Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 on Regulating NF-κ B Pathway Related Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Thrombosis | Chapter 6 | Application of Probiotics in Exercise and Thrombosis Inhibition

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Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases continue to threaten the lives of humans, especially those of middle-aged adults and the elderly. Thrombosis is the main cause of death due to cardiovascular diseases, which includes chronic thrombosis and results in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, tissue softening, and necrosis. This study investigated the anti-thrombotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum KFY05 (LP-KFY05) and its underlying mechanism via the NF-κB pathway in a murine carrageenan-induced thrombosis model. Biochemical assays, microscopic examination, qPCR, and western blotting were employed to analyse serum and tissue parameters, while faecal microbial abundance was assessed to determine changes in gut microbiota composition. Results demonstrated that LP-KFY05 significantly reduced tail blackening in thrombotic mice (n=10 per group), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) level, and prothrombin time (PT). Furthermore, LP-KFY05 treatment lowered serum and renal tissue concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Histopathological analysis via hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that LP-KFY05 alleviated renal tissue injury and tail vein thrombosis. qPCR results indicated that LP-KFY05 downregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in renal tissues, as well as NF-κB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissues. Western blot analysis confirmed the downregulation of NF-κB protein expression in both renal and tail vein tissues. Additionally, LP-KFY05 increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the abundance of Firmicutes. In conclusion, LP-KFY05 effectively mitigates inflammation and inhibits thrombosis in mice, with high-dose LP-KFY05 exhibiting the most pronounced effects, comparable to those of the positive control drug dipyridamole. However, this study was conducted in a murine model, and further clinical investigations are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of LP-KFY05 in humans.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Shi Zeng
Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China.

 

Ruokun Yi
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Fang Tan
Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines.

 

Peng Sun
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Qiang Cheng
Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-9-6/CH6

Evaluating the Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 on Thrombosis | Chapter 5 | Application of Probiotics in Exercise and Thrombosis Inhibition

 

Thrombosis is a great threat to human health that has attracted increasing attention. Inflammation induces thrombosis, which further exacerbates inflammatory development, thus representing a vicious cycle called a thrombotic inflammatory response. This study established a murine thrombosis model using κ-carrageenan to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KSFY07 (LDSB-KSFY07) on thrombus formation and oxidative stress. Serum and liver tissue parameters, as well as intestinal microbiota composition, were assessed through biochemical assays, histopathological observation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and faecal microbial analysis. The results demonstrated that LDSB-KSFY07 significantly alleviated tail blackening in thrombotic mice, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and shortened thrombin time (TT), while reducing levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and prothrombin time (PT). Furthermore, LDSB-KSFY07 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in both serum and liver tissues of thrombotic mice. Histopathological examination revealed that LDSB-KSFY07 ameliorated liver tissue injury and reduced tail vein thrombus formation. At the molecular level, LDSB-KSFY07 up-regulated the mRNA expression of copper/zinc‑SOD (Cu/Zn‑SOD), manganese‑SOD (Mn‑SOD), and GSH‑Px in liver tissues. In contrast, it down-regulated the expression of NF‑κB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissues. Additionally, LDSB-KSFY07 increased plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and decreased tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression in cardiac and tail vein tissues. Faecal microbial analysis indicated that LDSB-KSFY07 modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the proportion of Firmicutes. In summary, LDSB-KSFY07 exhibited notable antithrombotic and antioxidant effects in this model, with higher concentrations showing efficacy comparable to that of heparin. These findings suggest its potential as a probiotic candidate for mitigating thrombosis and associated oxidative damage.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Pan Wang
Department of Traumatology, Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China.

 

Fang Tan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Hongjiang Chen
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Yanan Xu

Department of Traumatology, Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-9-6/CH5

 

Predictive Risk Assessment of D-Dimers and Troponin Levels of Thrombotic Events among COVID-19 Patients in a Community-Based Hospital, New York City |Chapter 9 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

 

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose an unprecedented challenge for the entire world and the healthcare system. The role of D-dimer and troponin-I as markers of thrombosis or procoagulant state in COVID-19 infection has been under investigation since the inception of this disease. Different theories have been proposed elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms attributing to high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 infection. Out of them, thrombosis and procoagulant state have managed to earn the maximum limelight. The main objective of our study was to assess the risk and occurrence of thrombotic events (both venous and arterial) among hospitalized patients including the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU admissions with confirmed COVID-19 infection. An observational study was conducted based on data from randomly selected 349 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection in a community-based hospital in New York City during the first wave of the COVID-19 viral surge in March 2020. Diagnoses were made during the inpatient clinical care, as screening for thrombotic events is not a standard method. The statistical analysis involved non-normally distributed continuous variables that were described as the median and interquartile range (IQR) while mean and standard deviation were used to describe normally distributed continuous variables. The primary outcome in our study was defined as the thrombotic events that included myocardial infarction (MI), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and pulmonary embolism (PE). The study correlated the association of thrombotic events with the level of biomarkers of interest: D-dimer >1000 ng/ml, troponin-I >1 ng/ml, or both. The association of D-dimers and troponin-I with thrombotic events was measured using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression analysis. Out of a total of 349 patients, 78 patients (22.35%) were found to have elevated biomarkers (D-dimer >1000 ng/ml and/or troponin-I >1 ng/ml) and were categorized as a high-risk group. Eighty-nine patients developed thrombotic complications (evidence of more than one thrombotic event was found in several patients). Two-hundred seventy-one (77.65%) patients had no documentation of thrombosis. The in-patient mortality rate among patients in our study group, with a high risk of thrombotic events was 44.87% (35/78) as compared to 38.80% (104/271) in patients without any thrombotic events. The incidence of thrombotic events included myocardial infarction (MI; N=45; 12.8%), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA; N=16; 4.5%), deep venous thrombosis (DVT; N=16; 4.5%), and pulmonary embolism (PE; N=9; 2.57%). The lack of prior immunity to COVID-19 has resulted in large numbers of infected patients across the globe and uncertainty regarding the management of the complications that arise in the course of this viral illness. Although D-dimer, sepsis, and microvascular thrombosis are associated with mortality, current data are inconclusive for the use of therapeutic doses of anticoagulation for these findings. With the resurgence of the COVID-19 wave, it is imperative to focus on optimal diagnostic and prophylactic strategies to prevent thromboembolic events and potentially improve survival in COVID-19 patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Ruchi Yadav
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Beka Aroshidze
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Vivek Yadav
Pulmonary and Critical Care, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, USA.

 

Umar Zahid
Nephrology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Apoorva Jayarangaiah
Internal Medicine, New York City (NYC) Health and Hospitals/Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, USA.

 

Anjula Gandhi
Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Vladimir Gotlieb
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/1997

Association between Pulmonary Embolism and Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Chapter 14 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 We present a case of mutual pulmonary embolism in a active female with source of nourishment B12 deficiency to further support the vicinity a causal connection. The patient developed liberal dyspnea and fatigue of four days. She had heart attack, tachypnea, and hypotension. CTPA showed mutual PE. Her labs excluded added causes of thrombosis. On discharge, the patient was exceptionally stable and afebrile, and her hemoglobin was resistant. She was given warfarin and make inquiries with hematology. We decided that vitamin B12 inadequacy causes elevation in homocysteine levels. This can influence the endothelium and platelets and result in raised risk of thromboses.

Author(s) Details:

Abdulkareem A. Jaragh,
Department of Internal Medicine, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait.

Naser Alhadhood,
Department of Rheumatology, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V4/article/view/10717

Surgical Management of a Misdiagnosed Completely Thrombosed Giant Cerebral Aneurysm Mimicking a Cystic Echinococcosis | Chapter 4 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 11

 Completely thrombosed large cerebral aneurysms are uncommon lesions that can occasionally be misinterpreted as something else because of unusual radiological characteristics. For the optimum surgical strategy and removal of the lesion, it is essential to consider enormous spherical intracerebral masses as a differential diagnosis in every situation. In this uncommon instance, we demonstrate how even highly advanced imaging could not reliably identify this uncommon entity and allow for preoperative surgical planning. This example also demonstrates how crucial it is that these lesions be surgically managed when done at a busy neurosurgical vascular centre by a skilled vascular neurosurgeon.

Author(s) Details:

Mehdi Chihi,
Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Ulrich Sure,
Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V11/article/view/8028

Studies on Antiphospholipid Syndrome | Chapter 18 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Antiphospholidid syndrome (APS) is a rare and poorly understood clinical disease that can have serious implications. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is what distinguishes it (aPL). These autoantibodies are directed towards plasma proteins having a high affinity for anionic phospholipids, rather than anionic phospholipids themselves. Arterial and venous thrombosis, as well as pregnant morbidity, are the most common symptoms. Catastrophic APS and immune thrombocytopenia are two further symptoms. Antibodies to lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-2-glycoprotein I (a-2GPI) are among the laboratory tests used to look for aPL. Individuals who have positive results for all three laboratory tests (triple positivity) are at the highest risk for a first thrombotic event and recurrence. Thrombotic recurrences are prevented by long-term anticoagulant therapy with warfarin.

Author (S) Details

Cacciola Rossella
University of Catania, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Haemostasis Unit, Ferrarotto Hospital, Via S. Citelli 6, 95124 Catania, Italy.

Gentilini Cacciola Elio
Haemostasis Unit, University of Catania, Italy.

Cacciola Emma
Haemostasis Unit, University of Catania, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V6/article/view/2776