Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Optimization Using Cluster Analysis: A Case Study of the Gareh-Baygone Aquifer, Shib-Kuh Plain, Shur Watershed of Iran | Chapter 8 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

Managers need affordable, scalable, and reliable groundwater monitoring systems to collect critical groundwater data. In addition to the lack of water quality monitoring in the study area, the existing monitoring networks are not designed according to standard guidelines, and there is no ongoing assessment of these networks. Whether the monitoring networks have a great or small number of sites can lead to significant issues. This chapter aims to evaluate the monitoring networks of the changes in groundwater quality of the Shib-Kuh aquifer established in 2005 in South West of Iran. Additionally, the study aims to improve the monitoring networks and save expenses. In this aquifer, the groundwater main chemical anions, cations, EC, TDS, TH, SAR and pH are measured in 20 sites. For spatial-temporal optimization of underground water monitoring networks, new approaches have been investigated using methods based on statistics and geostatistics. There are many methods to determine the number of clusters in cluster analysis, which has a wide range of applied sciences. Grouping data into meaningful clusters is a popular problem omnipresent in the recent scientific literature having practical importance in various applications, such as investigating earthquakes, climate changes, and in biology, agriculture etc. The statistical cluster analysis methods are used and observed, variables and sampling sites are analyzed and evaluated. The results showed the probability of about 25 percent reduction in the sites. The outcome also proved that it was possible for some of the measuring parameters to have been removed. The cluster analysis method is a suitable way to evaluate the quality of establishment as well as the function of the monitoring networks of water resources. Through the application of this method, the number of sites, variables, or both of these factors can be optimized and this optimization leads to upgrading of monitoring networks.

 

Author (s) Details

Hamid Hosseinimarandi
Soil Protection and Watershed Research Department, Fars Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.

 

Mohammad Mahdavi
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Hassan Ahmadi
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Baharak Motamedvaziri
Department of Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

 

Abdolali Adelpur
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/1793

Advancing Geohazard Mapping and Monitoring Using Terrestrial LiDAR: Insights from the British Geological Survey | Chapter 2 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing and presentation of geographic data or geographic information. It is the discipline of electronically gathering, storing, processing and delivering spatially related digital information; it continues to be one of the fastest expanding global markets, driven by technology. The British Geological Survey (BGS) geomatics capabilities have been utilised in a variety of scientific studies such as the monitoring of actively growing volcanic lava domes and rapidly retreating glaciers; coastal erosion and platform evolution; inland and coastal landslide modelling; mapping of geological structures and fault boundaries; rock stability and subsidence feature analysis and geo-conservation. In 2000, the BGS became the first organisation outside the Mining Industry to use Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) as a tool for measuring change; paired with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), BGS were able to measure, monitor and model geomorphological features of landslides in the United Kingdom (UK) digitally. Many technologies are used by the BGS to monitor the earth, employed on satellites, aeroplanes, drones and ground-based equipment, in both research and commercial settings to carry out mapping, monitoring and modelling of earth surfaces and processes. Outside BGS, these technologies are used for close-range, high-accuracy applications such as bridge and dam monitoring, crime and accident scene analysis, forest canopy and biomass measurements and military applications. Key methodologies in TLS are discussed under the headings of Mobile Mapping, Monitoring Change, Virtual Outcrop Modelling and Uncrewed Technologies, featuring examples of work for each. This research underscores TLS's transformative potential in geosciences, particularly for advancing disaster resilience, environmental monitoring, and geological conservation efforts. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) offers high-resolution, three-dimensional data collection capabilities that can significantly enhance our understanding of geological processes and environmental changes.

The aim of this chapter is to review the types of work that the BGS carries out using terrestrial and aerial LiDAR systems, and to discuss the merits therein.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Lee D Jones
British Geological Survey, United Kingdom.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/3998

Overview of High 120 m Concrete Dam Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Plant: A Recent Perspectives | Chapter 8 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 1

 This branch defines about present state of high 120 m factual gravity dam of the Angara Bratsk hydroelectric energy-producing station. The state of the concrete dam is supposed based on the results of continuous project performed by home personnel as well as recurring monitoring. Advances in technology will lead new and better means and methods for listening, but the broad principles defined herein should have lasting value. These guidelines are destined to be instructional, providing a handy source of news about instrumentation and measurements for listening dam performance. A all-encompassing examination of the concrete was transported on a few key dam components that were preferred based on the classification of the relationships within the "actual-environment" system. It has happened suggested to combine total tests and core-inspecting in the intricate study of concrete. The pertaining to 100 existence of concrete dams (other than surface areas) performs to be assured apiece comparative petrographic analysis of current thin sections of Angara dams and those of 100-old age-old concrete, that revealed general cement gravel coalescence processes accompanying an aggregate.

Author(s) Details:

Mark A. Sadovich,
Department of Civil Engineering, Bratsk State University, Bratsk 665709, Russia.

Tatyana F. Shlyakhtina,
Department of Civil Engineering, Bratsk State University, Bratsk 665709, Russia.

Sofia M. Ginzburg,
Department of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structure, Vedeneev VNIIG, St. Petersburg, 195220, Russia.

Alexander M. Yudelevich,
Department of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structure, Vedeneev VNIIG, St. Petersburg, 195220, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V1/article/view/12763

Suggestions, Methods and Examples of Monitoring of Rock Structures and Excavation of Rock Mass | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 Rock workings projects, excavations and rock mass monitoring are era-by-day concerns of pros and scientists of rock engineer. Technological advances observed in the 20 and 21 particular day or time provided extreme precision equipment worthy establishing deformity and estimating the rock mass stress by chance and in real time. In addition, in order to ratify and study the data acquired with theses equipment, mathematical programs of modeling enhanced more accessible to schools, research centers and private companies. Monitoring an digging requires, besides understanding sufficiently the rock structure, precise definitions and aims: why, how, place. This article reviews concepts of monitoring, posing and calibration, in addition to presents examples of applications place these questions were successfully solved.

Author(s) Details:

Evandro Moraes da Gama,
UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12331

Quality Improvement in the Automotive Components Industry by Innovative 3D Scanner Solution | Chapter 1 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

This work aims to evolve and validate a solution for control of product quality in the automotive industry while attractive full advantage of the concerning details factors given by the equipment secondhand. It deals with researching and administering a three-dimensions (3D) scanning in of documents in product quality listening tasks of a door committee manufacturing process. Pilot studies were carried out to evaluate the real capabilities of the supplies and determine questions that could arise when climbing the process for a real result of car door panels. The exercise and final results are also illustrated in this work, show that it is possible to develop a adaptable equipment accompanying multiple applications and administer it in the automotive industry.

Author(s) Details:

L. S. Gonçalves,
ISEP – School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

R. D. S. G. Campilho,
ISEP – School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal and INEGI – Pólo FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

M. S. Kirgiz,
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, T.C. Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcllar, Istanbul 34310, Turkiye.

M. V. Kumar,
Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

J. C. J. Raj,
Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V7/article/view/11701

Monitoring Lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil| Chapter 9 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 This member researched on listening lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil. Ground water and soil adulteration by leachate is a serious pollution question. Landfill leachate is one of the main beginnings of groundwater and surface water pollution if it is not correctly collected and doctored and safely ready as it may percolate through soil arriving water aquifer. Study again create a easy model to track allure movement. An arising technique for characterization of soil is soil energetic resistivity. Moisture content and soil moisture bulk are two key factors that influence it. Determinations of electrical resistivity of soil in and apart a municipal waste dump scene as well as laboratory perseverance of soil moisture content were completed activity in this study. The fall of potential plan is adopted in this place work for calculation of electrical resistivity. The materials contain an ammeter, a voltmeter, earth electrodes,  dense cable and a 9-volt artillery.  A linear link 'tween resistivity and regression reasoning was intended to be settled. The results demonstrate that liquid content dropped as distance from the beginnings of leachate formation raised, but resistivity increased. The grown model showed a good coefficient of equivalence of 0.975 thus substantiating the model. Leachate concentration/dampness content has been habitual to vary accompanying distance away from point of production.

Author(s) Details:

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Uneke A. Louis,
Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Anea-Bari D. Burabe,
Department of Surveying, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abednego G. T. George,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Letam P. Leelee,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Nwikina B. Bariene,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11090

Multifunctional Device for Measuring and Monitoring Parameters of a Photovoltaic Module | Chapter 12 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 In this work, analyzes of existing devices for measuring the current-voltage characteristic were carried out in order to compare several devices. The purpose of this work is to develop a device for measuring the current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic modules and the environmental factors affecting them. The paper discusses a system for monitoring solar module parameters that measure air temperature, module temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, current-voltage characteristic, maximum power point (MPP), efficiency, and fill factor (FF) and stores the data in a computer. The system is constructed around a programmable microcontroller with an analog-to-digital converter built in. The suggested system's program code also includes an algorithm for determining the maximum power point of the solar module. Because every parameter are taken into account automatically and written to the computer in the form of tables, the system performs all measurements in real time and is simple to use.  In order to compare the suggested monitoring system with alternative commercial measuring equipment, the research looked at their properties. The proposal includes a circuit diagram for a monitoring system as well as an electrical circuit to measure current-voltage characteristics.

Author(s) Details:

Davronov Shokhjakhon,
Department of Software Engineering, Karshi Branch of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies Named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Karshi, Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V4/article/view/10749

A Critical Review of Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures | Chapter 2 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The astringency of rainwater has currently been revealed as a bigger environmental hazard to ecosystems and human health about the world. Therefore, it is very main to know what causes acid rain, allure effects, and what maybe done about it. This review is based on open-approach papers accompanying "acid rain" as a keyword and the situation of air pollution around the world. Typically, air pollution appears in the form of teeny bits of dry material, snowstorm, and fog that land on Earth. Acid rain commonly has a pH betwixt 4.2 and 4.4, whereas usual rain has a pH of 5.6. The production of electricity, the custom of vehicles, land and industrial activities, etc., all influence wet and dry deposition. Acid rain has belongings on aquatic environments, mammals, plants, soil, global preparing, vegetation cover, monuments, houses, and health. The verdicts of this research showed that optimizing the use of nonrenewable fuel sources, transitioning to renewable energy beginnings, limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides, protecting energy, restoring the atmosphere, lowering use levels, convincing others, experiencing people, and following rules are sustainable ways of ruling acid rain. In addition, cooperations between the scientific and tactics communities maybe considered as a useful tool. Finally, the issues of acid rain and air contamination should be among the general big projects that demand everyone to reach the Sustainable Development Goals.

Author(s) Details:

Gratien Twagirayezu,
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Jean Claude Nizeyimana,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Olivier Irumva,
School of Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.

Charles Ntakiyimana,
School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.

Fasilate Uwimpaye,
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building installations, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Ritha Nyirandayisabye,
School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fujian, 350108, P.R. China.

Habasi Patrick Manzi,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Theogene Hakuzweyezu,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10099

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 This review surveyed the indicators of COVID-19 following, such as vitals, respiring condition, temperature, oxygen satiation (SpO2), and activity levels using wearable instruments. With a significant number of unexpected home deaths reported general due to coronavirus affliction 2019 (COVID-19), wearable technology has emerged as a design for monitoring this contamination. This systematic review used PubMed as the table, with the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices”. The search was restricted to studies published between 31 December 2019, and 8 July 2022, as the universal occurred all along this period.  All types of articles accompanying the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices” were screened. Four reviewers alone screened the articles against the fitness criteria and elicited the data utilizing a data charting form. A total of 56 items were on listening, of which 28 included SpO2 as a limit. Although wearable devices are active in the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 cases, further research on actual inmates is necessary to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of wearable electronics before policymakers can mandate its use. Although research on the belongings of remote patient listening with pulse oximetry and signs of life on health consequences is lacking, wearable devices have the potential to preserve hospital possessions for patients who power benefit most from care intensification.

Author(s) Details:

Shizuko Takahashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.

Eisuke Nakazawa,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Sakurako Ichinohe,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Aru Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Akira Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9913

A Novel Approach for Tracking of Construction Machinery Used in Asphalt Paving Process| Chapter 2 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 Application of rigorous construction procedures is fundamental when it comes to road construction in order to guarantee high quality international standards. Today, and in particular in Chile, tradition, craftsmanship and other implicit, experience-based methods employed during road construction play a fundamental role in the asphalt paving construction process. This indicates that the many phases of the building process, including the paving of the road, are not managed on time as they should, which results in the end product lacking the optimum qualities for which the construction materials were initially designed and made. As an approach, we propose the use of tools and methodologies, based on Geomatics, which allow monitoring each of the stages of a modern construction process in almost real-time. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) during the asphalt pavement construction process by capturing images and videos during the placement of the asphalt mixture and the movement of the compaction machinery (pneumatic roller and drum roller) typically used at the construction site. The weather and wind conditions, which play a fundamental role in the feasibility of using the RPAS, also are an important aspect.  The observations are digitally processed primarily through image binarization and thresholding. This allowed for the estimation of the asphalt's overall texture and the visualization of the compaction rollers' trajectory. In conclusion, our findings show that the performance and functionality of the compaction machinery correlate to the primary component that affects the condition of the roads, and that the application of RPAS can be beneficial.

Author(s) Details:

G. Staub,
Department for Geodetic Sciences and Geomatics, University of Concepción, Chile.

H. Montecino,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Concepción, Chile.

J. E. Diaz,
Department for Geodetic Sciences and Geomatics, University of Concepción, Chile.

M. Pradena,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Concepción, Chile.

S. Miller,
Construction Management & Engineering Group, University of Twente, Netherlands.

M. Diaz,
Department of Construction Sciences, Metropolitan University of Technology, Chile.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V2/article/view/9233

Anaesthesia and Subglottic Airway Obstruction: A Case Study| Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 We bandy the anaesthetic treatment and ray excision of a subglottic tumour that convinced upper airway inhibition in this composition. The presenting point was Stridor. A thorough examination and good history will lessen the possibility of an incorrect or belated opinion and enhance patient issues. This case report highlights the use of target- controlled infusions and spurt ventilation( high- pressure source ventilation) in the surgical excision of a subglottic tumour and its essential pitfalls and troubles. Apnoeic oxygenation is a useful modality to help early desaturation in procedures that involve a participated airway. Constant alert, good communication between platoon members and clinging to stylish practice guidelines will insure a safe outgrowth.

Author(s) Details:

B. A. Bulbulia,
Garden City Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa.

R. Ahmed,
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V3/article/view/8376

Monitoring and Data Analysis in SmallScale Landslide Physical Model: An overview | Chapter 6 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

The methodology and monitoring tools utilised in the physical models of a sandy slope exposed to artificial rainfall are presented in this paper as an overview. Through the use of high-speed stereo cameras, terrestrial laser scanning, and structure-from-motion photogrammetry, surface displacement as well as volumetric water content and acceleration were observed during the development of the slides. Physical models that simulate landslide initiation and motion caused by rainwater infiltration were utilised to establish the rainfall threshold for landslide commencement. In the past 25 years, the primary goal of landslide physical modelling has been to conduct study on the start, motion, and accumulation of fast-moving landslides generated by water infiltration in a slope. At the in October 2018 The Croatian Science Foundation has financed a four-year research project at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, titled "Physical modelling of landslide remediation constructions' behaviour under static and seismic actions." The initial series of experiments' preliminary findings are provided, and the benefits and drawbacks of the equipment in use are explored. The test results help to improve the monitoring system and chosen measuring tools for both subsequent testing of the project and related small-scale physical modelling studies.

Author (s) Details

Sara Pajalic
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka - 51000, Croatia.

Josip Peranic
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka - 51000, Croatia.

Sandra Maksimovic
Starum Ltd., Pula - 52100, Croatia.

Nina Ceh
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka - 51000, Croatia.

Vedran Jagodnik
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka - 51000, Croatia.

Zeljko Arbanas
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka - 51000, Croatia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7551

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pest Management| Chapter 4 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization [1,2], agricultural pests cost 20-40% loss of worldwide crop output each year. Pesticides used in excess to control pests cause serious difficulties. Farmers may use artificial intelligence (AI) approaches combined with contemporary information and communication technologies to manage these hazardous insect pests using smart agriculture. Machine learning (ML), deep learning, and computer vision are all examples of artificial intelligence (AI). Machine Learning is at the heart of AI (ML). AI can aid with taxonomic investigations, ecological studies, and pest control in agricultural entomology. The major focus of this chapter is on AI's use in pest management, namely through pest detection, monitoring, prediction, and identification, which aids in timely pest treatment. Plantix, Leaf-Byte, Bioleaf, Cotton Ace, Apizoom, and more software have been created to diagnose and identify insect pests in order to control them. The following are some of the key applications of AI in pest management that are mentioned in the chapter: Chen et al. [3] created a 90 percent accurate AIoT-based Smart Agricultural System for Tessaratoma papillosa (lychee gigantic stink bug) identification. Aphids, leaf hoppers, flax budworm, and other insect pests were detected using a mobile application created by Karar et al. [4]. All examined pest photos had 99.0 percent accuracy, including flea beetles and red spider mites. Due to the importance of monitoring insect pests in pheromone-based pest management systems, Ding and Taylor [5] created an automatic moth identification approach based on AI and photos received from pheromone traps for timely pest control, as opposed to traditional counting methods. Liu et al. [6] built an autonomous robotic vehicle in a natural farm scenario for the recognition of pyralidae insects with 94.3 percent recognition accuracy for successful pyralidae insect control in the farm using artificial intelligence. Potamitis and Rigakis [7] created a smart trap for remote monitoring of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red palm weevil) in order to execute essential management measures based on ETLs. Selvaraj et al. [8] created an AI-based model for detecting banana illnesses and pests, which has a high success rate and may be used for early disease and pest detection. As a result, combining artificial intelligence with entomology will aid in the effective and timely control of pests and illnesses, as well as forecasting.

Author(s) Details:

Shaik Moizur Rahman,
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad- 500030, India.

Gollapelly Ravi,
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal- 741252, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V7/article/view/6780 

Multiple Geomatic Techniques for Analyzing Coastline Retreat: The Case of Gerra Beach (Cantabrian Coast, Spain) | Chapter 5 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

 Strong winter storms batter the beaches of the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain), causing the coastline to recede. The coastal retreat of the Gerra beach (Cantabria) is investigated in this chapter through a diachronic study using the following geomatic techniques: orthophotography from 1956; photogrammetric flights from 2001, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2017; LiDAR survey from August 2012; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey from November 2018; and terrestrial laser scanner. TLS has made 17 observations. In this eight-year period (2012–2020), changes in volume of the beach and the sea cliff are determined throughout the winter (November–April) and summer (May–October) seasons, with a focus on their association with storms. The results of this analysis show that the cliff's base retreat is minor, but this is not the case for the cliff's top and existing beaches in the Cantabrian Sea, where the retreat is noticeable. Between 1956 and 2020, the retreat of the cliff top line in Gerra beach reached heights of more than 40 metres. During the same time span, other beaches around the Cantabrian Sea have receded by more than 200 metres. Our observations have bolstered inquiries into the retreat of cliffs on the Atlantic coast, where the cliff lithology diversity and the aggressive action of the sea (storms) have been responsible for active erosion on the cliff face. In addition, this study used geomatic techniques that became commercially available between 1956 and 2020, such as aerial photogrammetry, TLS, LiDAR, and UAV, and analysed the data to see how precise each method might be when applied to similar geomorphological structures. The combination of strategies, as well as their adaptation to the geomorphological peculiarities and orographic position of the beach, serve as a model for the regulation of beach dynamics and cliff retreat.

Author (S) Details

Dr. José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco
Departamento de Expresión gráfica, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Enrique Serrano-Cañadas
Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.

Manuel Sánchez-Fernández
Departamento de Expresión gráfica, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Dr. Manuel Gómez-Lende
Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.

Paula Redweik
Department of Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e Energia and Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V8/article/view/1756

Geomatics Techniques for Monitoring the Retreat of Coastal Sandy Systems: Somo Beach (Cantabrian Coast, Spain, 1875–2017) | Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

 Geomatics tools (historical cartography, photogrammetry, topography, and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)) were used to examine the dynamics and evolution of a coastal sandy system over the last 142 years (1875–2017). The continuous beach–dune system is a particularly active restricting sand barrier that closes an estuary system where coastal infrastructure and dwellings are damaged. Historical cartography, digitalizing the 5-m-level curve on maps from 1875, 1908, 1920, 1950, and 1985; photogrammetric flights from 1985, 1988, and 2001 without calibration certificates, digitalizing only the upper part of the sandy front; and historical cartography, digitalizing the 5-m-level curve on maps from 1875, 1908, 1920, 1950, and 1985. Photogrammetric flights in 2005, 2007, 2010, and 2014, using photogrammetric restitution of the 5-m-level curve; topo-bathymetric profiles made monthly with a total station between 1988 and 1993; a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) since 2011 using two annual measurements; and meteorological data from 1985 to 2017. Winter storms with big waves and swells greater than 6 m, combining with times with a high tidal range of over 100 and periods with a large number of intense storms, caused the sandy complex to retreat. Between December 2013 and March 2014, the retreat was 8 metres. At Somo Beach, the overall change in the coastline between 1875 and 2017 was roughly 415 metres of retreat. Between 1999 and 2014, erosive processes on the foredune resulted in the outcropping of the rock face becoming a continuous rocky cliff without sands. Combining geomatic approaches with future TLS data sets may increase our understanding of shoreline changes in the context of sea level and global changes, allowing us to better understand recent coastal evolution and its ramifications for the human environment. To understand the evolution and erosive rhythms on the foredune, the integration and complementarities of multiple methodologies and sources, such as historical mapping, photogrammetric flight series, and TLS, were quite valuable.

Author (S) Details

Dr. José Juan de Sanjosé Blasco
Departamento de Expresión gráfica, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Dr. Manuel Gómez-Lende
Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.

Manuel Sánchez-Fernández
Departamento de Expresión gráfica, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Enrique Serrano-Cañadas
Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V8/article/view/1755

Experiments Using Database Management System to Develop and Implement an Automated Motor Vehicle Management System | Chapter 6 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

 A system designed to control the movement of vehicles in and out of an enterprise is an automated motor vehicle management system. Presently, in most organisations, vehicle movements are handled manually by security officials stationed at the gates. In certain cases, this method is correlated with mismanaged data, incomplete data or no data at all. Consequently, in order to deal with cases of fraud, careful tracking of people and vehicles and to provide accurate information for decision-making, it is important to build a computerised system to handle data taken from the vast number of vehicles that travel in and out of organisations. This study was aimed at introducing a method of motor vehicle movement control and was a valuable starting point for record management at the main gate of Joseph Ayo Babalola University. The proposed scheme is based on a window Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.0. is a software application developed for Microsoft Access as a database management system in a visual studio environment. It was tested over a span of two months with data collected and it was able to enhance the organization's performance, protection and professional appearance.

Author (s) Details

Dipo Theophilus Akomolafe
Departmnet of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria.

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Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Sintering Processes in Rotary Tubular Kilns | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 Within a rotary tubular kiln and in the lining of the oven, we consider methods for modelling the temperature fields. These models are used to build a control system that supports the technical parameters required and reduces heat loss to the environment through the kiln body. The application of a one-dimensional model to these processes is verified by two-dimensional modelling of the processes within the kiln. Using the ANSYS Fluent software kit, a simulation method for choosing a new design for the thermal insulation components, ensuring the reduction of heat loss to the atmosphere and performing the necessary thermal processing is implemented. It proposes a new type of insulation feature that reduces the heat loss from the kiln to the atmosphere and reduces the temperature of the kiln's outer surface. A system is built for monitoring the condition of the lining using a thermal imager and a control system that ensures the lining quality without stopping the operation of the kiln. The developed mathematical model of petroleum coke calcination for enhanced coke production describes chemical transformations with adequate adequacy through weight loss of the charge in the selected rotary tubular kiln. It can be used with the use of nonlinear mathematical methods of programming for optimising an industrial operation.

Author(s) Details

Yu. V. Sharikov

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

F. Yu. Sharikov

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

K. A. Krylov

Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

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Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Sintering Processes in Rotary Tubular Kilns| Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 

Part 1: Assessment of Tubular Rotary Kiln Modelling Processes to Create Sintering Process Control Systems

Within a rotary tubular kiln and in the lining of the oven, we consider methods for modelling the temperature fields. These models are used to build a control system that supports the technical parameters required and reduces heat loss to the environment through the kiln body. The application of a one-dimensional model to these processes is verified by two-dimensional modelling of the processes within the kiln. Using the ANSYS Fluent software package, a simulation method for selecting a new design for the thermal insulation elements, ensuring the reduction of heat loss to the environment and performing the required thermal processing is implemented. It proposes a new type of insulation feature that reduces the heat loss from the kiln to the atmosphere and reduces the temperature of the kiln's outer surface. A device used by a thermal imager to monitor the condition of the lining and a control system that ensures the quality of the lining They are produced without stopping the operation of the kiln. The developed mathematical model of petroleum coke calcination for enhanced coke production describes chemical transformations with adequate adequacy through weight loss of the charge in the selected rotary tubular kiln. It can be used with the use of nonlinear mathematical methods of programming for optimising an industrial operation.

Author(s) Details

Yu. V. Sharikov
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

F. Yu. Shariokv
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

K. A. Krylov
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/299