A Modeling of the Compressibility Effects on the Turbulent Shear Flow | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 9

Due to its great ability to capture almost all the characteristic properties of turbulent structural flows, the second-order model is successful in many different interest industries and environment complex problems. These successes are attributed to the modeling advances of the pressure strain correlation which controls the strong changes in the turbulence anisotropy. For this reason, this term is regarded as a modeling Carrefour in this chapter. In the present work, compressible models involve the turbulent Mach number. the gradient Mach number and the convective Mach number for this term are examined in different cases of the compressible homogeneous shear flow and the developed mixing layers. Comparisons to the universal models and the accepted numerical data show that the modeling of the pressure strain can be useful for studying and then understanding the structural compressibility effects.

 

Author(s) Details

Khlifi Hechmi
School of Military Aviation, Carthage University, IPEIB, Bizerte, Naval Academy,Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Laboratory SACES, Borj El Amri 1142, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v9/1131

Modelling and Sustainable Management of Sludge in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: A Case Study from Meknes, Morocco | Chapter 2 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 9

 

Water management is a key pillar of sustainable development. Indeed, the rational use of water has become a condition for new investments in the water sector, as in many sectors. Optimising the production of drinking water is one aspect. This optimisation involves not only the choice of water resource use but also the management of by-products of the water treatment process to manage sustainably the exploited water resources. The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with a tool to attain the most effective management of the facility's by-products and in consequently optimise the cubic meter price of the treated water.

 

The city of Meknes is watered from two sources and a set of holes (14), The turbidity of water sources can vary depending on rainfall recorded in the region. A water treatment plant (600 l/s) was performed for the purification of water sources. Through this study, we focus on the modelling of the sludge volume produced by this plant. As in the construction field, WTP sludge is very important in the pottery sector. A study proposed the use of a mixture consisting of sludge (85%) and sand (silicon dioxide), 15%, in pottery manufacturing.

 

The objective is to design a model for calculating the sludge volume from the actual data recorded in the plant. The model can be used by the operator to predict the sludge volume and can also be used by the designers.

 

The results of this study demonstrated that the volumes calculated from the model constructed considering the data recorded at the station perfectly match the volumes produced, with a determination coefficient of 100%.

 

This paper has presented some preliminary results concerning the challenging task of modelling the sludge volume produced by the water treatment plant using a model. The application of this model can not only provide the operator with an effective tool for managing the station by-products but also provide designers with a formula to prevent over-/under design of structures. Therefore, these measures help to optimise the cost of production of drinking water and will play an important role in the sustainable development of water resources. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider this approach to be applied in the treatment plant for water with a similar turbidity level.

 

Author(s) Details

M.Farhaoui
National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, Morocco.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v9/5807

 

Predicting Rice Crop Yields in Prayagraj: A Comparison of Regression Techniques and Neural Networks | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 5

This study investigates rice crop yield prediction in Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, using twenty-nine years of historical weather and crop yield data from 1991 to 2019. The analysis divided the dataset into a calibration segment comprising 90% of the data over 26 years, with the remaining 10% used for validation. In our approach, 75.9% of the data was used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model, and 24.1% was employed for testing and validation to ensure 100% model efficiency evaluation. Techniques such as stepwise linear regression and neural networks were applied to predict rice yields. The performance of these models was measured primarily by the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE), with the regression-based model achieving superior performance, indicated by the lowest nRMSE values. The study also noted the critical role of Bright Sunshine Hours, which demonstrated a significant predictive power with an nRMSE of 0.00025 and a coefficient of determination of 0.94.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nilesh Kumar Singh
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Shraddha Rawat
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v5/4249

Estimation of foF2 Using Global Model of Ionospheric Slab Thickness (GMIST) During January 15, 2022 Tonga Eruption | Chapter 7| Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

 

The performance of the global model of ionospheric slab thickness (GMIST) in terms of F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) estimation is evaluated during ionospheric disturbances caused by Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption on January 15, 2022. Hourly values of foF2 estimation using GMIST with TEC input of global ionospheric map (GIM) are compared with foF2 observations from ionosonde stations. For this purpose, the correlation coefficient and deviation are calculated at different locations of ionosonde stations. The GMIST foF2 and ionosonde foF2 at the nearest HTHH have the largest at about 5MHz and the longest deviation during about 14 hours. The trend of the deviation decreases as the distance of ionosonde stations from HTHH increases. The trend indicates the effect of HTHH eruption on the ionosphere involves neutral wind that causes total electron content and foF2 are decrease in different levels. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficients between GMIST foF2 and ionosonde foF2 are not influenced by HTHH eruption. The results show that the HTHH eruption affects the GMIST foF2 performance, especially near the epicenter. Overall the daily mean absolute deviations vary from 0.3 MHz – 1.55 MHz. Hence the GMIST model is feasible to be used for HF communication prediction, especially during quiet ionospheric conditions, and necessary to be updated using real time ionosonde observation, especially after extreme vulcano eruption.

 

Author(s) Details:

Buldan Muslim
Geospatial Research Center of National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.

 

Prof. Mukhamad Nur Cahyadi, S.T., M.Sc., PhD
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia.

 

Haris Haralambous
Frederick University, Cyprus.

 

Christina Oikonomou
Frederick University, Cyprus.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/eieges/v6/7256C

Study about Rheological Behavior of Human Blood: Interrelationship between Two Models| Chapter 1 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 Existing models of viscosity including models Carreau-Gambaruto and Quemada, are approximate because it is difficult to introduce all the factors affecting the viscosity. The viscoelasticity of blood and the newly established viscoelasticity of plasma should bring more light to blood rheology. Medical, fluid mechanics and rheology experts are still quite interested in the flow of blood. There are many models that exist that show the apparent viscosity as a function of shear stress; we will focus on the Quemada and Carreau-Gambaruto models for our discussion. The comparison between models and viscosity measurements showed discordance for shear rates below a few tenths of s.-1. The existence of an inflection point on the experimental curve is probably related to a system relaxation due to the rupture of the red blood cell structure named rouleaux.

Author(s) Details:

Zineb Mimouni,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Applied Physics Department, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V9/article/view/14309

Estimation of foF2 Using Global Model of Ionospheric Slab Thickness (GMIST) During January 15, 2022 Tonga Eruption | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

The performance of the global model of ionospheric slab thickness (GMIST) in terms of F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) estimation is evaluated during ionospheric disturbances caused by Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) eruption on January 15, 2022. Hourly values of foF2 estimation using GMIST with TEC input of global ionospheric map (GIM) are compared with foF2 observations from ionosonde stations. For this purpose, the correlation coefficient and deviation are calculated at different locations of ionosonde stations. The GMIST foF2 and ionosonde foF2 at the nearest HTHH have the largest at about 5MHz and the longest deviation during about 14 hours. The trend of the deviation decreases as the distance of ionosonde stations from HTHH increases. The trend indicates the effect of HTHH eruption on the ionosphere involves neutral wind that causes total electron content and foF2 are decrease in different levels. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficients between GMIST foF2 and ionosonde foF2 are not influenced by HTHH eruption. The results show that the HTHH eruption affects the GMIST foF2 performance, especially near the epicenter. Overall the daily mean absolute deviations vary from 0.3 MHz – 1.55 MHz. Hence the GMIST model is feasible to be used for HF communication prediction, especially during quiet ionospheric conditions, and necessary to be updated using real time ionosonde observation, especially after extreme vulcano eruption.

Author(s) Details:

Buldan Muslim,
Geospatial Research Center of National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.

Mukhamad Nur Cahyadi,
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Haris Haralambous,
Frederick University, Cyprus.

Christina Oikonomou,
Frederick University, Cyprus.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V6/article/view/13109

Conceptualizing an Ideal Policing Model: Strategies for South African Police | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

This branch conceptualize a perfect policing model and corruption-fighting tactics for the South African-american police aid. Controlling crime is the lawman's primary goal.  top arrangement since 1996 when the National Felony Prevention Strategy (NCPS) of 1996 was started. This strategy is established a fundamentally new approach by government that is both a multi-agency and multi-body initiative. In particular, it demands the development of wider blame for crime stop and a shift in emphasis from reactive “misconduct control” which deploys most resources towards replying after crimes have before been committed, towards full of enthusiasm "crime stop" which is aimed at forbiding crime from occurring. All generally supports professional crime fighting as the basic policing technique cause it represents a forceful dedication to this goal. Added recommended strategies, aforementioned community policing or logical, seem to be concealing the main point. These hopeful undesirable alternatives if they raised the risk of criminal victimization in the community. But when evaluating the value of alternative police strategies in crime control, individual must look beyond words or just declared assurance to the cause; one must look for showed effectiveness in achieving the objective. Contemporary's professional crime-fighting tactics include three primary actions: motorized patrol, prompt emergency reaction, and retroactive crime examination. Over the past few decades, police openness has been improved by joining officers accompanying the public via telephones, radios, and machines as well as by matching policeman schedules and locations to anticipated entails service. The field will know it has a more forceful policing plan possible if they are successful in the next three to five years at two together decreasing major evil and winning over the public's support. The aim of problem-solving and community protect is to base a close, as opposed to a remote, friendship with the community.

Author(s) Details:

John Motsamai Modise,
South African Police Service, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V3/article/view/12842

Dispersion Models for Waste Stabilization Pond: A Comparative Analysis | Chapter 6 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 Dispersion number (d) is ultimate basic determinant of measurement in hydraulic shaping of pollution in waste counterweight ponds and its veracity is important to measure the characteristic practice of pollutants in the puddle. Tracer experiments were performed in a workshop channel to determine aggregation of solute and dispersal number for different flows through the channel. Two forms of sample collection were selected: (1) constant-opportunity-variable-distance and (2) neverending-distance-variable–occasion apperoches. Five dispersion models secondhand in the determination of dispersal number in waste stabilization ponds that is to say Levenspiel and smith [1], Liu [2], Polprasert and Bhatarai, Taylor [3] and Agunwamba and Uneke [4] were used to decide the phenomena and distinguished. Model calculations demonstrated that Liu’s model is closest to that of Levenspiel and Smith that is used as standard for tracer aggregation measurement dispersal number in ponds. Lui’s model may before be used for design of new ponds. Agunwamba’s model trails after Liu’s in nearness but overestimates peak aggregation by about 3 times the calculated. It is however better than Levenspiels on account of it is time conditional and cost effective. Unlike Liu’s model, Agunwamba’s model cannot be secondhand in design of new ponds.

Author(s) Details:

Uneke A. Louis,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa, Ibom State, Nigeria.

Nwikina B. Bariene,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Kanee Sorbari,
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Oba L. Achemie,
Department of Civil Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abednego G. T. George,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Anea-Bari D. Burabe,
Department of Surveying, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Letam P. Leelee,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V7/article/view/12203

Modelling and Visual Basic Programming for Hydraulic Jumps | Chapter 3 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 7

This member investigated about displaying the rise in water level in a flow, exceptionally, in open channels as a result of sudden progress in flow regimes from unstable gunfire flow to a relatively constant streaming flow. A hydraulic jump is characterised apiece development of big turbulence, strength dissipation and air entrainment. For the best profit maximisation, moment of truth- and money-wasting manual calculation of hydraulic engineering issues that demand numerous redundancies was modelled. Hydraulic jumps is a wonder that occurs in water mobile and encounters energy change (strength loss )on account of change in one or more of speed, cross section, insight etc of the water or passage channel. The process integrates energy and impetus equations, and the analytical model calculated the hydraulic jump's mechanics properties. Through the use of the able to be seen with eyes basic set up language, the model's equatings were simulated. A record of what happened on the model showed that the programme runs absolutely and comparison of the results of the experiments accompanying the manual results showed that two together gave same result of  The results of the experiments reinforced irrigation, available water, mix chemical compound for water purification, oxygenate water and waste water for water situation and removal of air bubbles in supply lines. The strength loss is affected by the wisdom and width of the channel. The lower the wisdom the higher the head misfortune and the higher the insight, the lower the head loss.The programme is considered for use in engineering aids analysis, design, and advisory.

Author(s) Details:

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Ledogo B. Augustine,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Oba L. Achemie,
Depertment of Civil Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpoulu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Gbinu S. Kabari,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Tekena G. Amie-Ogan,
Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Kanee Sorbari,

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V7/article/view/11118 

Monitoring Lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil| Chapter 9 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 5

 This member researched on listening lateral Movement of Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity and Moisture Content of Soil. Ground water and soil adulteration by leachate is a serious pollution question. Landfill leachate is one of the main beginnings of groundwater and surface water pollution if it is not correctly collected and doctored and safely ready as it may percolate through soil arriving water aquifer. Study again create a easy model to track allure movement. An arising technique for characterization of soil is soil energetic resistivity. Moisture content and soil moisture bulk are two key factors that influence it. Determinations of electrical resistivity of soil in and apart a municipal waste dump scene as well as laboratory perseverance of soil moisture content were completed activity in this study. The fall of potential plan is adopted in this place work for calculation of electrical resistivity. The materials contain an ammeter, a voltmeter, earth electrodes,  dense cable and a 9-volt artillery.  A linear link 'tween resistivity and regression reasoning was intended to be settled. The results demonstrate that liquid content dropped as distance from the beginnings of leachate formation raised, but resistivity increased. The grown model showed a good coefficient of equivalence of 0.975 thus substantiating the model. Leachate concentration/dampness content has been habitual to vary accompanying distance away from point of production.

Author(s) Details:

Akpan P. Paul,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Uneke A. Louis,
Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Anea-Bari D. Burabe,
Department of Surveying, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abednego G. T. George,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Letam P. Leelee,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Nwikina B. Bariene,
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Sawo-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V5/article/view/11090

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are repeatedly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural bankruptcies in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the kind of gravels ranging in diameter from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of addition, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, processions and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of postponed floors, retaining obstruction, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Evaluating the Quality of Aggregate from a Doubtful Source for Structural Concrete | Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 For the result of structural actual, sedimentary rock aggregates are commonly used in Nigeria. It is believed expected one of the causes of many structural declines in the nation by way of its changeable quality, strength, and contaminations. In this study, the character of gravels ranging in magnitude from 8 to 16 mm from Oji River pits was examined. The substance of concrete from the gravels was optimized utilizing Scheffe's simplex method of growth, and the resultant analytical model provided an ideal compressive substance of 11.78 N/mm2 and a mix percentage of 1:1.4:2.5 for a water/cement ratio of 0.53. Because of the littleness of this optimum substance and the predictions of the model, it was urged that such aggregate (8 - 16mm from Oji- River) be restricted to oversite concretes, lines and lintels of buildings with load posture walls and a maximum storey of three; and it shouldn't always be used for slabs of pensile floors, retaining divider, bridges, and culverts.

Author(s) Details:

B .O. Adinna,
Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Nigeria.

C. Chijioke,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

P. N. Kalu,
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V7/article/view/10032

Design and Management of Community-Based Ecotourism Model in Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve of Kazakhstan| Chapter 4 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

 This episode checks the community-located ecotourism (CBE) model utilizing a sample from the Aksu-Zhabagly nature reserve (NR). Community-located ecotourism (CBE) and accountable travel should belong a tenable development blueprint. The aim search out propose a acceptable CBE model for Aksu-Zhabgly character-based touristry goals utilizing a combination of field note, test, evaluation, and SWOT reasoning. According to the judgments, the domain's strengths contain smooth approach to transportation, a prime neighborhood, a sort of wild mammals and plants, rich racial and enlightening resources, a usual and friendly way of life in a usual country background, the hospitality of the residents and their certain attitudes toward touristry happening, and meaningful potential for the sustainable growth of ecotourism.  At the same time, the main proneness is the far residential locale from the limited metropolises, low-quality duty, old-fashioned facilities and deficiency of skillful operators, lack of transparency, weak organization arrangement and dishonesty, and lack of favored tactics for CBE development. Finally, the paper implies that financial development, preservation of natural resources, civilization and tradition, marketing and representation, a friendly political atmosphere, and the authorization of local dwellers are the primary necessities for efficiently executing CBE in the Aksu-Zhabagly tourist goal.

Author(s) Details:

Imanaly Akbar,
Department of Recreation Geography and Tourism, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Sholpan Abdreyeva,
Department of Recreation Geography and Tourism, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Alexandr Artemyev,
Department of Recreation Geography and Tourism, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Markhaba Tumazhanova,
Department of Recreation Geography and Tourism, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Gulnar Orynbasarova,
Department of Recreation Geography and Tourism, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V2/article/view/9281

Process Evaluation of Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India| Chapter 10 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

 Smoking is individual of the major causes of mortality general with any of 8 million reported dying each year. Smokers are more prone to zealous and bacterial respiratory contaminations like chronic obstructive pulmonary ailment (COPD) resulting in acute respiring failure and stated to have higher mortality rates in the former outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Smoking was found to have a statistically important relationship accompanying the severity of severe severe respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) effects among sufferers, including ICU admission, smokestack for building use, and higher mortality rates. The larger expression of the angiotensin-changing enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, a novel site of SARS-CoV-2 adhesiveness that causes COVID-19 infection in humans, with smokers further supported this link and established them in the zone of exposure for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Author(s) Details:

Shweta Jain Verma,
Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Puja Gulati,
School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India.

Himani Khatter,
Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Deepti Arora,
Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.s

Aneesh Dhasan,
Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Meenakshi Sharma,
Non-Communicable Diseases Section, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

P. N. Sylaja,
Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Jeyaraj Durai Pandian,
Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V2/article/view/9018

Development of Non-linear Mathematical Models for Mouse Cell’s Conductivity in Pulsed Electric Field | Chapter 07 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 Based on approximation by algebraic and transcendental functions, non-linear mathematical models were built for the empirically observed dependences of the conductivity of mouse reproductive and embryonic cells on the strength of the pulsed electric field applied. To estimate experimental data, the least squares method was employed. Extrema, inflections, crossings, and curvature of approximating functions were all discovered. These distinctive points were determined using typical mathematical analysis methods. This was accomplished using well-known analytical geometry and algebraic methods for solving equations. In order to calculate the coordinates of junction positions and curvature, the 1st and 2nd derivatives of non-linear functions were also computed. A link has been established between the estimated coordinates of distinctive spots and the modes of membrane electroporation during the linear growth of electric field intensity applied to a cell. The intensity of a pulsed electric field may be computed using mathematical models of experimental conductometric curves, which is necessary and sufficient for the implementation of any electroporation-based electro-manipulation technologies.

Author(S) Details

V. A. Shigimaga
Department of Technical Systems and Technologies of Animal Husbandry, P. Vasilenko Kharkov National Technical University of Agriculture, Moscovsky Prospekt, 45, Kharkov, 61000, Ukraine .

R. A. Faizullin
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 34, T. Baramzina st., Izhevsk, 426067, Russia.

A. S. Osokina
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 34, T. Baramzina st., Izhevsk, 426067, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V1/article/view/6528

Improvement of PID Controller Based on Expert System (Neural Network)| Chapter 4 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol.7

 The proportional integral derivative PID controller was improved with the use of a Neural Network and simple hardware implementation, which will improve the control system in our high-turnover industries. The multilayer perception model is the most often used neural network model (MLP). Because it requires a desired output sequence to learn, this sort of neural network is known as a supervised network. However, we present a non-linear control of a stochastic differential equation to Neural Network matching in this paper; the model has been validated, analysed, and compared to other current controllers. The objective is to have control systems in our process industries that can achieve, improve, decrease waste, and are more flexible in terms of conversion level, as well as track set point change and reject load disturbance. This research is a first attempt at designing a simplified neutral network and proportional integral derivative PID control system for a class of non-linear processes, as well as characterising their operational features. Finally, by remodelling the proportional integral derivative PID controller with Neural Network Technique and connecting the plant process control, we were able to achieve a good result where all of the traditional proportional integral derivative PID controller's features were retained and improved using MAT-LAB. The result was great since the process industries' waste and loss were dramatically reduced to a bare minimum.

Author(s) Details:

C. E. Uchegbu,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Abia State University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.

I. I. Eneh,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

M. J. Ekwuribe,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Abia State University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.

C. O. Ugwu,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V7/article/view/5901

A Case Study of Time Series Analysis to Forecast the Number of Patients with Tuberculosis in Khartoum State from 2007 to 2016 | Chapter 12 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 5

 The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Khartoum state was predicted using time series analysis. It is based on data collected from tuberculosis patients between 2007 and 2016. The investigation was successful in determining the optimal data model of order (2) ARIMA (2, 1, 0). The study's most noteworthy finding is a quartile-based projection of the number of people with tuberculosis in the next four years. As a result, the predicted value was found to drop and represented the source time series data. The study's ineffectiveness derives from the utilisation of TB data and, as a result, the estimation of future patient numbers, which benefits both patients and specialists.

Author(S) Details

Abu Elgasim Abbas Abow Mohammed
College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and College of Economic and Political Science Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V5/article/view/5624

The Effects of Illegal Small-scale Gold Mining in Ghana: A Threat to Food Security | Chapter 07 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 3

 Ghana has an abundance of mineral and agricultural resources. Gold, bauxite, diamonds, and manganese are among the commercially mined minerals. Others, such as kaolin, salt, limestone, mica, and feldspar, to name a few, are either underutilised or completely unutilized. The major agro-ecological zones also happen to correspond with the largest mineral resource reserves. Illegal small-scale gold mining (galamsey) destroys fertile land in agro-ecological zones, lowering agricultural output and jeopardising food security in Ghana. Using secondary data such as Ghana's agricultural productivity records, consumer price indices for food commodities, and national food import statistics, this article examines the impact of illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana through the lens of a conceptual model that links galamsey and agricultural productivity, in terms of the realistic threat to food security. The data demonstrate that over the last few years, key galamsey regions (Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern, Central, and Western) have seen progressively worse food productivity and, as a result, higher Consumer Price Indices than the national averages (from 2012). Agriculture's contribution to GDP fell in lockstep with mining's throughout the same time period. Galamsey by surface mining is largely responsible for low food production, food price spikes, and high cost of living, especially in galamsey-prone regions of Ghana, by degrading arable lands, contaminating water bodies, polluting the air, shifting labour from food crop farming to mining, and displacing farmers. However, if reclamation is done well, surface mining can be a short-term land use that can be followed by profitable cropland. Land reclamation from degraded open cast mines will increase agricultural productivity and eliminate yield gaps in crops, allowing the government to achieve food import substitution for major food staples such as rice and wheat. As a result, national food import dependence, food import bills, food price rises, and the cost of living will be reduced. As a result, reclamation of degraded galamsey-mines is critical to achieving all three dimensions of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (social, economic, and environmental), particularly goal two of the Post-2015 Agenda (end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture). As a result, the author proposes mandatory reclamation of degraded surface mines for arable use as a long-term solution to Ghana's food insecurity problem. Food insecurity is a real and present danger!

Author(S) Details

Danyo Gilbert
Coconut Research Programme, Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V3/article/view/5513

Teacher Motivation for Quality Output | Chapter 07 | Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 2

 In human management, motivation is critical. Motivation has been found to improve teachers' production, according to empirical research. The amount of effort put in to achieve school objectives is determined by teachers' feelings, behaviour, associated value (worth), and the surroundings. Teachers that are happy with their jobs are more productive and can have an impact on their pupils' grades. The concept of motivation is explained in this chapter, as well as models of motivation for teachers' production. It also has as a purpose to explore how instructors might be encouraged to perform better in their teaching jobs by elaborating on the element of teacher motivation and output. It was shown that boosting teachers' morale, promoting them, providing a decent work environment, and having pleasant interpersonal interactions all had a favourable impact on their performance.

Author(S) Details 

Patrick Kongnyuy
Department of Educational Leadership, Faculty of Education, The University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRLLE-V2/article/view/5287

Determination of Climatic Impact of Temperature in Presence of Avian Respiratory Infections in Villa Clara Province, Cuba | Chapter 5 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

 The goal of the study was to see how temperature affected avian respiratory diseases in the region of Villa Clara, Cuba. During the period 2005-2007, retrospective data were used to acquire epizootiological statistical information on susceptible and deceased chickens about avian respiratory diseases in specialist poultry farms in Villa Clara province. These figures were compared to the average temperature stockings for this time period in this county. The entire number of deaths was linked to the total number of susceptible people, who were linked to the provincial temperature stockings. The model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) of Box-Jenkins Methodology was used for data processing utilising the statistical tool SPSS Version 13. Multivariate regression techniques were also used to model the total number of poultry deaths. According to the final ARIMA model, a one-degree increase in temperature resulted in an increase of 53.37 fatalities. A 95 percent probability value was also employed. In the study area of Villa Clara province, Cuba, this investigation permits confirming and quantifying the impact of mean temperature on susceptible and poultry fatalities. It was discovered that for every 1oC increase in monthly half temperature, there will be an increase of 8 894 susceptible cases, and for every 1000 susceptible cases, there will be an increase of 6 birds, implying that the susceptible cases will be roughly equal to the total number of deaths.

Author (S) Details

Rigoberto Fimia Duarte
Faculty of Health Technology and Nursing, University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, Cuba.

Ricardo Osés Rodríguez
Villa Clara Provincial Meteorological Center, Cuba.

David del Valle Laveaga
Academic Area of Health, Maya World University, México.

María Patricia Zambrano Gavilanes
Veterinary Medicine of Career, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, Technical University of Manabi, Manabi, Ecuador.

Pedro Yoelvys de la Fé Rodríguez
Veterinary Medicine of Career, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic. Central University 'Marta Abreu' of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba.

Yanira Zaita Ferrer
Faculty of Health Technology and Nursing, University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, Cuba.

Fran M. Wilford González
Veterinary Medicine of Career, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic. Central University 'Marta Abreu' of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba.

Ismabel Domínguez Hurtado
Villa Clara Provincial Meteorological Center, Cuba.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V16/article/view/3778