Investigating the In-vitro Anti-helminthic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

Background: Helminthiasis or worm infestation, is one of the most prevalent diseases. According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases are the main cause of death and the key agents of afflicting worldwide. Modern anti-helminthics have limited the effective control of the parasites due to a number of side effects and the development of resistance in helminths. This renewed the interest in screening medicinal plants for their anti-helminthic activity.

 

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the In vitro anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum.

 

Methods: Martynia annua and Pentanema indicum were collected from the local areas of the region of Chitharampoondi, Erode. Nine groups each containing three adult Indian earthworms (Phentanema posthuma) of approximately the same size were received into 20ml of the desired formulation. Group I was treated with normal saline and group II was treated with albendazole (20 mg/ml) in 1% w/v of CMC as standard and III, IV, and V groups were concentrations of hydroalcoholic extracts of Martynia annua L. 10, 20, 50 mg/ml and VI, VII and VIII group was concentrations of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pentanema indicum 10,20,50mg/ml in 1% w/v of CMC. The last ninth group was treated with a combination of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum (50 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml).

 

Results: Both the extracts show a dose-dependent reduction in paralysis and death time of the worm, the combination of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum 1:1 ratio extract was found to be more effective, especially at 50 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. The results were compared with the standard drug, Albendazole and it was found that both extracts were more effective than the selected standard drug.

 

Conclusion: The anti-helminthic activity of extracts was comparable to standard Albendazole, and could be effective against parasitic helminths of humans and animals. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenol in the extracts may be contributory to its anti-helminthic activity. Further study is required with the selected plant for the development of novel standardized anthelmintic herbal formulations.

 

Author (s) Details

Gayathiri N. M.
Department of Pharmacology, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637205, India.

 

Sudhakar P.

Department of Pharmacology, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637205, India.

 

Sabarinath C.
Department of Pharmacology, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637205, India.

 

Poorana Pushkalai S.
Department of Pharmacology, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637205, India.

Kalaivani H.
Department of Pharmacology, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637205, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v6/1588

In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of the Anthelmintic Efficacies of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava Bark Extracts Against Ascaridia galli of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) |Chapter 6| Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 3

Herbal medications still hold a significant place in local communities, particularly among small farm holders, mostly in resource-constrained areas. While technological advancements in animal medication rise and dominate these days, some associated issues, such as too much reliance on pharmaceuticals, may incubate unwanted drawbacks, including drug resistance and residuals in animal by-products. Thus, holistic treatment approaches to animals persist and are maintained, comprising the traditional uses of herbal plants, which have remained sustainable through the years.  This research aspires to bridge the gap between folklore and scientifically proven treatments, such as those synthetically prepared dewormers for commercialisation. This study assessed, via in vitro and in vivo assays, the anthelmintic activity of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava, which are among the collection of documented flora in the Philippines utilised by locals in their ethno-veterinary medicine practices. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation displayed time-dependent and concentration-dependent efficacies. Chrysophyllum cainito bark ethanolic extract (60mg/ml) recorded 94.65% egg-killing activity, whereas Psidium guajava bark ethanolic extract was 92.64% effective at 30mg/ml and 96.28% effective at 60mg/ml. The worm-killing activity of the former at 60mg/kg yielded 88.88%, while the latter elicited 88.88% and 94.44% mortalities to worms at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml, respectively. Probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC50) against eggs and worms was conducted at different magnitudes for both plants, inferring substantial anthelmintic action. The in vivo evaluation through faecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate indicates that both plants can effectively inhibit and kill gastrointestinal nematodes, as substantiated by the significant ovicidal and wormicidal activities. The generated findings herein can contribute to the broader field of sustainable animal health practices and advocacies as we rally against current pressing issues relating to food safety and public health.

 

Author (s) Details

Roel T. Calagui
College of Veterinary Medicine, Carig Campus, Cagayan State University, Tuguegarao City, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v3/5368

 

Phytoconstituents of Vitex negundo may be an Effective Alternative in Parasitic Infection in Humans| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

 This present study was acted to evaluate an active alternative over present medication against parasitical infection cruel. Vitex negundo (Family: Verbenaceae) is a useful drugs in Ayurveda and widely used by the ancestral people. The phytochemical protect of Vitex negundo (leaves &bark) extract  showed  the occupancy of phenolics and flavonoids, those are responsible for antiviral, uncontaminated, anti hypersensitive, antihypertensive, antiarrythmic, hepatoprotective, anti-angering effects in animals [1,2,3]. Our present studies was done on Pheretima posthuma model (Indian earthworm)to discover antiprotozoal effect).Three concentrations 10,20 & 40 mg/ml extracts of V.negundo (leaves and bark) were used for this study that involved the determination momentary of paralysis (vermifuge) and occasion of death (vermicidal endeavor) of the worms, where the aggregation of 40 mg/ml showed a meaningful anthelmintic activity. Observations were corresponding with the standard drug at aggregation of 10mg/ml.of piperizine citrate. Although more chemical in addition to clinical studies are necessary to exhibits determined its capability to become of main pharmacological interest.

Author(s) Details:

Sibaram Paria,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Subhasish Mondal,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V4/article/view/9305

Phytoconstituents of Vitex negundo may be an Effective Alternative in Parasitic Infection in Humans| Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

 This present study was acted to evaluate an persuasive alternative over present medication against parasitical infection cruel. Vitex negundo (Family: Verbenaceae) is a useful drugs in Ayurveda and widely used by the ancestral people. The phytochemical protect of Vitex negundo (leaves &bark) extract  showed  the ghost of phenolics and flavonoids, those are responsible for antiviral, completely clean, anti susceptible, antihypertensive, antiarrythmic, hepatoprotective, anti-angering effects in animals [1,2,3]. Our present studies was done on Pheretima posthuma model (Indian earthworm)to learn antiprotozoal effect).Three concentrations 10,20 & 40 mg/ml extracts of V.negundo (leaves and bark) were used for this study that involved the determination momentary of paralysis (vermifuge) and period of death (vermicidal exercise) of the worms, where the aggregation of 40 mg/ml showed a important anthelmintic activity. Observations were corresponding with the standard drug at aggregation of 10mg/ml.of piperizine citrate. Although more chemical in addition to clinical studies are necessary to exhibits resulted its aptitude to become of main pharmacological interest.

Author(s) Details:

Sibaram Paria,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Subhasish Mondal,
School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal 743368, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V4/article/view/9305

Determining the Anthelmintic Activity of Lindernia madayiparense against Indian Earthworms| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2

 The current study wanted to determine the anthelmintic venture of Lindernia madayiparense against Indian earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. Helminthiasis poses a serious risk to the public's energy and increases the incidence of pneumonia, eosinophilia, chlorosis, and malnutrition in underdeveloped countries. Decoction and continuous hot ancestry methods were used to form various extracts. To recognize the presence of phytochemical constituents, preliminary subjective analysis was acted on all L. madayiparanse extracts. The best anthelmintic activity between the studied extracts against earthworms was demonstrated for one ethanol extract, that was also outside limits other extracts at all concentrations and carefully matched the normal medication, albendazole. A dosage-dependent paralytic effect and organize of death were present effectively of the studied extracts. Certain results led to the theory that the existence of these subordinate metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, can be the cause of the observed anthelmintic activity.

Author(s) Details:

S. Umakrithika,
GITAM School of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be) University, Hyderabad, Telangana-500046, India.

Kannan Kamarajan,
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Prabal Kumar Manna,
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V2/article/view/9168