Inorganic Chemical Composition of PM2.5 Aerosols in Tiaret-City, Algeria | Chapter 6 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7

 The goal of this study is to determine and quantify the inorganic compounds in PM2.5 aerosols collected in educational establishments in Tiaret, Algeria, using a two-stage Dekati® PM10 impactor. It also planned to track the dispersion of these particles in areas near forests, urban fabric, and metropolitan areas with heavy traffic, as well as to pinpoint the source of this pollution. In Tiaret, 23 elementary schools were chosen as sampling sites. PM2.5 was collected over the course of the winter and summer seasons. The FTiR-ATR spectroscopic analysis revealed that sulphate ions were higher in the summer than in the winter, as well as nitrate and ammonium ions, which did not demonstrate a significant seasonal change. The major species in urban environments are NO3- and SO4-2, which, due to the existence of a significant amount of NOx and SO2, change into nitrate and sulphate ions, respectively, by gas-particle conversion. In areas near to the forest, the proportion of these species is lower. In both sample times, however, the abundance of these ions is in the same order. The primary sources of NOx in urban areas are combustion phenomena, particularly those related to the transportation system, which is characterised by extremely intensive traffic in the city's agglomeration.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Naceur Khadidja
Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-arid Areas. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Tiaret, Tiaret BP 78 Zaaroura, Tiaret, Algeria.


Prof. Maatoug Mohamed
Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-arid Areas. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Tiaret, Tiaret BP 78 Zaaroura, Tiaret, Algeria.

Belarbi El Habib
Synthesis and catalysis Laboratory, Ibn Khaldoun University, BP78 RP 14000 Tiaret- Algeria.

Serge Bresson
Laboratory of Complex System Physics, Picardie Jules Verne University, 33 rue St. Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V7/article/view/5172

Asthma Predictability Index among Children in Regard to Air Quality Prevalent in and Around Kolkata Metropolis | Chapter 5 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 9

 Asthma is the most frequent chronic condition among children. Asthma diagnosis difficulties are common, leading in inadequate asthma management. Symptoms appear in about 80% of paediatric asthma patients before the age of six, with the majority appearing before the age of three. Only about a third of children who have had at least one episode of asthmatic symptoms by the age of three will develop asthma by the age of six (8). Asthma is under-diagnosed in 18–75 percent of asthmatic children. This city is classified as unfit for human habitation. The degradation of urban air quality is widespread in most megacities, and Kolkata Metropolitan City is no exception. The main goal of this chapter is to create an accurate model for asthma predictability index in children. To do so, an assessment of Kolkata air quality is conducted, in which the listed pollutants' annual average concentrations (RPM, SPM, NO2, and SO2) are classified into four different categories, and data is collected from 17 monitoring stations and classified as critical, high, moderate, and low pollution. In Kolkata, there are 17 monitoring stations, five of which are critical and the rest 12 fall into the high pollution category for NO2. In terms of RPM, four stations are critical and 13 stations record data that falls into the high pollution category. Model questionnaires were administered to 10% of the families in order to measure socioeconomic conditions, critical environmental conditions, the nature and types of health burdens, and attitudes toward health care facilities. Mapping with GIS provides a thorough and up-to-date understanding of the seasonal and spatial fluctuation of asthma, as well as evaluating the area's air quality.

Author(S) Details

Jayati Das
Shri Shikshayatan College, Kolkata, India.

Saibal Moitra
Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V9/article/view/4939

Trajectory Modelling of Atmospheric Pollutants Emitted by Aircraft for Air Quality Assessment over the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil: Experimental Investigatio| Chapter 6 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Because of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapour, sulphates, and soot, the effects of aviation on the climate contribute not only to regional but also to global climate change. In recent years, aviation has seen a significant expansion, which has resulted in an increase in emissions of harmful air pollutants. Air pollution is undoubtedly one of the most serious consequences of aviation's impact on the environment, but regional environmental changes generated by airports in certain places also provide a problem for this mode of transportation. The discovery of these contaminants' trajectories leads to the deployment of mitigation measures to reduce their negative impacts. The Landing and Take-Off (LTO) cycle, which has a negative impact on air quality, has the highest levels of air pollution exposure around and around airports. Rio de Janeiro, located on the coast of Brazil's Southeast region, has two major airports: one for international flights and the other for domestic flights. Both are located near the Guanabara Bay (GB) in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (MRRJ). Using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (BRAMS) to construct wind fields in the MRRJ, the pollutant trajectories emitted by these two airports are validated in this study. A 3D kinematic trajectories Lagrangian model is used to calculate pollutant trajectories from wind fields. The days with more stable atmospheric conditions in winter month are verified using BRAMS simulations, with the Total Totals index (TT) being the most appropriate for the aim of this study. The results demonstrate that the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, on the western side of the MRRJ, are critical places that are constantly influenced by pollution transport due to the prevailing weather circumstances, causing harm to the region's air quality. These models captured the influence of meso and large scale systems, demonstrating the reliance of daily and seasonal variations in pollutant pathways, and thus they are significant decision-making tools for emission control, contributing to better management of urban air quality. In a time of high demand, it is critical to develop solutions that are focused on the long-term viability of aicraft transportation and are synced with environmental protection criteria.

Author (S) Details

Marilia Mitidieri Fernandes de Oliveira
Technology Transfer Lab (NTT) Researcher at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Jorge Luiz Fernandes de Oliveira
Geoscience Institute of Fluminense Federal University-UFF, Niterói, Brazil.

Nelson Francisco Favilla Ebecken
Center of Technology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Civil Engineering Postgraduate Program–COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3853