Spectrum of Serum Sodium, Chloride and Potassium and Its Role in the Prediction of Preeclampsia | Chapter 4 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

Background and Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy that leads to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It may result in lifelong sequelae in pregnant women like reduced life expectancy, increased risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease and diabetes while babies from such mothers have increased risks of preterm birth, perinatal death and neurodevelopmental disability and cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. Pre-eclampsia is an intricate multisystem disease, diagnosed by sudden-onset hypertension (>20 weeks of gestation). In spite of decades of research, the aetiology of pre-eclampsia remains poorly defined. To investigate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia research is needed to evaluate new prognostic tests and treatments in adequately powered clinical trials. The role of different serum electrolytes in its pathogenesis is in this direction a step as they are considered important for blood pressure regulation.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 100 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia divided into mild and severe according to latest International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy ( ISSHP ) guidelines and equal number of age, parity and gestational age-matched women (n=100), that acted as control group, with singleton normal pregnancies, admitted in obstetrics wards from January to March 2022 of our tertiary care hospital associated with GMC Srinagar were included in the study. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations to estimate biochemical parameters were conducted. Data was analyzed with SPSS V:26. Statistical tests to find out the mean standard deviation among the groups and the One-way ANOVA test was applied to find the significance of associations.

Results: In the severe preeclampsia group, the mean values of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^- were 134.50±4.24, 4.28±0.74, 106.48±3.41 mEq/L respectively in comparison to the control group 135.57±3.29, 4.12±0.53, 108.20±3.19 mEq/L respectively. Results from one-way ANOVA showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the means of the three groups for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Potassium and Chloride levels with p<0.05. A post hoc analysis was used to distinguish the differences in means of these parameters among the groups with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Conclusion: Estimation of readily available serum sodium, chloride and potassium during the course of pregnancy can help to identify preeclampsia and thus reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and fetal outcome.

 

Author (s) Details

Javid Ahmed Khan

Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Aadil Ashraf
Department of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Waseem A. Qureshi
Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Faizana Fayaz
Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v9/3517

A Study on the Muscle Immobility of Depression: the Weightlessness within | Chapter 11 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The aim concerning this study was to decide the function of bioelements in human depression. In the randomized, anticipated, observational trial, 311 adult colleagues (188 women and 123 men) had assessments for fur sodium and potassium; 192 were controls (83 men and 109 women), and 119 had meaningful unipolar depression (40 fellows and 79 women). Depression was diagnosed for one DSM-IV criteria, and wig sodium and potassium were analyzed by the inductively connected plasma nuclear emission spectroscopy (ICP AES). In the subgroup of 19 controls and 24 disadvantaged subjects who tried suicide (the serious form of major depression), antidiuretic birth control method (ADH) was assessed by utilizing the standard laboratory ADH diagnostic provisions. Significant gender distinctnesses were observed, since brothers have more hair Na and K than daughters (Na p < .01; K p < .02; Chi square test). The depressed cases also have increased levels of sideburn Na and K, what indicate the negative balance of these electrolytes, because hair growth is unidirectional (p < .01 for two together K and Na, Chi square test); ADH values were dropped off in the suicidal subgroup (p < .01, Chi square test). These findings on negative Na and K balance and lowered ADH in depression are related to those seen in astronauts during brief Apollo scope missions. The issue stands as to whether the stated Earthly metabolic changes of body powers in depressed cases are a direct result of muscle inactivity, or if cavity fatigue is mediated apiece failure of some hypothetic, gravity helpless muscle mobility mind control "dynamostat" that operates as well the fluid regulation center that manifests allure presence when being light in Space.

Author(s) Details:

S. Morovic,
Aviva Polyclinic, Trpinjska ul. 7, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.

S. Drmic,
Department Psychiat, Univ Hosp Zagreb, Croatia and Department Hlth Studies, University Split, Croatia.

J. Morovic,
Center GW d.o.o. and Gestalty d.o.o, Zagreb, Croatia.

S. Brundic,
Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Res Syst (IRES), Zagreb, Croatia.

B. Momcilovic,
Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Res Syst (IRES), Zagreb, Croatia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11807

Aspects of the Hydro-geochemistry of Groundwater in Agbor/Owa Communities of Delta State, Nigeria| Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 The essences of barium, calcium, sodium, sulphate, phosphate, and cyanide in groundwater in Boji-Boji (BB) area and suburbs of Ika land, Delta state, Nigeria, were examined. Without some form of treatment, groundwater is the basic source of water for the locals of these societies. The essence concerning this exercise is to study few facets of the hydro-geochemistry of groundwater in these communities to authorize its excellence for devouring and the sustainable welfare of the people. There are 55 borehole water sites spread across these five sample substitute-fields. Solar Unicam flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to analyse the metal ions. The colorimetric system was used to determine the sulphate, phosphate, and cyanide elements of larger object. The results show the ghost of sodium, calcium, sulphate, and phosphate. However, barium and cyanide were below the discovery limit. Second, the aquifer held a greater proportion of calcium and sulphate than sodium and phosphate.Third, a mean percentage value of 0,018 and 0.158 were noticed for Na+/Ca2+ and PO43-/SO42- individually. Fourth, sodium had a strong equating with all of the different limits. Finally, the concentrations of the studied limits are below the WHO's maximum contaminator levels, meaning that the water is free of analytes. However, the sodium concentrations in many sample fields continue to cause concern from a strength belief.

Author(s) Details:

Hector H. Oyem,
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.

Ifeanyi M. Oyem,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V4/article/view/8689

Species Diversity and Mud Puddling Activity of Butterflies in Madurai, Tamilnadu, India | Chapter 9 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 5

One of nature's most amazing species, butterflies play a crucial role in the ecology. Building construction replaces or reduces the butterflies' native habitat in the midst of urbanisation, which causes a sharp drop in butterfly variety, a sign of poor habitat quality. Puddling is a fascinating habit practised by butterflies in which they consume salts and minerals from mud puddles, dung, and carrion. Lepidopterans' dietary and reproductive state are impacted by the mud-puddle activity. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the species variety and richness as well as the mud-pumping behaviour of butterflies in the chosen Madurai, then examine the sample of soil for different minerals and salts to comprehend the significance of mud puddling in butterfly reproductive behaviour. Using the transect method, a butterfly survey was conducted in the Alagarkovil hills and on the campus of Lady Doak College from July 2017 to January 2018 on sunny days between 0800 and 1600 hours, three times per week. Six families included a total of 166 species that were recorded throughout the study period, with 49 species belonging to the leading Nymphalidae family. Of the six families, mud puddling was most frequently observed in the Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae families. It was discovered that mud-puddle activity predominated in areas with lots of puddles. The soil study of the mud puddling sites revealed the presence of macro elements like phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon as well as metal ions like manganese, iron, and copper as well as salts like sodium and potassium. It was discovered that the soil's alkaline pH favoured the puddling activity. At both research sites, host plants for 21 different plant species were discovered. Despite being an urbanised area, the Lady Doak College location is home to a wide variety of butterflies thanks to the quantity of appropriate habitat. Restoration of mud puddling places could improve the biodiversity index of butterflies in urbanised cities under conservation techniques.

 

Author (s) Details

C. Ganeswari

Department of Zoology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, India.

Priyatharsini Rajendran

Department of Zoology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V5/article/view/7619