Drying Kinetics and Fungal Infection in Red and Yellow Onions (Allium cepa): A Simulation Approach | Chapter 4 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

In the Philippines, red and yellow onions are frequently cultivated. The country’s advantageous climate and soil traits create an optimal setting for growing these onion types. The elevated moisture levels in onions render them vulnerable to fungal growth, especially Aspergillus niger, leading to spoilage and economic losses in agriculture. Drying is a method used to prolong the shelf life of onions by decreasing moisture content and water activity. Dehydrating onions to a moisture content (MC) of 5% prevents the proliferation of microorganisms and ultimately extends their shelf life. This study aims to determine the ideal drying temperature and minimum duration for onions to reach 5% moisture content by assessing the least energy usage. Three mathematical models—Laplace Transform Model, Page Model, and Non-linear Decomposition Model—were analysed to characterise the drying behaviour of thinly cut red and yellow onions at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C, utilising a tray dryer with 20% relative humidity and an air velocity of 2 m/s. The Page model provided the optimal fit for red and yellow onions with the smallest overall error. The optimum drying temperature was observed at 70°C for both red and yellow onions, which was efficient in producing quality onions without any fungal growth at the shortest drying time of 25.6 and 24.74 minutes, respectively. The power requirement calculated at 70°C was 154.18 W for red onions and 148.07 W for yellow onions.  These results may serve as a basis for developing efficient drying protocols in red and yellow onion processing industries.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Lola Domnina Pestaño
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Megan Krisanta E. Gaspar
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Aereous Francesca D. Quizon
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Rhodelie Anne L. Sandoval
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6622

Quality Control Assessment of Road Construction in Thailand Using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer | Chapter 8 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 Direct monitoring of the mechanical properties (e.g. stiffness and strength) plays a crucial role for quantitative evaluations and is also consistent with current mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design procedures, which require the mechanical properties of unbound materials.  In this study, a convenient dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) was employed to assess the penetration resistance of unbound materials (e.g. crushed rock base, soil-aggregate subbase, sand embankment, natural subgrade etc.) in the laboratory and the road construction sites in Thailand in companion with the conventional compaction control tests.  Penetration resistance of unbound materials in terms of DCP index divided by the deviation of compaction moisture content from the optimum moisture content (OMC) in companion with typical earthwork compaction acceptance criteria for a given material type was proposed to enhance construction quality control, to ensure proper compaction quality, to attain structural uniformity, and to facilitate quantitative evaluations of a controlled design parameter during road construction process.  Ultimately, the moisture content had a significant impact on the mechanical behavior and needed to be limited after construction.  On the other hand, the effect of RC on DPI of the compacted unbound materials was relatively minor compared to moisture content.  The quality control assessment (QCA) parameter was also introduced in order to ensure proper compaction quality and to attain structural uniformity during road construction.

Author(s) Details:

A Sawangsuriya,
Department of Highways, Thailand.

S Wachiraporn,
Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand.

W Sramoon,
Mahanakorn University of Technology, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V9/article/view/13929

The Drying Kinetics of Pre-Treated Sweet Potato Strips | Chapter 1 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 6

 Sweet potatoes are prone to the fungi, Rhizopus oryzae that results in fast spoilage upon delivery due to its moisture content (MC). This problem can be addressed by a drying process where a hot tray air dryer was used. The decrease in MC can prolong the shelf-life of the sweet potato. Also, pre-treating sweet potato with sodium metabisulfite results in unique flavor, color and texture attributes which are the main drivers of consumer acceptability of the products.  Sweet potatoes were cut uniformly into 30x5x5 mm dimension. The sweet potato strips were soaked in 2%(w/v) Potassium Metabisulfite (KMS) solution at 50°C for 15 minutes and were drained under standard condition. The treated sweet potato strips were dried at 40°C, 50°C, 60° C until the constant weight was obtained. Laplace Transform Model, Non-Linear Decomposition Model, and Page Model are the three mathematical models that were compared to determine what is the best fit for the drying of the sweet potato. Based on data gathered, The Page model was found to be the most suitable to describe the drying characteristics of treated sweet potato strips with the least total error and highest coefficient of determination. The optimum drying temperature was 60°C with a drying time of 46 minutes to achieve 10% MC that inhibit the growth of Rhizopus oryzae. The pre-treatment of sweet potato strips avoids the undesirable changes such as the natural color and texture of sweet potatoes after air-drying.

Author(s) Details:

Lola Domnina Pestaño,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, 1015 España Boulevard, Manila-1004, Philippines and Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, 1015 España Boulevard, Manila 1004, Philippines. 

Fauve Ira Alexa V. Obregon,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, 1015 España Boulevard, Manila-1004, Philippines.

Maria Blesy C. Silvano,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, 1015 España Boulevard, Manila-1004, Philippines.

Jeelaine G. Vicencio,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, 1015 España Boulevard, Manila-1004, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V6/article/view/13558

Determination of Drying Kinetics for Nagpur Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis-L) Using a High-Efficiency Hot Air Electrical Dryer: An Experimental Investigation | Chapter 3 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 2

 This study focuses on the exploratory investigation and theoretical contrasting of drying kinetics for Nagpur combination of red and yellow fruit in a hot-air energetic dryer. Given the high perishability of combination of red and yellow fruit, immediate devouring or processing is important post-harvest. Dehydration emerges as a proficient preservation method, cueing an exploration of thin tier drying characteristics under varying environments such as drying air temperatures, relative moisture, and air velocities across different liquid contents. The research employs thin tier models, specifically Wang and Singh, Page, and Henderson, to compare hypothetical predictions with exploratory findings. Understanding drying movement proves essential for pinpointing exact drying times and optimal air flow velocities matching to different liquid levels. The drying operation is executed at velocities of 1 m/s and 1.25 m/s for hotnesses of 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C. Results indicate that drying temperature considerably influences moisture evacuation, whereas velocity strives the least impact. The drying rate increases with growing temperature and diminishes over occasion. The statistical equating of experimental data through drying characteristic curve scheming reveals that Wang and Singh's model outperforms others in exemplifying the drying behavior of Nagpur cantaloupe fruit (R²=0.9711). This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of the intricate interaction between drying parameters, providing valuable insights for optimum drying conditions and efficient protection.

Author(s) Details:

Prashant M. Rewatkar,
Kinkar Institute of Technology, Seloo, Wardha, India.

Sandip S. Jawre,
Shri Shankar Prasad Agnihotri College of Engineering, Wardha, India.

Sanket R. Choudhari,
Kinkar Institute of Technology, Seloo, Wardha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V2/article/view/12946

Monitoring Lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil| Chapter 9 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 This member researched on listening lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil. Ground water and soil adulteration by leachate is a serious pollution question. Landfill leachate is one of the main beginnings of groundwater and surface water pollution if it is not correctly collected and doctored and safely ready as it may percolate through soil arriving water aquifer. Study again create a easy model to track allure movement. An arising technique for characterization of soil is soil energetic resistivity. Moisture content and soil moisture bulk are two key factors that influence it. Determinations of electrical resistivity of soil in and apart a municipal waste dump scene as well as laboratory perseverance of soil moisture content were completed activity in this study. The fall of potential plan is adopted in this place work for calculation of electrical resistivity. The materials contain an ammeter, a voltmeter, earth electrodes,  dense cable and a 9-volt artillery.  A linear link 'tween resistivity and regression reasoning was intended to be settled. The results demonstrate that liquid content dropped as distance from the beginnings of leachate formation raised, but resistivity increased. The grown model showed a good coefficient of equivalence of 0.975 thus substantiating the model. Leachate concentration/dampness content has been habitual to vary accompanying distance away from point of production.

Author(s) Details:

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Uneke A. Louis,
Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Anea-Bari D. Burabe,
Department of Surveying, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abednego G. T. George,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Letam P. Leelee,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Nwikina B. Bariene,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11090

Performance Evaluation of Flue Gas Emissions and Small-Scale Solid Waste Incinerator from Egerton University and Its Environs, Kenya | Chapter 4 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 This affiliate evaluated the determinants influencing the performance of tiny incinerators by incinerating solid wastes at variable: moisture connotations; loading/charging rates; and operating hotness levels on flue vapor emissions (colorless odorless toxic gas, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon). Solid waste management issue is the most generous challenge to the authorities of two together small and big cities in developing countries. This is principally due to the growing generation of aforementioned solid waste and the burden posed on the concerning cities budgets. In addition to the high costs, hard waste management is guide lack of understanding over different factors that influence the entire management system.This research was transported using incinerators at Egerton University (Dispensary), Ng’ondu (Janda Plaza), Green Valley (Community Resource Centre) and domestic in neighbouring estates containing the Animal Science Nutritional Laboratories (Muffle Furnaces). Data collected were statistically analysed to decide trends, method, F-values and Least Significant Different (LSD) at . Wastes incineration at variable moisture constituents (MC) from 15 to 75% produced mean diffusion values for carbon monoxide (CO), colorless odorless gas (CO2), and hydrocarbon (HC) ranging 'tween 5 and 11 ppm, 5 and 14%, and from 508 to 1168 ppm, respectively. Varying the destructor loading rates from 15 to 75 kg/h surrendered means CO ranging middle from two points 5 and 12 ppm, CO2 from 5 to 14%, and HC between 252 and 1096 ppm, individually. Waste incineration at variable operating temperature levels from 180 to 900°C contributed to mean issuances for CO, CO2 and HC ranging from 14 to 5 ppm, 15 to 6% and 1253 to 316 ppm, individually. The Egerton University dispensary destructor had the best incineration act compared to the rest. The extreme levels of flue vapor emissions, overloaded incinerators, and depressed operating temperatures all provided to incomplete waste explosion and dark, dense smoke, that indicated weak incineration accomplishment. Low moisture content, high operating hotnesses, low levels of element, and white and fine bottom ruins were formed during waste burning, indicating complete explosion.  The incineration explosion efficiency improvement through the constant emission listening would reduce the pipe gas emission levels and increase the feature of bottom ash residues.

Author(s) Details:

Stephen G. Mugo Nyoti,
Department of Industrial and Energy Engineering, Egerton University, P.O.BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.

D. M. Nyaanga,
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, P.O.BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.

S. F. Owido,
Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soil, Egerton University, P.O.BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.

G. O. Owino,
Department of Industrial and Energy Engineering, Egerton University, P.O.BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11085

Post Harvest Management Strategies and Storage Approaches for Quality Seed Production | Chapter 8 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Post harvest administration includes the processes done directly after reaping the produce, including cooling, cleansing, sorting and packing. After the crop is picked immediately from the field, there is a extreme chance of deterioration on account of its initial extreme moisture content. Therefore postharvest treatments are likely to increase its useful life of product and maintain its character. In terms of cleaning and improving of cereal seeds, blowing away fans are used for break-up of unwanted materials specifically weed seeds, hay, rice husks, panicle stalks, empty and broken grains, sand, rocks, rocks, dust, plastics, and even alloy and glass particles. The dampness content of the harvested seeds at the beginning stage should be drained in the range of 20-23%. Whereas the moisture content at the final stage of drying endure be maintained at 13%. If not properly drained, the seed gets overrun with insects early and the pregnancy percentage of the seed portion deteriorates fast. Another important operation afterwards drying is grading that helps in the removal of smaller and dehydrated seeds from the well filled active seeds. In order to claim vigor and viability of the stocked seeds, seed situation is considered to be an essential step that includes use of fungicides, pesticides, insecticides or a combination of these in order to pure and disinfest seeds from seed carried or soil borne pathogenic structures and storage insects. For the control of depository insects and pests, moving air through a space is done particularly accompanying Aluminium Phosphide and Methyl Bromide. Hence, in order to claim proper management and depository of seeds, seed dampness and temperature are deliberate to be the most main factors for maintaining and maintaining quality of seeds specifically vigor and animation of the stored seeds.

Author(s) Details:

Priyanka Sharma,
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Seed Science and Technology Programme, Assam Agricultural University, India.

Monish Roy,
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundi Bari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.

Bidhan Roy,
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundi Bari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.

Sharmila Dutta Deka,
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Seed Science and Technology Programme, Assam Agricultural University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V2/article/view/10046

Investigation of the Drying Kinetics of Pre-treated and Untreated Sweet Potato to Prevent the Growth of the Fungi Rhizopus oryzae| Chapter 4 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 Sweet vegetables are susceptible to the fungi Rhizopus oryzae, that causes rapid spoilage upon transmittal due to the dampness content, which can cultivate a fungus that produces a bad smell and a cottony white color. The decline in moisture content can offer the sweet potato's useful life of product. This problem maybe addressed by a drying process using a slick tray dryer. The drying action of pre-treated and not cooked sweet potatoes was investigated to produce drained sweet potatoes outside the growth of the fungi. Sweet vegetables were peeled and cut into 5x5x30 mm evenly. For the pre-treatment, the sliced sweet vegetable strips were soaked in 2%(w/v) Potassium Metabisulfite (KMS) answer at 50∘C for 15 minutes and were exhausted under standard conditions. The pre-treated and not cooked sweet potato strips were drained in separate trays at 40∘C, 50∘C and 60∘C using a slick dryer until the neverending weight of the batch was got. Numerical simulation utilizing the Laplace Transform Model, Non-Linear Decomposition Model, and Page Model were compared to decide the best fit model for the drying of the pre-medicated and untreated sweet potato strips. Based on the dossier gathered, the Page Model was raise to be ultimate suitable model to describe the drying traits of pre-treated and not cooked sweet potato strips. The best drying temperature was 60∘C and thought a drying time of 46.01 minutes utilizing the Lagrange interpolation to reach 10% moisture that restrict the growth of Rhizopus oryzae. The air-dried pre-considered samples showed a good neurological quality limit such as color and makeup compared to air-dried not cooked sample.  The pre-treated sweet vegetable strips avoid the unacceptable changes such as the unrefined color, texture and odor of sweet vegetables after air-drying.

Author(s) Details:

Lola Domnina B. Pestaño,
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Fauve Ira Alexa V. Obregon,
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Maria Blesy C. Silvano,
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Jeelaine G. Vicencio,
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V1/article/view/8915

Calculation of the Expanded Uncertainty of the Measurements of the Moisture Content of a Lot of Paper Samples | Chapter 09 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

 Oven drying at 105°C was explored as a method for determining the dry matter content in the laboratory. It was used in this work to determine the moisture content of sheets and boards that did not contain any other chemical compounds save water. The moisture content of a paper sample is mostly determined by the moisture content of its environment.

The goal of this project was to expand on the ISO technique in the laboratory by employing four different paper substrates and statistically analysing the findings.

The proper sampling process, as well as the conditioning of the quality control sample paper, were given priority. The moisture content measurements were carried out in a 105oC oven for 16 hours.

The moisture percentage of the paper substrates studied was 4 percent -6 percent w/w, according to the analytical results. Finally, the moisture content was calculated as a percentage mass fraction using the equation wH2O=((mo-m1)/mo)x100 (1a)

where m0 was the mass of the test piece inside the glass container before oven drying or at the time of sampling, in grammes, and m1 was the mass of the test piece inside the glass container after drying to constant mass, in grammes. For the physical transformation of water into vapour, the definition of the standard enthalpy change was used.

In addition, the combined standard uncertainty was computed as follows:

(RSD rMETHOD2+((u(wH2O)/wH2O)2) RSDTOTAL=(RSD rMETHOD2+((u(wH2O)/wH2O)2) RSDTOTAL=(RSD rMETHOD2+((u(wH2O) (1b)

CV=sr x100/mean (1c) was also used to determine the RSD rMETHOD (repeatability coefficient of variation), where sr=repeatability standard deviation.

For each of the four separate samples of paper, the expanded uncertainty was computed using the equation: Uexpanded = 2.RSDTOTAL at a 95% confidence level and coefficient k=2 (1d).

The statistical analysis of the gravimetric approach presented was required in order to further refine the analytical method employed in the laboratory and thus produce exact results, as well as to quantify extended uncertainties and estimate moisture content expectations. The goal of the study was to quantify the uncertainty of measuring the moisture content of paper samples in the lab and to investigate the statistics of this measurement using mathematical models.

Author(S) Details

Katerina Chryssou
General Chemical State Laboratory, B Chemical Service of Athens, An. Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

Maria Stassinopoulou
General Chemical State Laboratory, B Chemical Service of Athens, An. Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

Eugenia Lampi
General Chemical State Laboratory, B Chemical Service of Athens, An. Tsocha 16, 11521 Athens, Greece.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V8/article/view/5633

Determining the Effect of Storage, Moisture and Temperature on Vigour and Viability of Rapeseed and Mustard | Chapter 05 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

 The primary goal of rape and mustard cultivation is to increase oil content while also providing a significant amount of protein. Rapeseed and mustard are widely recognised as a highly promising source of edible oil, which can be made available all year by increasing agricultural yield through scientific technological intervention and extension initiatives. However, one of the biggest impediments in realising the crop's potential production is a lack of understanding, particularly in terms of the use of technological treatments. Furthermore, failure to implement proper harvesting and post-harvest processes might result in significant losses. As a result, prolonging the storage life of seeds should be prioritised throughout post-harvest processes, notably threshing and crop storage. Seed vigour and viability are critical factors in obtaining high germination rates, and maintaining them for effective storage is a must at every stage of the process, including harvesting, curing, drying, cleaning, grading, transportation, storage, and sowing. The two most critical elements determining seed lifetime are seed moisture content and storage temperature. Pest control at the correct time and stage of the oilseed crop is critical when it comes to pest infestations, especially those that occur in mustard. Proper drying of oilseeds, particularly mustard, to a minimum moisture limit set by the International Seed Testing Association can decrease or eliminate pest manipulation (ISTA).

Author(S) Details 

Priyanka Sharma
ICAR, Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Sewar Bharatpur Rajasthan (APART) Sonitpur, Assam, India.

Monish Roy
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari-736165, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.

Bidhan Roy
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Pundibari-736165, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V5/article/view/5258

The Investigation of the Effects of Banana Maturity on the Drying Kinetics of Thinly-Sliced Saba (Musa balbasiana) Using Hot-Air Dryer | Chapter 10 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 16

 Banana is one of the most widely grown crops in the Philippines, and one of the most popular varieties is Musa balbasiana, sometimes known as Saba. Saba is perishable due to its high moisture content, and drying is one way to extend its shelf life. It must be consumed within a few days of harvesting due to its short shelf life. Saba's shelf life can be extended by up to six months if dried to a moisture content of 12 percent. The study focuses on the impact of banana ripeness and selects a mathematical model that best fits the drying kinetics of the fruit. The banana samples, both unripe and ripe Saba, were bone-dried in a hot-air tray drier without any pre-treatment. Three experiments were conducted at temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C to provide repeatable results. The treated data for both unripe and ripe Saba best suited the Laplace Transform Model out of the three mathematical models utilised in the study. The time per trial was calculated using Lagrange interpolation; for the three trials, unripe Saba dried at 50°C achieved the optimal moisture content in an average time of 87.5574 minutes, while ripe Saba dried at 40°C obtained the same moisture content in an average time of 88.8619 minutes. The discoloration diminished as the temperature rose, demonstrating that browning was enzymatic. When it comes to determining the drying time, the difference in the amount of moisture that can be removed from Saba is a bigger factor than the temperature.

Author(S) Details

Lola Domnina Pestaño
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines. and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

John Paul Bautista
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Reizl Leguiab
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

Sean Danielle Puri
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V16/article/view/4063

Design and Performance Evaluation of an Indirect Solar Dryer: A Recent Study| Chapter 10 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

Based on meteorological data of mean monthly values of ambient temperature, wind speed, and global solar radiation, which were 22.2oC, 3.64 m/s, and 206 W/m2 respectively, an indirect solar dryer was designed, fabricated, and evaluated in an attempt to reduce post-harvest losses of tomato that gluts in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria, from August to October each year. The projected dryer has a solar collector inclined at an angle of 20.26oC to the horizontal, with an air mass-flow rate of 3.106 X 10-3 kg/s and an overall mean drying rate of 0.140 kg/h. It also had a 0.115 m3/s air volumetric flow rate and 0.065m thick lagging material. During the study months, the dryer determined that drying tomatoes from a postharvest moisture content of 95.6 percent (d.b) to a storage moisture content of 15.8 percent (d.b) took 50.8 hours (d.b). More research is needed to determine the effects of incorporating an additional source of heat or a heat reservoir to ensure day and night drying, which will improve the drying rate and, as a result, reduce drying time, following the development and evaluation of tomato-fruit dryers in other parts of the world. Tomato colour, firmness, flavour, nutritional value, and safety are all affected by the composition of the fruit at harvest and changes in composition during postharvest processing.

Author (S) Details

Bashir Aliyu
Department of Agricultural & Environmental Engineering, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria.

E. K. Bwade
Department of Agricultural & Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3821

Study on Microbial Analysis and Surface Characterization of SABIC Carbon Steel Corrosion in Soils of Different Moisture Levels | Chapter 2 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

It investigated the impact of three different soil types in Saudi Arabia on specimens of SABIC carbon steel grade X60 (SCSX60). The findings showed that the environmental influence of different environments was very evident, suggesting that SCSX60 specimens were very corrosive to the soils studied. Based on the moisture content and immersion time, the composition and morphology of the corrosion products were different in the soil tested. Furthermore, the findings have shown that bacteria play an important role in SCSX60.0 corrosion. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to further elucidate the complex systems found in the studied soil, the morphologies of corrosion products were characterized.

Author (s) Details

Awatif Al-Judaibi
Biological Science Department, Microbiology Section, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Aisha Al-Moubaraki
Chemistry Department, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V2/issue/view/16

Detailed Study on Design and Construction of Fish Smoking Kiln | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 4

 The aim of the design and construction of the fish smoking kiln was to upgrade the existing fish smoking kiln. The kiln is constructed of a metal frame made of angled iron on which the whole part has been mounted. The handle, through the chain and sprocket, controls the speed of the ventilation fan. To allow for proper ventilation, the charcoal housing is made of perforated metal sheet. By turning the handle that drives the fan to improve natural ventilation, the kiln is manually operated. The output of the machine was measured using fish samples (African mud fish) smoked at an average humidity content of 11.46 percent over an average time period of 5 h, and the average final weight of the dried fish was 0.9827 Kg. It has been found that it is possible to hold the fish for at least two months before showing signs of spoilage. It can also be inferred that the application of less toxic insecticides should be followed by fish that should be kept in cartons.

Author (s) Details

Hussaini, Idris Danjuma
Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering Technology Department, Adamawa State College of Agriculture Ganye, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Adamu, Gbomsari Idris
Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering Technology Department, Adamawa State College of Agriculture Ganye, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V4/issue/view/13

Research on Strength, Fatigue Strength and Stiffness of High-Tech Bamboo/Epoxy Composites | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

A major problem in the strength data available for cellulose fibre‐based materials is that the moisture content of the test specimens is rarely measured, and yet it is the dominant variable in the tests. Detailed strength and stiffness results are presented for Brazilian Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo at a wide range of moisture contents down to 2% and the fatigue curve is given for Chinese Moso bamboo at 4% moisture content. Techniques are described for handling the variability of these natural materials, both in design and in manufacturing quality control, for the mass production of large, hightech composites wind turbine blades. 

Author(s) Details 

Michael James
Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189