Vegetarian Diet, Ayurveda and an Integrative Nutrition Science | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 7

The type of diet, i.e., vegetarian and non-vegetarian, has always been in a perplexing state among health-seekers as well as health care professionals. Nevertheless, vegetarianism and veganism diets are growing rapidly in popularity not only because of perceived health benefits, but also because of social justice and sustainability concerns. Two recent studies of the health effects of vegetarian diets reported conflicting results: the EPIC-Oxford study reported a significant increase in strokes among vegetarians compared to meat-eaters among a predominantly Caucasian cohort, while another, performed on Taiwanese Buddhists, reported significantly lower incidence of strokes among vegetarians. This was doubly puzzling given the pronounced decrease in cardiovascular events among the EPIC-Oxford group. In this article, we make a detailed comparison of the actual dietary intake of various food groups by the cohorts in these studies. We then use the nutritional principles of Ayurveda—traditional Indian medicine—to show how these apparently contradictory results may be explained. Systems of traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda, possess profound knowledge of the effects of food on physiology. Ayurveda extensively describes the effects of different foods on the body’s physiology, including meats and other non-vegetarian foods, which it actively recommends in certain conditions. Looking at the dietary intakes reported in this study from an Ayurvedic perspective is therefore informative. Ayurveda takes into account not just the type of food, but also multiple other factors such as taste, temperature, and time of consumption. Traditional cuisines have evolved hand in hand with such systems of medicine to optimise nutrition in the context of local climate and food availability. Harnessing the experiential wisdom of these traditional systems to create an integrative nutrition science would help fight the ongoing epidemic of chronic lifestyle diseases and improve health and wellness. Hence, Ayurveda is a promising weapon against chronic disease. Its extensive experience with holistic nutrition, together with that of other traditional systems of medicine, should be harnessed to create an integrative nutrition science to promote health and well-being.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Archana Purushotham
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine & Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

 

Alex Hankey
School of Biology, Faculty of Science, MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/5665

 

Predictive Risk Assessment of D-Dimers and Troponin Levels of Thrombotic Events among COVID-19 Patients in a Community-Based Hospital, New York City |Chapter 9 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

 

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose an unprecedented challenge for the entire world and the healthcare system. The role of D-dimer and troponin-I as markers of thrombosis or procoagulant state in COVID-19 infection has been under investigation since the inception of this disease. Different theories have been proposed elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms attributing to high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 infection. Out of them, thrombosis and procoagulant state have managed to earn the maximum limelight. The main objective of our study was to assess the risk and occurrence of thrombotic events (both venous and arterial) among hospitalized patients including the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU admissions with confirmed COVID-19 infection. An observational study was conducted based on data from randomly selected 349 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection in a community-based hospital in New York City during the first wave of the COVID-19 viral surge in March 2020. Diagnoses were made during the inpatient clinical care, as screening for thrombotic events is not a standard method. The statistical analysis involved non-normally distributed continuous variables that were described as the median and interquartile range (IQR) while mean and standard deviation were used to describe normally distributed continuous variables. The primary outcome in our study was defined as the thrombotic events that included myocardial infarction (MI), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and pulmonary embolism (PE). The study correlated the association of thrombotic events with the level of biomarkers of interest: D-dimer >1000 ng/ml, troponin-I >1 ng/ml, or both. The association of D-dimers and troponin-I with thrombotic events was measured using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression analysis. Out of a total of 349 patients, 78 patients (22.35%) were found to have elevated biomarkers (D-dimer >1000 ng/ml and/or troponin-I >1 ng/ml) and were categorized as a high-risk group. Eighty-nine patients developed thrombotic complications (evidence of more than one thrombotic event was found in several patients). Two-hundred seventy-one (77.65%) patients had no documentation of thrombosis. The in-patient mortality rate among patients in our study group, with a high risk of thrombotic events was 44.87% (35/78) as compared to 38.80% (104/271) in patients without any thrombotic events. The incidence of thrombotic events included myocardial infarction (MI; N=45; 12.8%), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA; N=16; 4.5%), deep venous thrombosis (DVT; N=16; 4.5%), and pulmonary embolism (PE; N=9; 2.57%). The lack of prior immunity to COVID-19 has resulted in large numbers of infected patients across the globe and uncertainty regarding the management of the complications that arise in the course of this viral illness. Although D-dimer, sepsis, and microvascular thrombosis are associated with mortality, current data are inconclusive for the use of therapeutic doses of anticoagulation for these findings. With the resurgence of the COVID-19 wave, it is imperative to focus on optimal diagnostic and prophylactic strategies to prevent thromboembolic events and potentially improve survival in COVID-19 patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Ruchi Yadav
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Beka Aroshidze
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Vivek Yadav
Pulmonary and Critical Care, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, USA.

 

Umar Zahid
Nephrology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Apoorva Jayarangaiah
Internal Medicine, New York City (NYC) Health and Hospitals/Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, USA.

 

Anjula Gandhi
Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Vladimir Gotlieb
Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/1997

Association between Stroke Prevalence and PM2.5: Classical and Spatial Regression Analyses Using Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and 500 Cities Project Data | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 10

This chapter assesses the association between adult stroke mortality prevalence rate and long-term exposure to PM_2.5 (ambient air pollution of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of _2.5 μm or less) adjusting for unhealthy lifestyles and other health conditions. Health data, based on 2017 or 2016 model-based small area estimates of chronic disease, was obtained from the “500 Cities Project” 2019 release. PM_2.5 data for the year 2016 was acquired from the “The Global Annual PM_2.5 Grids from MODIS, MISR and SeaWiFS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), V4.03 (1998-2019)” datasets. Average PM_2.5 was calculated for each city using a GIS zonal statistics function. First, classic ordinary least (OLS) square regression modeling (univariate linear regression, and a multivariate linear regression model fitted using a generalized linear model via penalized maximum likelihood). However, Moran’s I test found significant positive spatial autocorrelation with stroke data, PM_2.5, and the residues of the OLS multilinear regression model, which makes the OLS modeling unreliable. Therefore, two spatial regression models (spatial lag and spatial error) were further run to account for the spatial dependence. Both models have successfully explained away spatial dependency. The spatial error model has much better goodness-of-fit than the spatial lag model as indicated by the higher log-likelihood, lower Akaike info criterion (AIC), and lower Schwartz criterion. The spatial error model found that long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 may increase the risk of stroke and that increasing physical activity, reducing smoking and body weight, enough sleep, and controlling diseases such as blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cholesterol, may mitigate the effect.

 

Author (s) Details

Z. Hu
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v10/1060

Prophylactic and Curative Health Services for Stroke and Its Comorbidities | Chapter 4 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 2

Stroke, characterized by acute, focal neurological deficits, results from vascular injury leading to infarction or hemorrhage in the central nervous system. It is a major global health concern, ranking as the second most common cause of death in middle-to-high-income countries and the primary cause of acquired physical disability in adults worldwide. Incidence rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke have risen, with low-income countries bearing a significant burden of stroke-related disability-adjusted life years and deaths. In India, the death rate has been noted around 44 per 1,00,000 in the year 1990 and has increased to 55 per 1,00,000 in the year 2021. The number of stroke attacks each year is around 1,85,000. Ischemic stroke is caused by arterial occlusion due to various etiologies, while hemorrhagic stroke involves blood vessel rupture. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques and clinical assessments. Stroke risk factors are categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle habits. Nutritional factors and dietary patterns also influence stroke risk. Management strategies encompass acute interventions, rehabilitation, and preventive measures targeting risk factors. Multidisciplinary approaches involving healthcare professionals are essential for minimizing brain damage, optimizing recovery, and preventing recurrent strokes. Effective stroke management aims to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of this debilitating condition. The scope of knowing prophylactic and curative health services for stroke and its comorbidities involves a multidisciplinary approach encompassing prevention, acute care, rehabilitation, and long-term management strategies. Effective management requires collaboration among healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers to optimize outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by stroke.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Karra Geetha
Department of Pharmaceutics, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India.

 

Kandi Sandhya Devi
Department of Pharm D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India.

 

Madhavaneni Shishla
Department of Pharm D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India.

 

Atchula SriPriya
Department of Pharm D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India.

T. Rama Rao
Department of Chemistry, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v2/3331

The Role of Ionic Correction in Stroke Management: A Comparative Case Study | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Aims: The aim of the study is to study the effect of the level of body ions on the physical and psychological functional recovery in patients recovering from ischemic brain stroke.

Study Design: This is a comparative case study of 2 patients who suffered an ischemic stroke, where one patient is been given conventional treatment which involves pharmacological therapy with physiotherapy(control) and the other patient takes the above-mentioned things along with ionic correction. (experimental).

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of pain and rehabilitation, centre Hospitalier international de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo between May 16^th 2020 and July 1^st 2020.

Methodology: This is a follow-up study of two patients with ischemic stroke associated. The first had received physiotherapy with foods having required ions and minerals for correction of the existing ionic and mineral deficiency and the second had only received pharmacological management with conservative physiotherapy without making a change in diet. Clinical and electrolyte monitoring was performed at regular intervals in both patients. The variables of interest evaluated in both patients were FIM, MOTOR/SENSORY and Ionic balance through blood investigation.

Results: Parameters utilized in this study like FIM, motor and sensory functions, and cognitive functions were studied in control and experimental subjects and seen that levels of ions like na²⁺, k⁺, and ca²⁺ have varied a lot during the period of study between the two patients. In experimental subjects, these ion levels were maintained and increased during the study resulting in drastic improvement in their psychophysical status while the control group where these ions dropped resulted in deterioration of all faculties.

Conclusion: The results show that ionic balance is a very important aspect in the management of patients who are affected by brain stroke, it can bring faster recovery if associated with other treatments like conventional physiotherapy and pharmacological management.

 

Author (s) Details

Charan Gutala
Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier International de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v8/2980

Comparison Process of in-Patient Versus Out of Hospital Stroke Onset of Metricsina Community Primary Stroke Center | Chapter 10 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

Objective: The present study examines in-hospital stroke onset metrics and outcomes, quality of care, and mortality compared with out-of-hospital stroke in a single community-based primary stroke center.

Background: In-hospital stroke vs OHS comparisons of demographic characteristics, hospital characteristics, immediate treatment with thrombolysis therapy, and mortality have been found to favor OHS cohorts in multiple studies.

Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients for whom an IHS stroke alert occurred during admission to our hospital between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019. Time-sensitive stroke process metric data were collected for each incident stroke alert. The primary focus of interest was the time-sensitive stroke quality metrics. The secondary focus pertained to thrombolysis treatment or complications, and mortality. Descriptive and univariable statistical analyses were applied. Kruskal-Wallis and c2 tests were used to compare median values and categorical data between prespecified groups. The statistical significance was set at p<.05.

Results: The out-of-hospital group reported a more favorable response to time-sensitive stroke process

metrics than the in-hospital group, as measured by median stroke team response time (15.0 vs 26.0 minutes; P≤.0001) and median head computed tomography scan completion time (12.0 vs 41.0 minutes; p<.0001). There was no difference in the stroke alert time between the 2 groups (14.0 vs 8.0 minutes; p .99). Longer hospital length of stay (4 vs 3 days; p.0001) and increased hospital mortality (19.3% vs 7.4%; p.001) were observed for the in-hospital group. The association between time-sensitive stroke process metrics and outcomes, such as hospital mortality and hospital length of stay, in the IHS cohort may be co-founded by higher baseline comorbidities, a higher risk of hospital complications, lower eligibility, and a higher number of contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis therapy and thrombectomy in the IHS cohort.

Conclusions: It is revealed that the out-of-hospital groups' time-sensitive stroke process metrics and stroke outcome measures outperformed the in-hospital groups'. Enhancing time-sensitive stroke process indicators could lead to better outcomes for the stroke cohort receiving care in hospitals.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Felix E Chukwudelunzu
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA.

 

Bart Demaerschalk
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Leonardo, Fugoso
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA.

 

Emeka, Amadi
Department of Medicine, Section Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA.

 

Donn, Dexter
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA.

 

Angela, Gullicksrud
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA.

 

Clinton, Hagen
Program of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota. USA.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v5/12660F

Incidence and Outcome of Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Medical ICU Patients: An Observational Descriptive Study | Chapter 10 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias are a common occurrence among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can have significant implications for their health outcomes. Among these arrhythmias, supraventricular cardiac arrhythmic tachycardia, particularly atrial fibrillation, is increasing in incidence and manifests across a range of medical and surgical settings [1]. In medical patients, the incidence ranges from 1% to 46%. In patients with sepsis, the incidence of acute AF varies with the severity of sepsis, with an incidence of 8% to 10% in sepsis, 6% to 22% in severe sepsis, and 23% to 44% in septic shock [2-6]. The development of cardiac arrhythmias in critically ill patients poses a substantial risk to both morbidity and mortality [3–6].

Aim: To study the incidence and outcome of new-onset atrial fibrillation in medical ICU patients.

Materials and Methods: New-onset atrial fibrillation was noted in patients who were admitted to the medical ICU with normal ECG and later on developed atrial fibrillation.

Results: A total of 420 patients were observed for 24 hours with continuous ECG monitoring. Among 420 patients, 68 developed new-onset arrhythmias. Out of 420 patients, 21 developed atrial fibrillation (5%). AF is more common in the population with pre-existing cardiac illness (76.1%). Among non-cardiac illnesses, pneumonia was the leading cause,12(57.1%) patients expired and 9 (42.8%) patients were discharged. Out of the discharged patients 5 patients still had persisting AF (45.4%).

Conclusion: It has been observed that there is an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients. AF is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Early detection and treatment can change disease outcomes. Hence, 24-hour ECG monitoring should be done in critically ill patients. The majority of individuals who survive acute illness and develop new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) experience AF symptoms after being discharged from the hospital and may face higher long-term risks of heart failure, ischemic stroke, and mortality. There are no evidence-based guidelines or expert consensus documents on the management of NOAF. To address these uncertainties, well-designed multicentred, prospective randomized trials are necessary.

Author(s) Details:

Jyoti Prakash,
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V4/article/view/13180

Prediction and Classification Machine Learning Models in Diabetic Studies | Chapter 9 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Diabetes is one of the major health problems globally. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that causes various complications such as stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcer, retinopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, and many more. Timely predictions and classifying of the diabetes problem will help to prevent diabetes. There is various machine-learning approach that can be used to predict and classify diabetes problem in the general population. The diabetes prediction and classification process can help to further improve the disease. This paper will discuss the machine learning applications and steps to understanding the concepts. The purpose of this paper framework is to early prediction and classification of diabetes to reduce stress and save human life, and financial burden.

Author(s) Details:

Rakesh Kumar Saroj,
School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Kanchan Yadav,
Department of Community Medicine, SMIMS-Sikkim Manipal University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12727

Effects of a Single Session of Whole Body Vibration on Stroke Symptoms: A Pilot Study | Chapter 12 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This episode aims to examine the influence of a single gathering with lower request repetitions of WBV on processing speed, backlash time, balance and adaptability in stroke patients.Physiotherapy and ancestry thinners are the main treatments for the engine aftereffects of a stroke. Studies conducted accompanying various patient groups fully body quivering exercise healing demonstrate beneficial outcomes accompanying just one request. Whole body quivering therapy is still not continually very successful in stroke sufferers.A alone session of 6 or 12 Hz of whole material vibration has a helpful effect on processing speed, backlash, flexibility, and balance in stroke cases.Nine stroke patients (age 65.66 ± 8.35 age, mean time past because stroke 11.53 ± 9.58 months) and five healthful peers (age 69.20 ± 5.81 years) were each randomized in two groups bear hardship whole body quivering at 6 and 12 Hz, respectively. Before and following in position or time the treatment of 5 x 60 seconds accompanying a break of 60 seconds between each set, the Digit Symbol Test, Ruler Drop Test, Sit & Reach, One Leg Stance, and a force plate calculation were performed.There is sameness between 6 and 12 Hz situation groups and no interplay effect for factor period*group. Therefore the results of both groups (6 and 12 Hz stroke inmates vs. 6 and 12 Hz healthy) are summed up in each case. Here, in the Digit Symbol Test, significant belongings are found for the determinants time, group and interplay period*group. In the one limb stance, a important effect for group is visible, in the Sit & Reach a meaningful effect for group and time.A distinct session of WBV accompanying lower application recurrences (6/12 Hz) can have a positive effect on the dispose of speed and elasticity of stroke patients. Nevertheless, further studies must try to cultivate an optimal preparation protocol for this patient group.

Author(s) Details:

Andrea Dincher,
Institute for Sports Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Germany and Sports Sciences Institute, Saarland University, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12564

The Effect of Free Radical Scavenger N-Tert-Butyl- α-Phenylnitrone (PBN): A study on A Stroke Model Rat | Chapter 7 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 In the study, M-SHRSP was dosed with PBN in inhaling water to see by virtue of what it affected spontaneous stroke in rats. In addition to weighing water intake and material weight, changes in HR, DBP, SBP, and locomotor activity were again observed utilizing a telemetric system. To explore the belongings of the radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) on stroke, we secondhand malignant stroke-prone instinctively hypertensive rats (M-SHRSP) as a stroke model. M-SHRSP received PBN executed by drinking water. In addition to measuring water consumption and body pressure, the M-SHRSP's circadian cycles of essence rate, blood pressure, and engine activity were also noticed. Stroke-onset was assessed by changes in affecting animate nerve organs symptoms, water consumption, and body weight. Circadian music were basically the alike between PBN-treated and control rats various days after stroke beginning. Blood pressure, heart rate, relative brain pressure, water intake, and engine activity were all significantly various between two together groups. Because of this, there was no discernible dissimilarity in the age at which strokes started between PBN-treated and control rats, when in fact PBN-treated rats had more protracted average lifespans. PBN could be useful in reaching life.

Author(s) Details:

Kieko Saito,
Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.

Masahiko Ikeda,
Faculty of Social Environment, Tokoha University, Yayoi, Shizuoka 422-8581, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V9/article/view/11902

Acute Ischemic Stroke in Covid 19 | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Corona bug disease (Covid 19) is an catching disease caused by Sars-cov2 bug. It mostly influences the respiratory system, developing in fever, hacking, and shortness of respite. However, the central nervous system can also experience.  Some COVID-19 patients have exhibited extensive neurological proofs including stroke. Several methods related to immune-arbitrated thrombosis and the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in intelligence tissue may influence the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in patients accompanying COVID-19. Recent studies suggest that the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated for one binding of the spike glycoprotein of the bug to the angiotensin-converting catalyst 2 (ACE2) on cellular membranes. ACE2 is expressed in various tissues including body part alveolar cells, gastrointestinal tissue, and intellect. The aim of this case report search out provide understandings into the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological machines of stroke in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 can unhappy-regulate ACE2 and, in turn, overactivate the classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) arbor and decrease the activation of the alternative RAS road in the brain. The consequent inequality in vasodilation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombotic response concede possibility contribute to the pathophysiology of stroke during SARS-CoV-2 contamination. The neuropilin (NRP-1) which is a co-receptor for the vascular endothelial progress factor (VEGF), integrins, and plexins, is complicated in the pathogenesis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. When examining a patient who has affecting animate nerve organs manifestations, clinicians must use a exact approach. To lessen post-covid neurological sequelae, the affecting animate nerve organs disease of COVID 19 must be pronounced and treated early.

Author(s) Details:

T. R. Mamatha,
Department of General Medicine, ESIMC PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 560 010, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V2/article/view/11197

Therapeutic Dilemmas in Acute Ischemic Strokes and Concomitant Cardiac Thromboembolism: Case Series | Chapter 15 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anticoagulation remedy in cases with cerebral ischemic events caused by cardiac emboli is no longer debatable. The issue is deciding when to begin. Because of a rush rate of 15 to 20 in the first many weeks after the original event, direct anticoagulation with intravenous heparin followed by oral anticoagulants appears to be indicated. The ideal of this study is about managing cases with acute ischemic strokes and pitfalls of development of embolic events taking into account the pitfalls of hemorrhagic complications while treating them. We present two cases of cases who had a cardio- embolic stroke due to cardiac thrombosis and were in a remedial double bind about when to begin anticoagulation treatment. Beforehand anticoagulation treatment was associated with favourable clinical and neurological issues.

Author(s) Details:

Rajish Sanjit Kumar Shil,
Health Education England, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Mohamed Salah Gamea,
Department of Neurology, Madinat Zayed Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Noor Ullah Hussaini Mohammed,
Department of Neurology, Madinat Zayed Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Renganathan Radhakrishnan,
Czech Rehabilitation Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V3/article/view/8389

A Case Report on Carotid Artery Dissection in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria

 

 Strokes in kids have their own the study of disease transmission and etiology, and they are regularly misdiagnosed. They display some gamble factors that should be perceived, similar as the grown-up populace. There are a few unique aetiologies and morphologies related with cerebral arteriopathies as the reason for pediatric ischemic stroke.

We report the instance of a 5‐year‐old patient with HGP (missense change — once more — c.1822G > An in heterozygosis, LMNA quality). The patient was recognized during the principal year of life and had clear phenotypical attributes. There were no extra relevant comorbidities. Right hemiparesis with no less than four hours of development, the failure to open the hand, and a minor decrease in cognizance (pedNIHSS 5-6) prompted his admission to the trauma center. Angio-and cranial-CT filters uncovered proof reminiscent of left carotid analyzation. On anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, arrangement was gotten on the utilization of moderate clinical administration. The right lower appendage hemiparesis and hand paresis both settled inside the initial not many days of the patient's treatment, and one month following release.

Carotid analyzation is demonstrated by the clinical side effects, the hereditary change's vascular aggregate, and the situating of the radiological discoveries on a specific vascular morphology. Unconstrained analyzations happen under an inclining risk variable or sickness and are a surprising finding in patients with Hutchinson-Gilford's Progeria.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Soledad Brage Gomez,
Department of Radiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, Spain.

Víctor González-Maestro,
Department of Radiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, Spain.

Einés Monteagudo-Vilavedra,
Department of Paediatrics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, Spain.

Marta Lendoiro-Fuentes,
Department of Paediatrics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, Spain.

Elena Maside Mino,
Department of Paediatrics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Sergas, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V7/article/view/7838

Upper Limb Recovery and Brain Activities for Mirror Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation | Chapter 14 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 MT has been utilised to treat a variety of neurological conditions. The use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the MT study has recently allowed researchers to obtain insight into the changes in brain activity that occur during treatment. The goal of this study is to map available evidence and identify knowledge gaps on the effects of MT on upper limb recovery and its link to brainwave activity in post-stroke patients. A scoping review was undertaken utilising the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases to conduct a systematic literature search. The inclusion criteria were met by twenty papers published between 2010 and 2020. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, the effectiveness of MT on upper limb rehabilitation and brain activity during MT were discussed (ICF). The majority of studies found that MT improved upper limb recovery in the body structure/functional domain. EEG was employed in all of the experiments to track brain activity during MT. MT appears to be a promising strategy for improving upper-limb function in those who have had a persistent stroke. This review also emphasises the importance of include EEG in the MT study to capture brain activity and better understand the therapy's underlying mechanism.

Author(S) Details

Nurulhuda Jaafar
Centre for Occupational Therapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Ahmad Zamir Che Daud
Centre for Occupational Therapy Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Nor Faridah Ahmad Roslan
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

Wahidah Mansor
Microwave Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia and Computational Intelligence Detection, Health & Wellness ReNeU, UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6601

Sleep Disorders and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review | Chapter 16 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Sleep is a physiological process that happens to everyone. Approximately one-third of a person's life is spent sleeping. Sleeping for 7-9 hours a day, falling asleep effortlessly and staying asleep without interruption, waking up feeling refreshed, and remaining awake during the day are all signs of restorative sleep. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, hypersomnolence, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, can occur as a result of abnormalities. Breathing problems can also cause sleep fragmentation. All across the world, sleep disturbances are frequent. They're frequently linked to various health issues like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and psychological diseases. They also have a variety of behavioural issues. They are less productive, have more accidents, and are absent from work more frequently. Overall, these patients have a lower sense of well-being and a lower quality of life. Sleep disturbances are also linked to an increased risk of death. Chronic sleep deprivation costs the economy a lot of money. Inadequate sleep is also firmly linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death), peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction are all major cardiovascular illnesses. Sleep deprivation plays a role in the aetiology of all of these diseases. The link between sleep and cardiovascular disease is frequently bidirectional. Restorative sleep may be hindered by cardiac problems, particularly during intensive care hospitalisation. In the drive to improve worldwide cardiovascular health, maintaining a regular sleep routine and treating sleep-related problems are significant goals. The implications of sleep problems on cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this paper.

Author(S) Details

Shashi K. Agarwal
Center for Contemporary and Complementary Cardiology, 2227 US Highway 1, Suite 309, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5037

Determining the Effect of a Care Bundle for Hypertension Control on the Health Outcomes of Hypertensive Patients with Stroke Risk | Chapter 11 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

 Background: Care bundles are made up of three to five evidence-based practises that must be given in a coordinated and consistent manner to improve patient health outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine the amount of stroke risk in hypertensive patients, evaluate the efficacy of a hypertension management care bundle on health outcomes in hypertensive patients with stroke risk, and identify parameters associated with the effect of care bundles on hypertensive patients. In this work, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The research was carried out in medical outpatient clinics of government and health insurance facilities in Port Said. A purposive sample of 105 patients was included in the study. Instruments: A structured interview was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and medical histories of patients, a stroke risk assessment screening tool was used to determine stroke risk among hypertensive patients, and clinical measures such as pulse, blood pressure, BMI, serum cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar were used to collect data. Results: The study found significant differences in clinical measures such as systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control, with P-values of 0.000, 0.000, and 0.002, respectively, between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control. Nearly two-thirds of hypertension individuals in the study group, on the other hand, were at intermediate risk of stroke, while the rest were at severe risk. Conclusion: The current study found that providing hypertensive stroke patients with a care package for hypertension control could enhance their clinical parameters significantly. The care bundle consists of a collection of interconnected evidence-based guidelines, with one guideline influencing another, such as proper foods for hypertension patients resulting in weight loss and increased physical activity. However, more research on a larger sample of hypertensive patients, both with and without a risk of stroke, is needed.

Author(S) Details

Azza Anwar Aly
Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Egypt and Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Ibn Sina National Collegefor Medical Studies, KSA. 

Eman Saleh Shahin
Department of Medical, Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V15/article/view/5012

Stroke in Individuals Less than 45 Years of Age: A Prospective Study | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 To evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and aetiology of stroke in people aged 15 to 45 years. Stroke is the most prevalent neurological disorder that results in disability and morbidity. From October 2018 to June 2020, all young patients aged 15 to 45 years who were hospitalised to Kasturba hospital in Manipal with ischemic strokes (based on CT or MRI brain scan) were enrolled in this prospective trial after providing prior informed consent. Each subject was thoroughly checked and scored using a standard proforma. There were 74 young stroke patients out of 332 total ischemic stroke patients hospitalised during the study period, with smoking (40.5%), hypertension (33.8%), diabetes (17.6%), and previous heart disease (14.8%) being the most common risk factors. In this investigation, the aetiology of young stroke patients was identified in 46 (62.1%) of cases, whereas no cause was established in 28 cases (37.8 percent ). Because the majority of the risk factors are changeable, there is a lot of room for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in the young, and a real effort should be made to identify the risk factors and aetiology in such cases.

Author (S) Details

Kollipara Sumanth

Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.

B. A. Shastry

Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V5/article/view/4187

Study on White Shark Protein Metabolism Model to Improve the Outcome of Cytotoxic Brain Tissue Edema and Cognitive Deficiency after Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke | Chapter 6 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

Increased intracellular water content, also known as cytotoxic brain tissue edoema, is a significant subsequent clinical consequence of TBI and stroke that occurs without awareness of the aetiology. Recently, a theory for nervous tissue edoema was proposed, claiming that protein unfolding was triggered by external dynamic and internal mechanical static impact forces, resulting in an increase in brain tissue water content. Computer simulation testing backed up the hypothesis. In this laboratory investigation, we tested the concept further by examining the effects of both dynamic and static impact forces on the mature protein laminin LN521. Because of its widespread and abundant presence in cells, laminin was chosen as a representative protein. Denatured electrophoresis and electron microscopy were used to examine the treated laminin solutions, which revealed aggregation and fragmentation of the laminin structures. The current findings back up an earlier idea and computer simulation, indicating for the first time that dynamic impact force in an accident and increased mechanical static force in a stroke can cause mature proteins to unfold, potentially causing cytotoxic brain tissue edoema. The clinical situation is similar to what happens in the deep water when elasmobranchs, such as white sharks, protect their cells from too much hydrostatic pressure. As a result, the findings of the current laboratory investigation, as well as knowledge from marine physics, could be used to improve clinical treatment and outcomes for TBI and stroke patients.

Author (S) Details

Hans von Holst

Section of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden and Section of Research, MIPS Company, Sweden.

Pasi Purhonen

Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.

Daniel Lanner

Section of Research, MIPS Company, Sweden.

Ramakrishnan Balakrishnan Kumar

Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden. 

Hans Hebert

Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V15/article/view/3866

Clinical Applications of Machine Learning in Stroke Care | Chapter 4 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in the world. Machine learning (ML) technologies have been progressively used in stroke therapy in recent years. This study looked at studies that used machine learning in stroke care to give a broad overview of the subject. Automatically examining carotid plaques (for stroke risk stratification), detecting stroke lesions on imaging, identifying possible treatment complications in patients, facilitating brain-computer-interface (BCI)-assisted rehabilitation, and predicting stroke prognosis have all been made possible thanks to advances in machine learning techniques. In domains like evaluating carotid intima-media thickness and diagnosing early damage of ischemic stroke using CT imaging, certain machine learning applications outperform doctors. Furthermore, ML applications in clinical outcome prediction perform similarly to or better than the traditional method of logistic regression. However, issues such as automated lesion segmentation, BCI-assisted rehabilitation, and long-term stroke prognosis prediction remain obstacles. Deep learning and other recently developed machine learning technologies may be helpful in overcoming the issues. To make these ML methods more accurate, generalizable, and dependable, more research is needed to test and optimise these ML applications, as well as large-sample studies and proper validation. As the need for precision medicine in stroke grows and machine learning technology advances, it is expected that machine learning applications will be released to improve computer-aided stroke prevention and transform traditional stroke medicine into data-driven personalised stroke management, which will lower morbidity and mortality rates, improve stroke care, and save lives.

Author (S) Details

Jing Zhang
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3107

A Prospective Assessment of Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients of Government General Hospital Nalgonda | Chapter 19 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

 Stroke is the second greatest cause of death and a major source of disability in the world. Stroke is a medical emergency that necessitates hospitalisation right away in order to treat and save lives. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors for stroke in patients at the Government General Hospital in Nalgonda. A prospective study was conducted on patients at the District Hospital in Nalgonda from December 2018 to April 2019. All stroke patients were checked in the hospital for their age and gender. Results: A total of 100 stroke patients took part in the trial. The 100 patients included 80 ischemic stroke patients and 20 haemorrhagic stroke patients. Males were responsible for 64% of all strokes. Females had 36%, whereas males had 36%. The average age of those involved in this occurrence was 50 years old. In 72 patients, age was found to be the most common predisposing factor for stroke, followed by hypertension in 65 cases, diabetes in 45 cases, smoking in 40 cases, alcohol in 50 cases, hypercholestrolemia in 35 cases, and others in 30 cases. Conclusion: Senility, as well as a lack of knowledge of concurrent conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, is a risk factor for stroke, according to this study.

Author (s) Details

C. Yadavendra Reddy
Government General Hospital, Nalgonda, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V11/article/view/2512