Lead Levels in Blood: Insights from Autopsy Cases of Urban India| Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 7

 

Lead is a widely used heavy metal known for its toxic effects on the human body, with prolonged exposure leading to a condition known as plumbism. The generally accepted reference range for blood lead levels in humans is up to 25 µg/dL. This cross-sectional autopsy-based study aims to estimate blood lead levels in the population of South Delhi. A total of 250 blood samples were collected from autopsy cases at a tertiary care centre. From each case, 5 mL of blood was drawn, digested, and analysed using a Trace Metal Analyser (TMA) for accurate quantification of lead content. The study population included 173 males and 77 females. The mean blood lead level among males was found to be significantly higher at 16 µg/dL, compared to 0.41 µg/dL in females. Further age-wise analysis revealed that individuals in the 41–60 years age group had the highest mean blood lead concentration, measured at 20.73 µg/dL. These findings highlight a concerning level of lead exposure in specific demographic groups, particularly adult males and middle-aged individuals, underscoring the need for environmental and occupational health interventions in the region.

 

Author(s) Details

Rajesh Kumar
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.

 

Ajay Kumar Patel
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/5820

Detecting Presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in Donated Blood at Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Eldoret, Kenya | Chapter 3 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 

 

Background and Aim: C. trachomatis is globally a major cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including Chlamydia. It causes various contaminations in donated blood. This study aims to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in donated blood at the Regional Blood Transfusion center, Eldoret, Kenya.

Methodology: A random selection of blood samples was done for this study for a period of one month from July 24th 2017 to August 24th 2017. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was also determined with the help of the demographic questionnaire that is mandatory to be filled by the donor before any blood donation. Blood bags were numbered 1-87 and picked amongst unnumbered blood bags by each donor in order of donation. The samples obtained were subjected to centrifugation and serum used in the immunoassay test by using the Chlamydia trachomatis IgG/IgM Elisa test kit.

Results: In this study, a greater percentage of the samples were from the donors between 20-29 years of age (60.9%), while the least was below 20 years old group. This study showed that C. trachomatis was present in 8% (7 samples) of the blood samples analyzed and 92% were found to be negative. The age group between 20 to 29 years old had the greatest percentage of those with C. trachomatis.

Conclusion: With 8% of the samples testing positive for Chlamydia trachomatis this indicated that some of the blood donated to the Regional Transfusion Center is contaminated.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

P. Chemutai
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, P.O.Box – 2500, Eldoret – 30100, Kenya.

 

F. Ramesh
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, P.O.Box – 2500, Eldoret – 30100, Kenya.

 

Frank K. Onyango
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, P.O.Box – 2500, Eldoret – 30100, Kenya.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v8/223

Study about Rheological Behavior of Human Blood: Interrelationship between Two Models| Chapter 1 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 Existing models of viscosity including models Carreau-Gambaruto and Quemada, are approximate because it is difficult to introduce all the factors affecting the viscosity. The viscoelasticity of blood and the newly established viscoelasticity of plasma should bring more light to blood rheology. Medical, fluid mechanics and rheology experts are still quite interested in the flow of blood. There are many models that exist that show the apparent viscosity as a function of shear stress; we will focus on the Quemada and Carreau-Gambaruto models for our discussion. The comparison between models and viscosity measurements showed discordance for shear rates below a few tenths of s.-1. The existence of an inflection point on the experimental curve is probably related to a system relaxation due to the rupture of the red blood cell structure named rouleaux.

Author(s) Details:

Zineb Mimouni,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Applied Physics Department, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V9/article/view/14309

Adverse Effects of Water Contamination by Anthropogenic Activities on the Haematology of Cyprinus carpio: A Study from East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India | Chapter 8 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 1

 The present study aims at evaluating the extent of adverse effects of water contamination by anthropogenic and natural activities in two government sponsored ponds, Fish Dale and Laitkyrhong on the fish Cyprinus carpio. The adverse effects of the water quality were evaluated in terms of their impacts on haematological, ultra-structural aspects and bioaccumulation of metals in the fish. Total RBC and WBC count and haemoglobin content were carried out following standard procedure using improved Neubauer haemocytometer and Sahli’s haemoglobinometer respectively. Micronucleus assay was done following standard protocols and observations were made using Olympus, BX- 53 image analyser, CellSens Standard (software). Genotoxicity study (Micronucleus Assay) was carried out following standard procedure. For Scanning Electron Microscopic studies standard procedure was followed and observations were made on JSM-6360 (Jeol) scanning electron microscope. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis was by INCA-7582 (Oxford) microanalyser. The statistical analysis was performed with the help of Exel sheet software. The presence of silicon in erythrocytes of fishes inhabiting Fish Dale and Laitkyrhong area suggests that silicon may be the main factor for the various deformities like spherocytes, crenated erythrocytes and ruptured cells in the haematological parameters of Cyprinus carpio, besides other deformities. The deformities observed may affect the growth and survival of these fishes. Therefore, there is a constant need to check the flow of polluted waters in the rearing ponds especially during the rainy seasons. The present study suggests that haematological study may serve as a tool in determining the health of the fish and the type of environment in which it lives.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Eva Mary Pala,
Department of Zoology, Shillong College, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya, India.

Dr. Shanwell Khongwir,
Department of Zoology, Shillong College, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya, India.

Dr. Lucy Mary Jyrwa,
Department of Zoology, Shillong College, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya, India.

Proforma Suchiang,
Department of Zoology, Kiang Nangbah Government College, Jowai-793150, Meghalaya, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V1/article/view/14017

Non-Invasive Forensic Identification Methods of Neonates from Umbilical Cord and Cord Blood Sample | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 The most chosen forensic specimen group technique for DNA Profiling injustice delivery system is ancestry sample either in liquid form or in stain forms. But blood accumulations relating to newborn babies are continually very difficult and hard invasive method. To prevent that issue, we have favorably isolated genomic DNA from a new innate in a non-invasive way, by accumulating the dried principal cord and the cord ancestry sample. It has given comparable yield as of liquid or stained blood samples. Autosomal STR classifying of isolated DNA from the rope blood and dried main cord provided satisfactory results in drawing final opinion.

Author(s) Details:

Soma Roy,
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Street No. 326, DJ Block, Action Area I, New Town, West Bengal 700160, India.

Ishani Mitra,
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Street No. 326, DJ Block, Action Area I, New Town, West Bengal 700160, India.

Dinesh D.,
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Street No. 326, DJ Block, Action Area I, New Town, West Bengal 700160, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12490

A Study on the Muscle Immobility of Depression: the Weightlessness within | Chapter 11 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The aim concerning this study was to decide the function of bioelements in human depression. In the randomized, anticipated, observational trial, 311 adult colleagues (188 women and 123 men) had assessments for fur sodium and potassium; 192 were controls (83 men and 109 women), and 119 had meaningful unipolar depression (40 fellows and 79 women). Depression was diagnosed for one DSM-IV criteria, and wig sodium and potassium were analyzed by the inductively connected plasma nuclear emission spectroscopy (ICP AES). In the subgroup of 19 controls and 24 disadvantaged subjects who tried suicide (the serious form of major depression), antidiuretic birth control method (ADH) was assessed by utilizing the standard laboratory ADH diagnostic provisions. Significant gender distinctnesses were observed, since brothers have more hair Na and K than daughters (Na p < .01; K p < .02; Chi square test). The depressed cases also have increased levels of sideburn Na and K, what indicate the negative balance of these electrolytes, because hair growth is unidirectional (p < .01 for two together K and Na, Chi square test); ADH values were dropped off in the suicidal subgroup (p < .01, Chi square test). These findings on negative Na and K balance and lowered ADH in depression are related to those seen in astronauts during brief Apollo scope missions. The issue stands as to whether the stated Earthly metabolic changes of body powers in depressed cases are a direct result of muscle inactivity, or if cavity fatigue is mediated apiece failure of some hypothetic, gravity helpless muscle mobility mind control "dynamostat" that operates as well the fluid regulation center that manifests allure presence when being light in Space.

Author(s) Details:

S. Morovic,
Aviva Polyclinic, Trpinjska ul. 7, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.

S. Drmic,
Department Psychiat, Univ Hosp Zagreb, Croatia and Department Hlth Studies, University Split, Croatia.

J. Morovic,
Center GW d.o.o. and Gestalty d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia.

S. Brundic,
Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Res Syst (IRES), Zagreb, Croatia.

B. Momcilovic,
Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Res Syst (IRES), Zagreb, Croatia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11807

Development and Validation of a LC-MS/MS Method to Measure Phenytoin in Human Brain Dialysate, Blood, and Saliva and the Analytical Comparison with a GC-MS Method and a Recently Published LC-MS/MS Method | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Introduction and aim: Therapeutic drug listening (TDM) is crucial for fault-finding dose drugs like antiepileptics for efficacious and dependable therapeutic administration of patients. Phenytoin (PHT) is a troublesome to dose drug and an excellent instance to show the development and the mechanics progress realized for TDM in the last ten of something. The frequently prescribed PHT has a narrow healing range with non-uninterrupted pharmacokinetics, a high interplay potential with other drugs, shows ancestral polymorphisms in metabolism, and skilled is a correlation of body tissue concentration with healing/toxic answer. Together with the often-long-term remedy, PHT fulfills the necessities for a rational TDM. Bioanalytical confirmation data from a state-of-the-art GC-MS and a well sensitive picked LC-MS/MS methods for PHT were distinguished in this investigation and resolved with a currently published LC- pedal-driven recreational vehicle MS method for PHT-TDM.Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, accomplishment, sample preparation, balance, and cost of the TDM analytics were distinguished with reference to the FDA Guidance for Industry on bioanalytical methods. Both procedures are suitable for distinguishing scientific pharmacological inspections, for clinical TDM needs, and in forensic uses. Validation data of two together methods were resolved and statistically compared. Data evidence was demonstrated by a brochure review.Results: The GC-MS and the LC-tandem MS assay admit to specifically discover (LOD < 15 ng/mL and < 1 ng/mL for GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively) and quantify (LOQ < 50 ng/mL and < 10 ng/mL for GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, individually) very low PHT concentrations indifferent body fluids like ancestry, saliva, and brain microdialysis samples. Only limited sample volumes (25-50 L) were wanted for the analyses. The procedures are compliant with the FDA counseling for bioanalytical testing. The LC-MS/MS was nearly two to five times more delicate (LOD, LOQ). It offers other significant benefits over the GC-MS assay like reduced sample book, less laborious sample processing, best linearity range for various PHT concentrations, shorter reasoning time with larger sample run capacity, and main cost savings.Discussion and Conclusions: The bestowed method evaluation create LC-MS/MS a gold standard for big specific and correct measurements in pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic studies as well as for bedside and dispassionate routine analyses (PHT-TDM). Where wanted or useful, for example, in forensic or scientific surveys, and in compliance accompanying the FDA guidance for bioanalytical patterns, other than plasma samples maybe analyzed like unmodified blood, urine, slaver, CSF, tissue biopsies or dried ancestry spots. For PHT-TDM with LC-MS/MS, PHT-D10 is an optimum internal standard. LC-MS/MS admit a less laborious sample processing distinguished to GC-MS. MS-MS detection authorizes high particularity, can detect metabolites, has no interference accompanying chemical derivative responses upon use of an external standard (GC) or accompanying non-specific immune backlashes (EMIT). To assess the free (undone) PHT fraction, the Sheiner-Tozer invention in hypoalbuminemic patients was useful and compared with the calculated free PHT values. Very recent LC-MS/MS form publications are in-line accompanying and confirm the results concerning this in-depth GC-MS and LC-MS/MS evaluation.

Author(s) Details:

Raphael Hösli,
Spitalzentrum Biel, Spitalpharmazie, Vogelsang 84, CH- 2501 Biel, Switzerland.

Andrea Tobler,
Rücken- & Schmerz-Praxis, Worbstrasse 206, CH-3073 Gümligen, Switzerland.

Stefan Mühlebach,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Division Clinical Pharmacy & Epidemiology • Hospital Pharmacy, P.O. Box, Spitalstrasse 26, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9833

Study about Distribution of Blood Groups and Haemoglobin Percentage among the Students of Government Science College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The study's goal was to assess the prevalence and distribution of ABO and Rh blood type patterns, as well as haemoglobin percentage, among Government Science College students in Chitradurga, Karnataka, based on age and sex, and compare this to data from other research. Blood is a haemoglobin-containing fluid that flows throughout the body, transporting oxygen and nutrients from the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. It returns carbon dioxide to the lungs and other metabolic products to the kidneys. It regulates body temperature and distributes hormones and other substances necessary for maintaining homeostasis. The determination of blood groups and knowledge of distribution are critical for good inventory management in blood banks, which is critical for human health. There are currently 25 different blood groups that can be determined. Incompatibility between the mother and her embryo might cause problems. Blood types are linked to some physiological issues. A low haemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood (less than 130 g/L) is characterised as anaemia. The researchers looked at the distribution of blood types and haemoglobin percentage levels among 18 to 21-year-old college students. The blood group order in the selected age range was O>A>B>AB, with a high Rh+ factor and an average haemoglobin percentage of 13.4g/dl in males and 11.68g/dl in females.

Author(S) Details

S. G. Dhananjaya
Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Chitradurga, 577501, India.

Shashikanth H. Majagi
Department of Zoology, Vijaynagar Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, 583105, Karnataka, India.

D. S. Somashekar
Department of Zoology, IDSG Government First Grade College, Chikkmagalur, 577102, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4604

New Discovery of the Effect of Acupoints on the Human Body | Chapter 7 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

Modern medicine tells us that the human body is made up of organs like the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, brain, nerves, muscles, bones, blood vessels, and blood, but Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that the human body has another structure called Jing Luo and Shu Xue that exists alongside these tissues and organs. Jing Luo translates to Meridians and Collaterals, which refers to the longitudinal line of the human body and the net that surrounds it. Because acupuncture stimulates Shu Xue's position, Shu Xue signifies holes dispersed on Jing Luo and outside Jing Luo. Shu Xue is translated into an English acupuncture point, abbreviated as acupoint or point, since massage and other methods can treat ailments. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, meridians and acupoints are particular understanding of the human body structure. For thousands of years, Traditional Chinese Medicine has not only drawn the distribution map of the meridians and acupoints in the human body, but has also used them to treat ailments. There are hundreds of these acupoints, and stimulating each one with acupuncture, massage, or other treatments has a unique effect on the human body, and can be used to cure a variety of ailments. But, in order to treat various ailments, what effect does stimulating each acupoint have on the human body? Traditional Chinese Medicine is a hazy and unintelligible topic that cannot be proven by experiments.

This document presents a clear and accurate exposition of the effects on the human body and ailments that can be treated with acupoint massage, based on the author's more than 30-year research. These assertions can be verified through experiments, hence they are seen to be trustworthy. After the contents of this paper are proven by others through experiments, it is hoped that meridians, acupoints, and massage therapy can be included into contemporary medicine and become a component of modern medicine in the future.

Not only does massaging acupoints treat many disorders that are difficult to treat with drugs, but it also has simple methods and is inexpensive.

Author (S) Details

Li Xiaoguang
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Province, China.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V6/article/view/2765

Determining the Physiological and Reproductive Responses of Domyati Ducks to Different Dietary Levels of Coconut Oil as a Source of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Laying Period | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 11

 The goal of this study was to determine the optimal level of coconut oil (CO) supplementation in the diet to improve Domyati duck performance. A total of 300 Domyati ducks (240 females and 60 males) aged 25 weeks were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of three replicates, with each replicate containing 5 males and 20 females. During the experiment, the groups were given CO concentrations of 0 percent, 1.0 percent, 1.5 percent, and 2.0 percent. The results showed that egg weight, egg number, and egg mass increased significantly in the treated groups when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the fertility and hatchability percentages in the 1.0 and 1.5 percent CO groups were higher than in the other experimental groups. The level of low-density lipoprotein in ducks given CO was significantly lower than in the control group. It is concluded that including CO at a concentration of 1.5 percent could be sufficient and beneficial for improving the reproductive and physiological performance of Domyati ducks.

Author (s) Details

Prof. Dr. K. H. El-Kholy
Poultry Production Department, Fac. Agric., Damietta Univ., Damietta, 34518, Egypt.

Prof. Dr. A. I. A. Ghonim
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.

M. A. Ahmed
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.

Dr. Hoda A. Gad
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.

Assist. Prof. Mervat N. Ghazal
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.

Dr. M. A. A. El-Aik
Anim. Prod. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.

Reham A. M. Ali
Anim. Poult. Prod. Department, Fac. Agric. and Nat. Res., Aswan Univ., 81528, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V11/article/view/1972