Regeneration of Pulp-Dentin Using Nitric Oxide-releasing Biomimetic Nanomatrix Gel: A Preliminary Study | Chapter 11 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 

Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic processes can result in infection of the root canal system and/or periapical tissues. Such endodontic infections are common and can be treated with root canal treatment. Successful disinfection and complete tissue regeneration are key goals in regenerative endodontics. Despite reported clinical successes, current regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) face limitations. To address these, a novel antibiotic and nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed and evaluated for its antibacterial efficacy against multispecies endodontic bacteria and animal models.

The gel, synthesized from peptide amphiphiles, encapsulated ciprofloxacin (CF) and metronidazole (MN) alongside NO. Antibacterial effects were assessed using bacterial viability assays on endodontic microorganisms, including clinical samples. Additionally, pulp-dentin regeneration was evaluated in the beagle’s tooth model.

Results demonstrated that the antibiotics and NO-releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel had a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect, with NO alone also showing significant efficacy. In vivo studies further indicated that the gel promoted tooth revascularization and root canal maturation.

This research suggests that the optimal concentration of the NO-releasing nanomatrix gel holds promise as a root treatment material for REP. Future studies will focus on refining growth factor incorporation and conducting larger-scale trials to confirm its efficacy and establish protocols for human clinical application.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Chan-Yang Moon
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

 

Ok Hyung Nam
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

 

Misun Kim
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

 

Hyo-Seol Lee
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Sagar N. Kaushik
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

 

David A. Cruz Walma
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

 

Ho-Wook Jun
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

 

Kyounga Cheon
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

 

Sung Chul Choi
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v5/3156

Immunity against Tuberculosis Infection | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 The invulnerable response shows the initial arm of host defense against Koch’s bacterium. The present research describes and debates current knowledge of the host immune reaction to infection by M. infection, with importance on the roles of antimycobacterial effector functions of macrophages, T cells, mediators, receptors and activators of exemption as Toll-like receptors and the impact on the inherited response to Mycobacterium. Specifically, we summarize studies focusing on of the pathogen that multiplies in the alveolar macrophages, but private of the cases it causes bacteriostasis where the bacterium is in a nonreplicating state latent (dormant) and opposing to drugs. In addition, we also devote effort to something the induction, specificity, and effector functions have existed investigated in current years, to a degree gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis determinant-alpha, nitric group of chemical elements, reactive nitrogen go-between, and natural killer. Our needing immediate attention is to implement instructional programs that will enable the creation of a essential tuberculosis stop strategy. It is urged to use immunotherapy after chemotherapy for fear that reactivation of the bacterium due to the presence of hidden bacilli in tissues.

Author(s) Details:

Martínez-Romero Aurora,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Gómez Palacio, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED). Av. Artículo 123 s/n Col. Filadelfia CP 35010; AP 51. Gómez Palacio, Dgo, México.

Ortega-Sánchez José Luis,
Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, AP No. 8 Bermejillo, Dgo, México.

Alba-Romero José de Jesús,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Gómez Palacio, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED). Av. Artículo 123 s/n Col. Filadelfia CP 35010; AP 51. Gómez Palacio, Dgo, México.

Hernández-González Sandra Isabel,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Gómez Palacio, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED). Av. Artículo 123 s/n Col. Filadelfia CP 35010; AP 51. Gómez Palacio, Dgo, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V4/article/view/10133

Health Benefits of “Well Chewing” during Meals via Enterosalivary Nitrate–Nitrite–Nitric Oxide Pathway| Chapter 8 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

 Saliva holds nitrates reused from ingested foodstuff (such as, vegetables) by way of the enterosalivary road. Chewing thoroughly all the while food increases salivary flow and the adaptation of salivary nitrate to nitrite by oral commensal microorganisms, happening in a nitrite-rich gastric atmosphere. As a result, alternatively N-nitroso compounds, the acidic stomach produces nitric group of chemical elements (NO) and S-nitrosothiols. These particles can provide pertaining to the stomach and intrinsic health benefits by transducing NO-intervened signals, exceptionally in victims with vascular endothelial dysfunction and metabolic condition, two together of which are guide dropped endogenous NO creation and injured NO synthase project. This article tries the evidence that all-encompassing chewing of foodstuff constitutes a nitrite-rich gastric surroundings that strengthens strength benefits rather than carcinogenicity by growing NO bioavailability by way of the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway.

Author(s) Details:

Jun Kobayashi,
Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V8/article/view/9342

Phytoconstituents of Vitex negundo may be an Effective Alternative in Parasitic Infection in Humans| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

 This present study was acted to evaluate an active alternative over present medication against parasitical infection cruel. Vitex negundo (Family: Verbenaceae) is a useful drugs in Ayurveda and widely used by the ancestral people. The phytochemical protect of Vitex negundo (leaves &bark) extract  showed  the occupancy of phenolics and flavonoids, those are responsible for antiviral, uncontaminated, anti hypersensitive, antihypertensive, antiarrythmic, hepatoprotective, anti-angering effects in animals [1,2,3]. Our present studies was done on Pheretima posthuma model (Indian earthworm)to discover antiprotozoal effect).Three concentrations 10,20 & 40 mg/ml extracts of V.negundo (leaves and bark) were used for this study that involved the determination momentary of paralysis (vermifuge) and occasion of death (vermicidal endeavor) of the worms, where the aggregation of 40 mg/ml showed a meaningful anthelmintic activity. Observations were corresponding with the standard drug at aggregation of 10mg/ml.of piperizine citrate. Although more chemical in addition to clinical studies are necessary to exhibits determined its capability to become of main pharmacological interest.

Author(s) Details:

Sibaram Paria,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Subhasish Mondal,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V4/article/view/9305

Phytoconstituents of Vitex negundo may be an Effective Alternative in Parasitic Infection in Humans| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

 This present study was acted to evaluate an persuasive alternative over present medication against parasitical infection cruel. Vitex negundo (Family: Verbenaceae) is a useful drugs in Ayurveda and widely used by the ancestral people. The phytochemical protect of Vitex negundo (leaves &bark) extract  showed  the ghost of phenolics and flavonoids, those are responsible for antiviral, completely clean, anti susceptible, antihypertensive, antiarrythmic, hepatoprotective, anti-angering effects in animals [1,2,3]. Our present studies was done on Pheretima posthuma model (Indian earthworm)to learn antiprotozoal effect).Three concentrations 10,20 & 40 mg/ml extracts of V.negundo (leaves and bark) were used for this study that involved the determination momentary of paralysis (vermifuge) and period of death (vermicidal exercise) of the worms, where the aggregation of 40 mg/ml showed a important anthelmintic activity. Observations were corresponding with the standard drug at aggregation of 10mg/ml.of piperizine citrate. Although more chemical in addition to clinical studies are necessary to exhibits resulted its aptitude to become of main pharmacological interest.

Author(s) Details:

Sibaram Paria,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Subhasish Mondal,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V4/article/view/9305

Toxicity Preventive Potential of Anti-Inflammatory CeO2 Nanoparticles in HUVE Cells | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.7

The mechanism behind cerium oxide nanoparticles' (CeO2 NPs) cytoprotective capability against cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) donors and H2O2 is currently unknown. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines IL-1 and TNF- were dramatically reduced by CeO2 NPs that had been synthesised and described. Because NP-induced ROS/NO did not cause toxicity in HUVE cells, the main goal of this investigation was to determine the capacities of CeO2 NPs in terms of signalling effects that could have happened owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or NO. Two NO-donors were used in conjunction with CeO2 NPs in human umbilical vein-derived endothelial (HUVE) cells to achieve this goal. To our knowledge, there has been little investigation on CeO2 NPs' modulatory ability against known NO-donors. SNP (sodium nitroprusside, #ab145732 from Abcam plc, Cambridge, UK) and DETA-NO (Z)-1-[N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate or DETA-NONOate #ab144627 from Abcam plc, Cambridge, UK) were the two NO donors utilised in this The IC50s of two NO donors (DETA-NO; 1250 110 M and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 950 89 M) as well as the IC50 of H2O2 (120 7 M) were used to assess cytoprotective capacity and its underlying mechanism. Total ROS (as a collective marker of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and other ROS) was assessed using DCFH-DA, and significant ROS was deciphered using a specialised probe DHE. The data demonstrated that signalling processes mediated primarily by and/or NO are responsible for CeO2 NPs at 100 g/mL ameliorating toxicity. The fact that NP exposure had no effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and that CeO2 NPs-mediated recovery of MMP loss caused by exogenous NO donors and H2O2 suggested that NP-mediated generation was extra-mitochondrial. The mechanism behind the NP-induced gain in GSH and persistent cytoplasmic ROS is partially explained by data on activated glutathione reductase (GR) and unchanged glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Instead of being inhibited by CeO2 NP administration, cells may develop the ability to tolerate exogenously generated toxicity due to increased antioxidant capacity due to non-cytotoxic ROS and/or NO generation.

Author(s) Details:

Mohd Javed Akhtar,
King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.


Maqusood Ahamed,
King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6101

Synchronous Work of Membrane ATPases for Metal Traffic in Epidermal Cells (Quantitative Assessment) | Chapter 07 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 The authors look at the results of hair atomic emission spectrometry for Al, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu, Li, Pb, V, and Zn in 952 healthy people and 952 Chernobyl nuclear power plant liquidators. The authors discovered pair correlations between metal concentration levels using correlation analysis (Pearson) of the acquired data. According to the authors, all ATP-dependent membrane pumps (P-type) mediating metal-ligand homeostasis in epidermal cells can have criticality or synchronisation (as a special case of the critical state of the system). The level of criticality (synchronisation) in the operation of membrane ATPases is measured using a quantitative criterion (synchronisation index). If hair spectrometry data shows a power-law distribution at the individual level, a similar distribution at the cellular level should be expected due to the intrinsic power-law to scale invariance.

Author (S) Details

V. I. Petukhov
Vladimir State University, Vladimir, Russia.

E. V. Dmitriev
Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

L. Kh. Baumane
Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.

A. V. Skalny
ANO Centre for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia.

Yu. N. Lobanova
ANO Centre for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia.

A. R. Grabeklis
ANO Centre for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V6/article/view/5300

A Comprehensive Review on the Pleotropic Role of Nitric Oxide, a Well-Known Cytotoxin | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, has a dual role in human physiology and disease. NO is thought to protect cells at low concentrations; but, at greater concentrations, it becomes cytotoxic and contributes to tumour angiogenesis and cancer growth. Although previous research on the function of NO in cancer were tissue-specific, this review focuses on the underlying commonalities of NO exposure that exist across a wide range of malignancies. We also try to explain the role of NO and glutathione-transferase, a cellular protective enzyme. The growing involvement of NO in three key areas of epigenetics is highlighted in this article: DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone alterations. Finally, we present the recent development of a model cell line system in which cells show a high level of NO nitric oxide adaptation, and we believe that these adapted cell lines can be effective tools for studying NO's role in cancer biology.

Author(S) Details

Ankit Sharma
LabyRx Immunological Therapeutics, 2700 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1108 Sacramento, CA 95817,USA.

Estevan Limón López
McQuery College of Health and Human Services, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.

Michael Babich
LabyRx Immunological Therapeutics, 2700 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1108 Sacramento, CA 95817,USA.

James A. Radosevich
Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IST-V1/article/view/5075

Model of Trigger Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Review | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Coronavirus infection in 2019 (COVID-19) A pandemic has spread to practically every country on the planet, and the crisis is still having a huge influence on the number of people who have died and worldwide economic growth. The current state of knowledge about its pathophysiology is important for dealing with the current public health crisis. This review will look at published studies about COVID-19 to see what information there is on the molecular pathways that underlie the changes caused by SARS-CoV-2. When the SARS-CoV-2 S protein reaches cells with ACE2 receptors, which are primarily found in the upper respiratory tract, followed by the oral cavity, and, in a lesser degree, the conjunctiva, the COVID-19 virus infects people. SARS-CoV-2 aggravation is primarily caused by inflammation and thrombus development in symptomatic patients. This is due to a regulatory imbalance created by the loss of ACE2 receptors, which serves to activate the regulatory axis Ang-II ACE2 Ang-(1-7) MAS receptor, which counteracts the deleterious effects of Ang-II. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 as a primary receiver, allowing it to activate virulence mechanisms in the host.

Author(S) Details

Nestor Cahui Galarza
Biomedical Sciences, National University of the Altiplano - Puno, Puno, Perú. and SAMYECO S.R.L. - Juliaca, Puno, Perú.

María de los Ángeles Monge Condori
National University of Moquegua, Mcal Nieto, Moquegua, Perú.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V6/article/view/4516

Coronary Luminal Endothelial Lectinic Proteins upon Binding to N-Acetylglucosamine Become the Sensors to Flow That Induce Cardiac Paracrine-Dependent Responses | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 3

When coronary blood flow is applied to the endothelium lumen, paracrine effectors change parenchymal processes, however the mechanism of flow sensation is unknown. We and others have established that oligosaccharides and lectins in the coronary endothelial luminal membrane (CELM) are involved in flow detection, and we postulated that a reversible flow-modulated lectin-oligosaccharide interaction causes cardiac effects of coronary flow. Lectins are a family of proteins found throughout nature that have a strong affinity for specific oligosaccharide sequences, allowing them to recognise specific molecules. It has recently been proposed that glycosylated and amiloride-sensitive Na+/Ca++ channels (ENaCs) play a role in flow-induced endothelial responses. The purpose of this study is to isolate and characterise CELM GlcNac-binding lectins and establish their function in cardiac and vascular flow-induced effects because N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNac) is a significant component of glycocalyx oligosaccharides (i.e., hyaluronan (-4GlcUA1-3GlcNAc1-]n). For this, we developed a 460-kDa GlcNac polymer (GlcNac-Pol) with high affinity for GlcNac-recognizing lectins. GlcNac-Pol, which binds to CELM, is treated intracoronally to diminish flow-dependent positive inotropic and dromotropic effects in the heart. CELM was isolated using GlcNac-Pol as an affinity probe. There were at least 35 lectinic peptides produced by GlcNac-Pol-recognizing lectins, one of which was the -ENaC channel. GlcNac-Pol-induced activities and flow sensing may be mediated by some of these lectins. A flow-responsive and well-accepted model of endothelial-parenchymal paracrine interaction was also used, in which isolated blood arteries were perfused at constant flow rates. We discovered that GlcNac-Pol, nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indomethacin, amiloride, and hyaluronidase attached to the endothelium luminal membrane (ELM) inhibit flow-induced vasodilation (FIV). The effect of hyaluronidase was reversed by infusing soluble hyaluronan. GlcNac-Pol inhibits FIV by competing with intrinsic hyaluronan attached to a lectinic structure, such as the amiloride-sensitive ENaC, and displacing it, according to these findings. Nitric oxide and prostaglandins are thought to be FIV's paracrine mediators.

Author (S) Details

Juan Ramiro-Diaz

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Alma Barajas-Espinosa

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Erika Chi-Ahumada

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Sandra Perez-Aguilar

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

David Torres-Tirado

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Jesus Castillo-Hernandez

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Maureen Knabb

Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.

Ana Barba de la Rosa

Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Rafael Rubio

Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V3/article/view/3937

Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy: A Review | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide fetal growth and survival with the sole source of nutrition. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation are unknown, but it is linked to increased estrogen levels, which stimulate the production of specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilators in the uterine artery (UA). In UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, the classical ERs (ER and ER) and the plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed, mediating the estrogenic vasodilatory effects via genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the literature on UA ERs with a focus on their roles in mediating local UA production of vasodilators by estrogens and pregnancy, as well as to discuss the potential clinical implications of dysregulated ER-mediated estrogen signaling in hypertensive pregnancy complications. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens increases endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a role in uterine contraction. During pregnancy, vasodilation occurs. Local inhibition of NO biosynthesis, on the other hand, only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, implying that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. We review the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, as well as our recent work on a "new" UA vasodilator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has dramatically altered our understanding of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.

Author(s) Details

Jin Bai
Department of Obstetrics ans Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

Yan Li
Translational Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Dr. Ronald R. Magness
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Dong-bao Chen
Department of Obstetrics ans Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V8/article/view/1874