Increasing Agricultural Productivity by Building Capacity among Peasants in Mbozi District, Tanzania | Chapter 9 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 1

Capacity building in the agriculture sector is crucial for Tanzania because the sector has been playing an important role as a key driver for the economic growth of the nation since its independence. Different strategies for capacity building have been adopted by the country to raise agricultural productivity. Numerous studies have looked into capacity-building tactics and how they affect agricultural output. However, little is known about how capacity building might increase agricultural output in developing nations. This study provided an opportunity to examine capacity building and how it affects Tanzanian agricultural productivity. It specifically examined the association between capacity building and agricultural productivity in Mbozi District, identified the strategies for capacity building for agricultural productivity in Mbozi District and underlined the mechanisms through which capacity building translates into productivity gains in Tanzania, a case of Mbozi District. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study's data collection and analysis. The primary data was collected by administering questionnaires to 300 (200 males and 100 females) peasants in November 2020. Interviews, observations, and an examination of documents were used to gather data.

 

The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20, was used to examine descriptive and inferential statistics gathered from 300 peasants. Qualitative data was analysed using a content analysis approach, which aided in quantitative data measurement and reasoning. With the employment of contemporary farming, harvesting, and storage techniques, capacity building affects agricultural productivity, according to a p-value of 0.000. The study revealed that inadequate or absent capacity-building strategies contribute to low productivity, while well-implemented strategies—including training in modern farming, harvesting, and storage techniques—lead to substantial improvements. The study also revealed that knowledge of agricultural production among peasants was low, and that is why productivity remains low despite enough fertile soil in the district. The observations also showed that strategies like training and farm field schools were insufficient in the region due to the large number of peasants. This was mostly remarked in the rural areas in the sense that many strategies were more centred in the urban areas compared to rural areas, with a large number of peasants and endowed with much potential for production. Stakeholders advocate the use of the best seeds, skills on edaphic factors, equipment, farm field schools, and research and workshops as strategies in capacity building. In addition, the involvement of academia, researchers, and political leaders increased agricultural productivity. These results imply that raising productivity requires a combination of different individuals, private and public institutions. Therefore, capacity building is inevitable among peasants in order to raise productivity. It is recommended that impact assessment be incorporated because it helps in reviewing and amending land and agricultural policies. Online training is recommended as an alternative to the shortage of trainers to build capacity among more peasants.

 

Author (s) Details

David Msokwe
Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA), Tanzania.

 

Florence Sitima
Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA), Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v1/5224

Climatic Trends and its Impacts on Agricultural Production in Chhattisgarh, India | Book Publisher International

 

India is a vast nation whose economy relies heavily on agriculture. There have been fluctuations in food production as a consequence of the dependence of Indian agriculture on the monsoon and the likelihood that climate change will amplify the variability of monsoon dynamics. Any changes in the southwest monsoon rainfall in India as a consequence of regional climate change are anticipated to cause severe droughts and intense flooding in many parts of the nation. Clearly, changes in precipitation and their effects on agriculture are a significant issue that must be addressed immediately. Regional and local studies of climatic variability are extremely essential for agricultural planning and water resource development. therefore, keeping in mind the above observations we conducted the study.

The present study has been conducted in different agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh, Primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the study, for the primary level study, a sample of 360 farm households from villages was selected from a Multistage stratified random sampling technique to represent the state as a whole. The conditions of climatic variables in Bastar, Dantewada, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur, Kabirdham and Surguja are estimated. The time series data was used for district-level data. while the number of cross-section data is used in the state-level data set. The Department of Agro-meteorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), and Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of India, provided the secondary data. For climate change analysis, more than 90% of the gross cultivated area was assumed to be agriculture. The association between climatic variation and yield fluctuations was examined using main crop yield and diverse climatic data sets. The composite vulnerability index is calculated by adding the vulnerability indicator values. District and activity-wise climate change adaptation plans were created using the CCAP Tool. The tool took a holistic approach to livelihood strategy vulnerability to climate change, focusing on district livelihood activities. Various analytical tools were used to get outcomes for the study, panel data analysis, tabular analysis, regression analysis, vulnerability index, tools of CCAP and garret ranking technique were used to fulfil objectives.

The findings reveal that the state experiences the highest volume of precipitation during the southwest monsoon season, with approximately 87% of the rainfall occurring between June and September. Specifically, the state receives 15% of the rainfall in June, and 29%, 26%, and 16% of the rainfall in July, August, and September, respectively.

The present research investigates the mean maximum temperature, coefficient of variation and standard deviation across different districts for a duration of four decades (1980-2019). Over a span of 40 years, the Chhattisgarh state has exhibited a mean maximum temperature of 32.27°C, accompanied by a coefficient of variation of 1.250 percent and a standard deviation of roughly 0.400°C. The annual mean maximum temperature increments in the districts of Rajnandgaon and Korba were found to be the highest, measuring 32.99°C and 32.88°C, respectively. The present investigation analyses the pattern of the minimum average temperature at the district level over the period spanning from 1980 to 2019. Koriya demonstrated the most substantial annual escalation of +0.0118°C, while Balrampur, Surajpur, Rajandgaon, Mungeli, Korba, Kabirdham, and Bilaspur displayed similar trends.

An increase of 1°C in maximum temperature results in a yield increase of 50 kilogrammes for major crops. Effective stress management is essential for the successful cultivation of any crop. During the month of August, the paddy fields undergo the process of flowering and booting. In the event of rainfall, the Table indicates a yield that is negative in value, albeit not statistically significant. The increase of maximum temperature by 1°C in the months of March and December has been observed to have an impact on the yield of rabi crops such as redgram. Specifically, the yield of redgram in March and December has been recorded to be 88 and 152 kilogrammes, respectively. The study indicates that precipitation of 1 millimetre during the months of July and September has a positive impact on the yield of major crops, resulting in an increase of 2 and 3 kilogrammes, respectively. An increase of 1°C in maximum temperature during the period of May to November has been found to enhance crop yield by 189 kilogrammes. It is probable that there is a lack of autocorrelation in a positive manner.

This study aims to provide an analysis of the land use classification in Chhattisgarh in terms of percentage distribution. Chhattisgarh exhibited a cropping intensity of 116 percent in the year 2000-01, indicating a marginal increase of 0.31 percent. In the year 2021, the state of Chhattisgarh experienced a crop yield increase of 123 percent. Between 2000 and 2021, there was a 0.031 percent increase in forest coverage, resulting in current coverage of 46%. The net sown area in Chhattisgarh has experienced an annual decrease of 0.07 percent. The Gross Cropped Area of Chhattisgarh experienced a moderate increase. The percentage of change in land use classification from 2000 to 2021. The net-sown area has experienced a 4% reduction. The agricultural sector experienced a significant increase of 10% in farming intensity. The percentage of non-agricultural and cultivable wasteland increased by 8 and 5 percent, respectively. The forest cover experienced a 2% increase, while the gross crop exhibited a 5% rise. From 2019 to 2021, the average acreage and production of paddy crops constituted 74% and 84% of the main crops, respectively. Paddy has achieved the highest levels of both area and production. Maize, gram, wheat, and Lathyrus exhibit yields of 4%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. After paddy, Gram, Lathyrus maize, and urad are the crops that occupy the largest land area in Chhattisgarh, accounting for 6%, 4%, 2%, 2%, and 1%, respectively.

Rainfall in June–September increases paddy productivity. Monsoon rainfall from June to September decreased maize productivity (-3.19***). Minimum winter temperature decreases maize productivity. The annual minimum temperature has the greatest impact, increasing productivity by 28.98% per degree.

Groundnuts require a long growing season, thus extreme cold and frost damage them. With a 1 percent increase in minimum temperature in March and May, productivity declines by 7.35 percent and 7.63 percent, respectively. The annual maximum temperature has the greatest impact on maize yield: a one-degree increase decreases productivity by 24.66 percent. Rainfall largely affects crop yield. Gram crop is cultivated during the rabi season, thus when rainfall is greater in the kharif season, area and production increase. Every monsoon season rainfall decreases yield by 3.88 percent. Only four variables significantly affect district sugarcane crop productivity. In August, every percent of rainfall increases productivity by 3.48 percent. With every one percent increase in maximum temperature in winter, agricultural yield decreases by 41.35 percent, while maximum temperature in May increases crop productivity. Maximum summer and winter temperatures have largely affected mustard crops, decreasing yield by 9.28 and 11.36 percent per degree Celsius. Only the annual maximum temperature increased yield by 18.13 percent.

 

The policy implications that emerged from this study are; that in this rapid climate-changing scenario, hills need special attention by the state government. Marginal and small farmers in plains, also require the attention and help of the government to make their livelihood more efficient to cope with climate change. The state government required to plan more infrastructural development in all the regions. Work on developing the methods of forecasting the possible climatic events, and developing new heat-resistant varieties, that can cope with the ill effects of climate change, had to be done by the R & D Departments of Government of Uttarakhand, Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutions and related institutes. Chhattisgarh government and their institutions shall prepare mitigation measures the reduce the causes of climate change issues.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Devendra Kumar Kurrey
Rani Awanti Bai Lodhi College of Agriculture and Research Station, Chhuikhadan, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, India.

 

Hulas Pathak
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India.

 

Vijay Kumar Choudhary
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973656-3-8

Determinants of Rural-Women Farmers Decisions on Artisanal Refinery Activities and Agricultural Productivity in Emohua Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria | Chapter 7 | An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 3

 This study depended on determinants of Rural-Women-growers decisions on artisanal refineries endeavors and Agricultural Productivity in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of eighty respondents were selected from four societies in the study area utilizing a purposive savoring technique. Data were calm using a well-organized questionnaire. Descriptive enumerations and bivariate probit regression model were used in the amount. The results revealed that most (100%) of the respondents were female while their mean age was 36years. Majorities (45.0%) of the accused are widows and their average income was (#421,250.00k). The demand-attract diversification alternative was sales of oil products (27.1%) which were the big findings concerning this study. This diversification alternative resulted to carelessness of farming ventures by the country women in the study area. It was only (25.4%) the one attested that sensitization program to curb artisanal purifier activities was the big intervention program completed activity by the state management, while only (33.0%) accentuated that inadvertent and sudden death was their major restraint. The result from the bivariate probit reversion model showed that age (0.027209), production experience (0.043173) and household amount (0.044784) were statistically significant and helpful to influence their decisions while earnings (2.24E-07), schooling (-0.022025) and number of farmlands destroyed by lubricate spills (-0.113430) were negative. Therefore, government bear encourage system which controls organization of modular refineries to sustain the environment of unending pollution and curb rurallivlihood drift.

Author(s) Details:

Unaeze, Henry Chiaka,
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agri-Business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Godstime, Emenike, Chimdioso,
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agri-Business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AOBMER-V3/article/view/12004

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Rock Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties under Selected Green Grams Varieties | Chapter 4 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

This study set out to ascertain the impact of Rhizobium and rock phosphate fertiliser application on the chemical characteristics of soil in green gramme types. The investigation was conducted over two seasons at the horticulture research farm of Chuka University (November 2019 - January 2020 and February - April 2020). A randomised full block design was used to set up a two by two by two factorial experiment (RCBD). Three variables were used to create a total of eight treatments that were duplicated three times: Rhizobium inoculation (0 and 100 g ha-1), rock phosphate (0 and 30 kg P ha-1), and variety (N26 and KS20). Soil pH, fixed-N, total nitrogen (TN), exchangeable cations (EC), accessible phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), and exchangeable potassium (K) were sampled and examined before and after green-grams were planted and harvested. The 15th edition of GENSTAT was used to analyse the data (P (leq) 0.05). The combined application of rock phosphate at 30 kg P ha-1 and Rhizobium inoculation at 100 kg ha-1 resulted in a significantly (P(leq)0.05) larger improvement in soil chemical characteristics than other treatments, according to results from both seasons. Although the soil pH (7.54), TN (0.58%), TOC (3.45%), P (68.20 ppm), EC (0.95 CmolKg-1), fixed-N (0.50%), and K values were considerably higher for treatment R1P1KS20 (1.75 CmolKg-1). The treatment R0P0N26, on the other hand, produced significantly (P(leq)0.05) lower results in the soil's pH (5.23), TN (0.04%), TOC (1.86%), P (8.76 ppm), EC (0.21 CmolKg-1), and K. (0.58 CmolKg-1). Rhizobium inoculation in green-grams with rock phosphate is therefore a crucial method for enhancing legume nitrogen fixation. With the use of this technology, farmers may replace the nitrogen and phosphorus in their crops in a way that is both efficient and improves soil fertility management. Based on the results, Rhizobium 100g ha-1 and rock phosphate 30 kg P ha-1, as well as the variety KS20, should be included in a sustainable soil fertility management strategy in Tharaka Nithi County.

Author(s) Details:

F. K. Mbaka,
Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Kenya.

H. O. Ndukhu,
Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Kenya.

G. O. Oloo-Abucheli,
Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Kenya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7253

The Effects of Illegal Small-scale Gold Mining in Ghana: A Threat to Food Security | Chapter 07 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 3

 Ghana has an abundance of mineral and agricultural resources. Gold, bauxite, diamonds, and manganese are among the commercially mined minerals. Others, such as kaolin, salt, limestone, mica, and feldspar, to name a few, are either underutilised or completely unutilized. The major agro-ecological zones also happen to correspond with the largest mineral resource reserves. Illegal small-scale gold mining (galamsey) destroys fertile land in agro-ecological zones, lowering agricultural output and jeopardising food security in Ghana. Using secondary data such as Ghana's agricultural productivity records, consumer price indices for food commodities, and national food import statistics, this article examines the impact of illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana through the lens of a conceptual model that links galamsey and agricultural productivity, in terms of the realistic threat to food security. The data demonstrate that over the last few years, key galamsey regions (Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Eastern, Central, and Western) have seen progressively worse food productivity and, as a result, higher Consumer Price Indices than the national averages (from 2012). Agriculture's contribution to GDP fell in lockstep with mining's throughout the same time period. Galamsey by surface mining is largely responsible for low food production, food price spikes, and high cost of living, especially in galamsey-prone regions of Ghana, by degrading arable lands, contaminating water bodies, polluting the air, shifting labour from food crop farming to mining, and displacing farmers. However, if reclamation is done well, surface mining can be a short-term land use that can be followed by profitable cropland. Land reclamation from degraded open cast mines will increase agricultural productivity and eliminate yield gaps in crops, allowing the government to achieve food import substitution for major food staples such as rice and wheat. As a result, national food import dependence, food import bills, food price rises, and the cost of living will be reduced. As a result, reclamation of degraded galamsey-mines is critical to achieving all three dimensions of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (social, economic, and environmental), particularly goal two of the Post-2015 Agenda (end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture). As a result, the author proposes mandatory reclamation of degraded surface mines for arable use as a long-term solution to Ghana's food insecurity problem. Food insecurity is a real and present danger!

Author(S) Details

Danyo Gilbert
Coconut Research Programme, Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V3/article/view/5513

A Case Study of Cowpea IPM in Northern Ghana: Development and Transfer of Innovation by Agricultural Development Agencies | Chapter 11 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 12

 This report is based on data collected over the course of a year in Northern Ghana. The research focused on two communities in two Northern Ghana districts, as well as three Agricultural Development Agencies (ADAs): the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), and World Vision Ghana (WVG). Data was gathered through formal questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and observations. A total of 120 individual interviews were performed for the formal survey led by the questionnaire. The three ADAs – SARI, WVG, and MOFA – each received thirty unique surveys. The documentation of the three ADAs' operations was gathered once more. Five Focal Group Discussion Workshops were attended by 275 community people, including male and female farmers, elders, and traders. The impact of ADAs on agricultural innovation development, diffusion, and adoption, as well as the impact on men and women in enhancing agricultural production, is the subject of this research. It also looks at how agricultural policies affect the development, diffusion, and transfer of innovations. The findings demonstrate that targeting and involving farmers at an early stage in innovation development and transfer is critical for any agricultural development programme or adoption. Inequities in extension service delivery appeared to have a negative impact on making relevant innovations available, especially to women farmers. As a result, monitoring and evaluation aid in the development and diffusion of innovative ideas, as well as the direction of agricultural policy. Successful innovation development, transfer, and high adoption rates are the consequence of strong collaborative effort, solid research planning, monitoring and evaluation, and information sharing.

Author (S) Details

Esther Wahaga
CSIR Food Research Institute, P. O. Box 38, Accra, Ghana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V12/article/view/2372