Modelling and Sustainable Management of Sludge in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: A Case Study from Meknes, Morocco | Chapter 2 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 9

 

Water management is a key pillar of sustainable development. Indeed, the rational use of water has become a condition for new investments in the water sector, as in many sectors. Optimising the production of drinking water is one aspect. This optimisation involves not only the choice of water resource use but also the management of by-products of the water treatment process to manage sustainably the exploited water resources. The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with a tool to attain the most effective management of the facility's by-products and in consequently optimise the cubic meter price of the treated water.

 

The city of Meknes is watered from two sources and a set of holes (14), The turbidity of water sources can vary depending on rainfall recorded in the region. A water treatment plant (600 l/s) was performed for the purification of water sources. Through this study, we focus on the modelling of the sludge volume produced by this plant. As in the construction field, WTP sludge is very important in the pottery sector. A study proposed the use of a mixture consisting of sludge (85%) and sand (silicon dioxide), 15%, in pottery manufacturing.

 

The objective is to design a model for calculating the sludge volume from the actual data recorded in the plant. The model can be used by the operator to predict the sludge volume and can also be used by the designers.

 

The results of this study demonstrated that the volumes calculated from the model constructed considering the data recorded at the station perfectly match the volumes produced, with a determination coefficient of 100%.

 

This paper has presented some preliminary results concerning the challenging task of modelling the sludge volume produced by the water treatment plant using a model. The application of this model can not only provide the operator with an effective tool for managing the station by-products but also provide designers with a formula to prevent over-/under design of structures. Therefore, these measures help to optimise the cost of production of drinking water and will play an important role in the sustainable development of water resources. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider this approach to be applied in the treatment plant for water with a similar turbidity level.

 

Author(s) Details

M.Farhaoui
National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water, Morocco.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v9/5807

 

Effect of Waste Wood Biomass on the Properties of Wood Sanding Dust/Recycled Polypropylene Composites | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are a young generation of (semi)-biocomposites that have attracted increasing research interest in both scientific and industrial areas over the past few decades. The use of WPCs is rapidly growing worldwide in the automobile industry and building engineering for the production of consumer goods, domestic and technical materials, etc. To decrease climate change, more research focuses on decreasing waste wood biomass (WWB) burning and increasing its conversion into value-added products. This study aimed to characterise the WWB and to investigate its effect on the composition of a hybrid lignocellulosic filler on the properties of recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The WWB was isolated from model wood processing wastewater with a new hybrid coagulant by the coagulation/flocculation method. In the work, two samples of WWB were studied. The first sample was isolated from the wastewater by its evaporation at room temperature first and then at 60°C for 48 h. The second sample was extracted by the coagulation/flocculation process of the wastewater with the developed hybrid coagulant, representing the polymer complex of the composite coagulant based on polyaluminium chloride and high-molecular polyethylenimine. Characterisation was performed using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The waste biomass contained high-molecular lignin and hemicellulose substances and represented a finely dispersed powder. It was hydrophobic and was characterised by enhanced thermal stability. To minimise the negative effect of polymer wastes on the environment, recycled polypropylene as a polymer matrix was used with the hybrid filler in fabricating WPC samples. The presence of the coagulated WWB in the hybrid filler composition positively affects the mechanical properties, water uptake, and dimensional stability of the composite samples. This behaviour of the waste biomass suggests its potential to act as a compatibiliser, enhancing interfacial adhesion within the composite system.

 

Author (s) Details

Sanita Vitolina
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Galia Shulga
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Brigita Neiberte
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Jevgenijs Jaunslavietis
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Anrijs Verovkins
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Talrits Betkers
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v3/5292

Use of Camel Rennet Extract: Manufacture of Mixed Fresh Cheese and its Quality | Chapter 4 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 2

 

To solve the problem of camel milk coagulation and to diversify the products based on this milk, this study targets the manufacture of fresh cheese by adding the goat milk to camel milk with 50% (v/v). The use of camel rennet extract as a bio-coagulant appears interesting in this milk mixture. The camel rennet was extracted from the abomasum of a 7-month-old dromedary. This extract in the freeze-dried form was recommended compared to the liquid form. The study of the optimisation of the quantity to be added to the mixed milk based on the cheese yield and texture was 0.2g/L. In addition, the use of a blend of mesophilic and thermophilic starter cultures was also recommended in the improvement of the acidification of the mixed milks. The quality of the fresh cheese obtained was approved at the physicochemical level by a good protein retention with 36.26 ± 1.75%/DM. Texture profile analysis revealed a cohesiveness of 0.32 ± 0.01 mm and a springiness of 14.25 ± 0.63 mm. The microstructure showed that the resulting cheese had numerous and large pores. FTIR analysis monitors the physicochemical composition, and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a non-crystalline structure of the cheese. On the sensory scale, the panellists preferred the cheese coagulated with the freeze-dried camel rennet, with a score of 9/15. Finally, this study has proven the effectiveness of using camel rennet in cheese-making technology based on camel milk.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Biya Bouras
Research Laboratory of Biology, Environment and Health (LBEH), University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria.

 

Ouarda Aissaoui-Zitoun
Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology (LNTA), Institute of Nutrition, Feeding and Agrofood Technology (INATAA), University Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria.

 

Férial Aziza Benyahia
Agro-Food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Institute of Nutrition, Feeding and Agrofood Technology (INATAA), University Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria.

 

Souhila Djema
Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis (CRAPC), Bou Ismail 42004, Algeria.

 

Leila Bouras
Research Laboratory of Exploitation and Valorization of Saharan Energy Resources (EVSER), University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria.

Mohammed Nassereddine Zidoune
Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology (LNTA), Institute of Nutrition, Feeding and Agrofood Technology (INATAA), University Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria.

 

Imène Felfoul
Valuation, Analysis and Food Safety Laboratory (LAVASA), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Route Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.

 

Souhila Djema

Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis (CRAPC), Bou Ismail 42004, Algeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v2/5369

Could FXIII Deficiency Influence Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Neurosurgery? | Chapter 9 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 8

The main objective was to determine how perioperative FXIII levels affected ICH following brain surgery. An 18-month prospective observational study was conducted at a Spanish third-level hospital. It comprised all consecutive adults (18 years or older) who underwent elective brain tumour surgery and underwent postoperative care in the Neurointensive Care Unit (N-ICU). Ages under 18, informed refusals, deaths in operating rooms, inadequate blood samples, and non-tumor tissue were prohibited. FXIII levels in three blood samples were measured (A-presurgical, B-postsurgical and C-24 hours after surgery). The study involved 109 patients. Final ICH confirmation was made in 39 of them (35,78 percent). An association between the length of the ICU stay (p0,01) and the male gender (p0,03) and the ICH was found by inferential studies. Particularly in the B sample, ICH patients' average FXIII was lower (A 71,2 percent, B 51,57 percent, C 52,14 percent). After brain tumour surgery, acquired FXIIID (70%) elevated ICH, indicating that it might be employed as a risk marker for haemorrhage. Additionally, male gender, baseline variation, and a longer ICU stay were all associated with ICH. Tests for normal coagulation did not exclude FXIII disease. Future research may focus on FXIIID detection and replacement therapy as a therapeutic goal.

 

Author (s) Details

Estela Val Jordan

Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel La Católica, 1-3. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

 

Please see the link here:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V8/article/view/7798

Are TFPI and β-TG Indicators of Severity in COVID-19? | Chapter 13 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: In cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affecting the lung, thromboembolic consequences have been described as a major pathologic event that poses a serious risk to life. This is supported by autopsy reports of alveolar destruction and pulmonary intravascular microthrombi. The brand-new coronavirus (CoV) doesn't seem to have any inherent procoagulant properties. The inflammatory reaction is most likely what caused the coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19. Based on high interleukin-6 levels, COVID-19 exhibits significant inflammation (IL-6). Based on high D-dimer levels, this COVID-19-related inflammation causes coagulopathy (DD). According to COVID-19, an endotheliopathy appears to be a factor in microvascular thrombosis. This study's objective is to confirm the coagulation anomalies in 100 patients with significant COVID-19 lung involvement and their relationship to the disease's severity and prognosis.

Method: Indicators of inflammation, endothelial function, and coagulation were measured and compared between patients with severe and mild illness.

Results: Severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-6, TNF-a, TF, VWF, D-dimer, TAT, and fibrinogen. We also assessed -TG levels that were higher than the plasma levels of PF4 in patients with severe COVID-19, and we found that platelet adhesion was increased. This is because PF4 is rapidly removed from plasma. As compared to moderate COVID-19 patients, all severe COVID-19 patients had shortened CT and CFT, high MCF, and low LY at 30 minutes.

Conclusions: TFPI is said to be a natural anticoagulant that reduces coagulation and inflammation. As a result, we detected TFPI levels that were above normal without causing the inflammation and coagulation to stop, thereby demonstrating the clinical severity of individuals with severe COVID-19.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Rossella Cacciola

Hemostasis/Hematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania-95123 Catania, Italy.

Elio Gentilini Cacciola

Policlinico “Umberto I”, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza “ University of Rome-00182 Rome, Italy.

Veronica Vecchio

Hemoastasi/Hematology Unit, Medical School of Catania,University of Catania 95123 Catania, Italy.

Emma Cacciola

Hemostasis/Hematology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V6/article/view/7687

Model of Trigger Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Review | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Coronavirus infection in 2019 (COVID-19) A pandemic has spread to practically every country on the planet, and the crisis is still having a huge influence on the number of people who have died and worldwide economic growth. The current state of knowledge about its pathophysiology is important for dealing with the current public health crisis. This review will look at published studies about COVID-19 to see what information there is on the molecular pathways that underlie the changes caused by SARS-CoV-2. When the SARS-CoV-2 S protein reaches cells with ACE2 receptors, which are primarily found in the upper respiratory tract, followed by the oral cavity, and, in a lesser degree, the conjunctiva, the COVID-19 virus infects people. SARS-CoV-2 aggravation is primarily caused by inflammation and thrombus development in symptomatic patients. This is due to a regulatory imbalance created by the loss of ACE2 receptors, which serves to activate the regulatory axis Ang-II ACE2 Ang-(1-7) MAS receptor, which counteracts the deleterious effects of Ang-II. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 as a primary receiver, allowing it to activate virulence mechanisms in the host.

Author(S) Details

Nestor Cahui Galarza
Biomedical Sciences, National University of the Altiplano - Puno, Puno, Perú. and SAMYECO S.R.L. - Juliaca, Puno, Perú.

María de los Ángeles Monge Condori
National University of Moquegua, Mcal Nieto, Moquegua, Perú.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V6/article/view/4516

Studies on Antiphospholipid Syndrome | Chapter 18 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Antiphospholidid syndrome (APS) is a rare and poorly understood clinical disease that can have serious implications. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is what distinguishes it (aPL). These autoantibodies are directed towards plasma proteins having a high affinity for anionic phospholipids, rather than anionic phospholipids themselves. Arterial and venous thrombosis, as well as pregnant morbidity, are the most common symptoms. Catastrophic APS and immune thrombocytopenia are two further symptoms. Antibodies to lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-2-glycoprotein I (a-2GPI) are among the laboratory tests used to look for aPL. Individuals who have positive results for all three laboratory tests (triple positivity) are at the highest risk for a first thrombotic event and recurrence. Thrombotic recurrences are prevented by long-term anticoagulant therapy with warfarin.

Author (S) Details

Cacciola Rossella
University of Catania, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Haemostasis Unit, Ferrarotto Hospital, Via S. Citelli 6, 95124 Catania, Italy.

Gentilini Cacciola Elio
Haemostasis Unit, University of Catania, Italy.

Cacciola Emma
Haemostasis Unit, University of Catania, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V6/article/view/2776

Improvement of Camel Milk Coagulation: Usefulness of an Enzymatic Extract from the Kaolin Layer of Chicken Gizzard | Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 This study used an enzymatic extract from the Kaolin Layer (EKL) of chicken gizzards as a substitute for commercial rennet to increase the coagulation abilities of camel milk. Dry Kaolin layer powder was dissolved in a combination of Nacl and CaCO3 to make the crude extract. The crude extract's milk clotting activity (MCA) was measured using the Berridge method. The following were the EKL optimum coagulation conditions: pH = 5, temperature = 45°C, CaCl2 concentration = 0.09M. Furthermore, the enzymatic extract demonstrated significant coagulant potential, particularly for camel milk: UP = 0.630 0.04 against 0.672 0.05 for bovine milk. EKL can be used as a coagulant agent in both camel and cow milk cheese making.

Author (s) Details

Amel Sboui
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.

Imen Fguiri
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.

Mohamed Dbara
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.

Mohamed Hammadi
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.

Touhami Khorchani
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2415

Study of Some Iron Salts as Coagulant for the Treatment of Dairy Industry Wastewater | Chapter 2 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 3

 Dairy plants typically require significant amounts of clean water. More than 90% of clean water is turned into waste water, indicating a very high potential risk of contamination to the ecosystem. The present study is intended to examine the performance of ferric sulphate and ferric chloride used as coagulants in the chemical treatment of raw waste water obtained from dairy plants under the same analytical conditions. The results of the visual and physicochemical assessment of chemically treated wastewater showed a substantial improvement in their selected characteristics, but within the samples studied, different responses to coagulant treatment were observed. In the large range between 20.9 and 97.2 percent, removal efficiencies for individual parameters varied.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Yogeshkumar M. Dabhi

R. G. Shah Science College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/318