Assessment of Air Quality Using Satellite Data and Machine Learning Techniques in Uttarakhand, India | Chapter 3 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 4

The present study assesses the air quality using satellite data and machine learning techniques in Uttarakhand, India. Degrading Air Quality is a major concern for all species on this planet. Over the years, it has been seen that air quality is constantly degrading mainly due to industrialisation, deforestation, and greenhouse effect. Parameters generally considered for measuring Air Quality are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂), Ozone (O₃) and Aerosols. These are present in the air and changes in the composition of these gases cause major changes in the air that organisms breathe. A study of the change of these parameters over time is necessary to understand the impact on air quality.

Data is collected from the SENTINEL-5P satellite through Google Earth Engine and is processed in Google Collaboratory. In this study, the data of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂), Ozone (O₃) and Aerosols is taken for the past 5 years and their time series is extracted thereafter a test on stationarity is done so as to know whether these series are stationary or not. Two machine learning models namely Holt Winter’s Smoothing and FbProphet are applied to predict the value adjacent to the original value and an error metric comparison is done to find out which model is best suited for forecasting these Air Quality parameters. The present study concluded that Deep learning and machine learning models are accurate for predicting along Air Quality Components. These models are capable enough to predict daily data of these air quality parameters.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Divyanshu Chandra
Women Institute of Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Rajshree Kumari
Department of Computer Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Govind Verma
Department of Information Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Subodh Prasad
Department of Information Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v4/367

Importance of Air Filtration System Replacement to Improve the Embryo Quality in Assisted Reproduction Laboratory | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 

Infertility is a common disease, which drives several couples to seek treatment with assisted reproduction techniques. In vitro fertilization plays a significant role in combatting infertility. However, many factors contribute to the efficiency of assisted reproductive techniques, such as the laboratory environment and air quality. Poor air quality in the IVF laboratory is a known risk factor in the culture of gametes and human embryos. Improving infrastructural conditions of the in vitro fertilization laboratory, such as the air quality, has profound positive effects on embryo culture. Poor environmental conditions reduce the rate of embryo formation and, therefore, of pregnancy. This review article presents important publications regarding the impact of air quality in human reproduction laboratories on embryo quality, pregnancy success, and live births. The studies demonstrate that replacing the air filtration system improves significantly the environmental air quality, and, consequently, improves laboratory parameters, such as the fertilization rate, the number of blastocysts, the embryo implantation rate, and the number of live births. On the other hand, improving air quality decreases the number of abortions. Therefore, environmental parameters that improve embryo quality and increase healthy childbirth rates must be the main targets for assisted reproduction laboratory quality control. More controlled studies on air quality should be performed with the aim of investigating how particulate filtration interferes with IVF results and provides an effective balance of costs and benefits of replacing the air filtration system in the context of human-assisted reproduction.

 

Author(s) Details:-

 

Karine Queiroz Poletto
Faculty of Medicine, Centro Universitário UNIRG, Gurupi, TO, Brazil.

 

Yanna Andressa Ramos de Lima
Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.

 

Mário Silva Approbato
Center for Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.

 

Please see the link here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v9/3789G

Trajectory Modelling of Atmospheric Pollutants Emitted by Aircraft for Air Quality Assessment over the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil: Experimental Investigatio| Chapter 6 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Because of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapour, sulphates, and soot, the effects of aviation on the climate contribute not only to regional but also to global climate change. In recent years, aviation has seen a significant expansion, which has resulted in an increase in emissions of harmful air pollutants. Air pollution is undoubtedly one of the most serious consequences of aviation's impact on the environment, but regional environmental changes generated by airports in certain places also provide a problem for this mode of transportation. The discovery of these contaminants' trajectories leads to the deployment of mitigation measures to reduce their negative impacts. The Landing and Take-Off (LTO) cycle, which has a negative impact on air quality, has the highest levels of air pollution exposure around and around airports. Rio de Janeiro, located on the coast of Brazil's Southeast region, has two major airports: one for international flights and the other for domestic flights. Both are located near the Guanabara Bay (GB) in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (MRRJ). Using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (BRAMS) to construct wind fields in the MRRJ, the pollutant trajectories emitted by these two airports are validated in this study. A 3D kinematic trajectories Lagrangian model is used to calculate pollutant trajectories from wind fields. The days with more stable atmospheric conditions in winter month are verified using BRAMS simulations, with the Total Totals index (TT) being the most appropriate for the aim of this study. The results demonstrate that the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, on the western side of the MRRJ, are critical places that are constantly influenced by pollution transport due to the prevailing weather circumstances, causing harm to the region's air quality. These models captured the influence of meso and large scale systems, demonstrating the reliance of daily and seasonal variations in pollutant pathways, and thus they are significant decision-making tools for emission control, contributing to better management of urban air quality. In a time of high demand, it is critical to develop solutions that are focused on the long-term viability of aicraft transportation and are synced with environmental protection criteria.

Author (S) Details

Marilia Mitidieri Fernandes de Oliveira
Technology Transfer Lab (NTT) Researcher at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Jorge Luiz Fernandes de Oliveira
Geoscience Institute of Fluminense Federal University-UFF, Niterói, Brazil.

Nelson Francisco Favilla Ebecken
Center of Technology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Civil Engineering Postgraduate Program–COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3853

Discussing a Case Study of Air Quality Index in Industrial Areas of Bangalore City, India| Chapter 9| Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 The ambient air quality survey with respect to SPM, SO2 and NOx was carried out at 12 monitoring stations. For the measurement of the Air Quality Index, pollutant concentrations were used. It is noted that the allowable values are violated by most of the expected pollutants. The high pollution load in the ambient air of the region is primarily responsible for manufacturing activities and transport activities. Furthermore, the present study indicates that public understanding will play an important role in the planning and creation of creative ways of addressing the problems of health, transport and air pollution and the strategic strategy for their implementation.

Author (s) Details

Dr. S. Harinath
School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru, India.

Usha N. Murthy
School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru, India.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305

Reporting a Case Study on the Effect of Air Pollution on Human Health in Industrial Areas | Chapter 8| Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 Due to urban development and increasing industrialization, air pollution has become a major problem in some Latin American and Caribbean countries in the last few years. In addition to manufacturing activities that are mostly concentrated in cities, the main sources of air pollution are automobile emissions and stationary fuel combustion. In selected industrial areas in and around the city of Bangalore, a survey was carried out to investigate the impact of air pollution on human health. These workers were found to have been directly subjected to pollution for about 8 to 10 hours a day. It is noted that, due to air pollution exposure, the population suffers from respiratory illnesses and other issues. It can be concluded that problems such as eye irritations, skin irritation, and respiratory problems are prevalent in the effects of Suspended Particulate Matter and gaseous matter on human beings who live in that environment for around 10 years.

Author (s) Details

Dr. S. Harinath
School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru, India.

Usha N. Murthy
School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru, India.

View Book :-  https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/305