Lead Levels in Blood: Insights from Autopsy Cases of Urban India| Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 7

 

Lead is a widely used heavy metal known for its toxic effects on the human body, with prolonged exposure leading to a condition known as plumbism. The generally accepted reference range for blood lead levels in humans is up to 25 µg/dL. This cross-sectional autopsy-based study aims to estimate blood lead levels in the population of South Delhi. A total of 250 blood samples were collected from autopsy cases at a tertiary care centre. From each case, 5 mL of blood was drawn, digested, and analysed using a Trace Metal Analyser (TMA) for accurate quantification of lead content. The study population included 173 males and 77 females. The mean blood lead level among males was found to be significantly higher at 16 µg/dL, compared to 0.41 µg/dL in females. Further age-wise analysis revealed that individuals in the 41–60 years age group had the highest mean blood lead concentration, measured at 20.73 µg/dL. These findings highlight a concerning level of lead exposure in specific demographic groups, particularly adult males and middle-aged individuals, underscoring the need for environmental and occupational health interventions in the region.

 

Author(s) Details

Rajesh Kumar
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.

 

Ajay Kumar Patel
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/5820

Poisoning Cases’ Demographic Profile in Accordance to an Observational Study of a Tertiary Care Center in South India | Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

In the Middle Ages, the physician/alchemist Paracelsus (1493–1541) claimed that in the world, there is no substance in the world that is entirely non-toxic; rather, the therapeutic and toxic effects of substances are indistinguishable except for one critical factor—dose. The word "poison" originated from the Latin word "potion," which meant "to drink for health." However, over time, the meaning of "poison" shifted irreversibly to include any substance that has the potential to harm a person's body when given, inhaled, or consumed. This chapter helps to identify the demographics of poisoning cases that were reported to a tertiary care institute. Here, 353 instances of poisoning that were admitted to Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India between June 2014 and June 2015 were studied in this chapter. All the data collected in the Performa were compiled and analyzed statistically using SPSS software version 15. The age range of 20 to 29 years old had the highest number of poisoning cases. The incidences of cases gradually increased with the increase in the age range. It was obvious that poisoning occurred more frequently in females than in males. According to the distribution of occupations, poisoning was more common among skilled workers, accounting for 167 occurrences. According to socioeconomic position, poisoning was most common among upper middle class individuals (52%), with middle class individuals accounting for 33% of instances. When compared to single persons, married individuals experienced poisoning more frequently. Of the 353 instances, 203 (or 58% of the total) were married, and 150 (or 48% of the cases) were single. A breakdown of the research population by family type showed that 299 of the 353 cases overall belonged to nuclear families. Individuals that are part of a joint family were 46 in total.

 

Author (s) Details

James Rajesh J
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India.

 

Sampath Kumar P
Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

 

Jothi Marie Feula A
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v8/2185

Treatment of 2,4-Dimethylamine Herbicide Intoxication Using Alkaline Diuresis and Pre-emptive Haemodialysis | Chapter 1 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Introduction: Chlorophenoxy herbicides are class of synthetic herbicides used to control broad leaved weeds. Their poisoning is very rare and l has no antidote. The mission of this case report is to emphasize the role of accurate diagnosis and management of 2, 4-D herbicide intoxication.

Case Report: We report a case of 19 year old male admitted after 6h of the deliberate ingestion of the contents of a half bottle (300 ml) of weedkiller named Dallas contents. Soon after ingestion the patient gave history of vomiting, after which patient became unconscious.

Patient was unresponsive to deep painful stimulus. He was sweating profusely with a temperature of 39 degree Celsius. Patient was electively intubated for airway protection.

Patient’s metabolic acidosis also worsened. Patient’s output dropped to 5-10 ml/hr. Patient was then taken on Haemodialysis. Patient’s urine output improved and GCS also improved.

Conclusion: 2,4-Dimethylamine intoxication is uncommon, doesn’t have an antidote with very high morbidity and mortality. Other therapies, such as gastrointestinal decontamination, first emergency resuscitation, and supportive treatment with haemodialysis when needed, must be added to alkaline diuresis, which is a life-saving treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Manjiri Naik,
Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, India.

Shamisha Khade,
Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V12/article/view/12966

Pattern of Self-poisoning | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

 The green coup in India during 1960 not only remodelled the whole land system but stylish also came the poison & pesticide that are injurious to human fitness. The objective of this study search out describe the pattern of contaminate in Visakhapatnam and its mathematical correlates. This backward-looking study was conducted in all pollute cases admitted in Casualty area of Anil Neerukonda Hospital, Visakhapatnam and carried out all the while the period of 1st Jan 2014 to 31st Dec 2017. In our study it was noticed that majority (47.37%) of the cases were between the ages of 20-29 age with slight preponderance towards female (52.63%) as distinguished to male (47.37%). The majority of the cases (94.74%) belonged to the lower socioeconomic class. The most ordinary location of incident was within delegation of representatives (85.97%), and it was mostly noticed during the cold season. The most commonly addictive drug was aluminum phosphide (21.05%), followed by organophosphate compounds (14.04%). In conclusion it maybe stated that the administration should take lawmaking steps to curb down the menace of poison in the hands of the sensitive people in the association primarily fixating on developing the poisons accompanying less toxicity or non-toxic to humans.

Author(s) Details:

P. C. Sahoo,
SMIMS, Sikkim Manipal University, India.

Karma Mingur Diki Bhutia,
SMIMS, Sikkim Manipal University, India.

Ashim Mishra,
SMIMS, Sikkim Manipal University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V1/article/view/10456

Determination of Poisoning Cases in a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital by a Clinical Pharmacist | Chapter 6 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 History: Poison Mortality from a variety of chemicals is widespread. Various substances, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals, have been utilised inadvertently or on purpose as poisons in various nations. Pesticides are the most often employed poisoning agents in the Indian context. One of the main difficulties that health care workers face globally is managing poisoning. As a result, the clinical pharmacist can be very important in managing or controlling poisoning.To evaluate the poisoning cases that have been admitted to the rural tertiary care hospital

Methodology: The emergency department at Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Center was the subject of a prospective, observational study for nine months.

Results: 73 hospitalizations for poisoning were found during the research period. They have a higher percentage of men than women, 63.0% to 37.0%. The majority of casualties were between the ages of 21 and 40. Poisoning that was done on purpose made up 80.8% of cases, while accidental poisoning made up 19.2%. Pesticide exposures were seen in 57.5% of the instances of poisoning, followed by bites, or 13.6%, domestic products, 8.3%, medicine, and miscellaneous, or 5.6%. According to the results of the treatment assessment, only 78.7% of patients were appropriately treated, and 21.3% did not receive the recommended care.

The therapeutic outcome results showed that 59 (80.8%) patients were recovered, 9 (12.3%) people died, 4 (5.5%) patients were discharged against medical advice, and 1 (1.4%) patient was suggested for a higher centre. During the study period, eight poison information queries were managed and given to the requestor. To handle the cases of poisoning, a poison treatment protocol was also created or produced. In summary, clinical pharmacist involvement in poisoning management will decrease fatalities and enhance therapeutic results. The majority of poisoning incidents included a pesticide that farmers used in their agricultural crops.

Author(s) Details:

K. V. Ramanath,
Department of Pharmacy Practice,Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, B G Nagara-571448, Mandya District, Karnataka, India and Suryadatta College of Pharmacy Healthcare & Research, Pune-411021, India.

H. D. Naveen Kumar,
Department of Pharmacy Practice,Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, B G Nagara-571448, Mandya District, Karnataka, India and Suryadatta College of Pharmacy Healthcare & Research, Pune-411021, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8369

Stingray Poisoning, an Aspect with Medical Relevance | Chapter 13 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 5

 

The purpose of authoring this chapter is to increase awareness of several stingray species that, frequently, we can accidentally expose ourselves to because to ignorance.

We rarely consider the possibility that aquatic animals, regardless of size, could feel endangered by people living in their habitat. Due to ignorance, we occasionally desire to hold a sea species in our hands because of its color or appearance, and sometimes these creatures appear to be safe. When you try to touch a sea urchin, there are unpleasant surprises, it buries its stinger, which causes discomfort and an infection that needs medication to remove. Rayism has received little attention, but stingray stings are a common occurrence. Some Mexican beaches are home to a wide variety of manta rays, some of which are poisonous. This article provides an overview of the many species and their taxonomic classification, as well as information on their venom and biochemical makeup, diagnosis, medical management, and therapeutic management of stings. Additionally, some suggestions are made in order to stop accidents brought on by these creatures. Diabetes patients need special care since their wounds heal more slowly and are more susceptible to infection.

Author(s) Details:

Héctor Gabriel Ramos Rodríguez,
Medical Gerontology  Module, “Tlalpan” Familiar  Medicine Clinic, ISSSTE, College  of  Geography, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, National Autonomous University of Mexico, (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.

Edgar Cedillo Sánchez,
College of Geography. Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.

José D. Méndez,
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V5/article/view/7662

The Individualized Management Approach for Acute Poisoning: A Review | Chapter 2 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.9

 Acute poisoning is a common occurrence that demands quick treatment decisions in order to achieve the best potential outcome. The only way to get those results is to take an individualised strategy. Promoting awareness among healthcare professionals dealing with acute poisoning about the importance of pharmacokinetics and adhering to certain criteria when considering interventions like activated charcoal, antidotes, or specific investigations could help them improve their risk assessment and management strategies. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most important aspects to consider when creating a personalised care plan for poisoning victims. This review was based on relevant publications discovered through a PubMed search. The review takes into account our perspectives as specialists from the Drug and Poison Information Center at King Saud University (KSU) (DPIC).

Author(s) Details:

Muneera Al-Jelaify,
Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.


Suliman Al Homidah,
Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V9/article/view/5962