Positive Impacts of Olive Oil Enriched with Lycopene on the Plasma Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status of Hypercholesterolemic Patients | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 10

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is responsible for several cardiovascular events such as ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and ischemic stroke. Olive oil and lycopene are foods that have potent antioxidant activity. The objective was to determine the effects of consumption of olive oil enriched with lycopene on oxidative stress biomarkers in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The study product sample “lycopene-olive oil” consisted of virgin olive oil enriched with lycopene (350 mg/L). Patients (n = 80) were recruited from the town of Moralzarzal, Madrid, Spain, including healthy men and women with cholesterol levels over 220 mg/dL. The effects of oil enriched with lycopene extract daily intake were examined for 1 month on plasma antioxidant capacity, lipid profile (triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, HDL-C; LDL-C, ox-LDL), biomarkers of oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis risk (C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6; sDC4L) in subjects with hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol > 220 mg/dL). In the group consuming olive oil-lycopene, significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of plasma lycopene concentration (0.146 ± 0.03 versus 0.202 ± 0.04 (µmol/L)), α-carotene (0.166 ± 0.064 versus 0.238 ± 0.07) and β-carotene (0.493 ± 0.187 versus 0.713 ± 0.221) were observed. These results are linked with the increases of plasma antioxidants and decrease in biomarkers of oxidative stress (carbonyl groups, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine) observed in the hypercholesterolemic group. In relation to the lipid profile, a significant decrease was observed in the levels of ox-LDL (781 ± 302 versus 494 ± 200), remaining unchanged in the levels of TG, cholesterol, HDL and LDL-C. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, the levels of CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly. The positive results obtained in this study support the use of olive oil enriched with lycopene to reduce the risk of coronary disease. The results also indicate that triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels did not change significantly. However, ox-LDL levels decreased significantly only in the group supplemented with lycopene-olive oil. In conclusion, this study suggests that foods containing olive oil and lycopene can significantly contribute to reducing LDL-induced oxidative stress.

 

Author (s) Details

Meryem El Ouardi
Predepartmental Unit of Medicine, Physiology Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Jaume I, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.

 

Guillem Garcia-Llorens
Predepartmental Unit of Medicine, Physiology Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Jaume I, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.

 

Victoria Valls-Belles
Predepartmental Unit of Medicine, Physiology Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Jaume I, 12006, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v10/5033

Clinical Utility of Delta Neutrophil Index, Interleukin 8 and C-Reactive Protein as Indicators for Sepsis and Septic Shock in Non-COVID-19 Patients | Chapter 1 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The study proposed to assess the potential of DNI, CRP, and IL-8 as predictive tombstones for sepsis in non-COVID-19 inmates. Conducted within a Bulgarian ICU through a prospective non-interventional dispassionate follow-up, the research met on patients with and outside sepsis.DNI is a considerably critical marker for expanding sepsis (Exp (B)=1.329, p= 0.007). DNI has an union with developing infection of blood (r=0.363, p=0.001). ROC analysis accompanied a DNI value of 1.4 (the best halt value of 1.4), with 73% subtlety and 87% specificity (AUC 0.764, 95% CI 0.650-0.878, p=0.0001). CRP is a important marker for the severity of contamination and shows the likelihood of infection of blood events (Exp(B)=1.016, p=0.0001). The ROC curve results demonstrate that CRP, accompanying 82% sensitivity and 76% particularity, predicts sepsis growth (AUC 0.885, 95% CI 0.813-0.956, p -0.0001). There is a correlation, displaying an IL-8 increase as a marker for sepsis (r = 0.461. P = 0.0001). IL8 was considerably higher in septic groups than in the control group (t=3,537, p<0.001). Our judgments demonstrate the dependability of DNI, CRP, and IL-8 as robust indicators accompanying a strong predicting capacity for sepsis happening among non-COVID-19 inmates. Vigilant monitoring of these markers can considerably contribute to the early labeling of at-risk individuals, enabling proper interventions and appropriate situations.

Author(s) Details:

Pavlina Peneva,
St. Marina University Hospital – Varna, Medical University – Varna, Bulgaria.

Silviya P. Nikolova,
Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Medical University – Varna, Bulgaria.

Yana Bocheva,
Department of Clinical Laboratory and Immunology, St. Marina University Hospital – Varna, Medical University – Varna, Bulgaria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V4/article/view/12081

Acute Ischemic Stroke in Covid 19 | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Corona bug disease (Covid 19) is an catching disease caused by Sars-cov2 bug. It mostly influences the respiratory system, developing in fever, hacking, and shortness of respite. However, the central nervous system can also experience.  Some COVID-19 patients have exhibited extensive neurological proofs including stroke. Several methods related to immune-arbitrated thrombosis and the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in intelligence tissue may influence the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in patients accompanying COVID-19. Recent studies suggest that the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated for one binding of the spike glycoprotein of the bug to the angiotensin-converting catalyst 2 (ACE2) on cellular membranes. ACE2 is expressed in various tissues including body part alveolar cells, gastrointestinal tissue, and intellect. The aim of this case report search out provide understandings into the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological machines of stroke in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 can unhappy-regulate ACE2 and, in turn, overactivate the classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) arbor and decrease the activation of the alternative RAS road in the brain. The consequent inequality in vasodilation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombotic response concede possibility contribute to the pathophysiology of stroke during SARS-CoV-2 contamination. The neuropilin (NRP-1) which is a co-receptor for the vascular endothelial progress factor (VEGF), integrins, and plexins, is complicated in the pathogenesis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. When examining a patient who has affecting animate nerve organs manifestations, clinicians must use a exact approach. To lessen post-covid neurological sequelae, the affecting animate nerve organs disease of COVID 19 must be pronounced and treated early.

Author(s) Details:

T. R. Mamatha,
Department of General Medicine, ESIMC PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 560 010, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V2/article/view/11197

Prediction of Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgeries Using Biomarkers | Chapter 16 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Patients with colon illness are recovering more quickly after surgery because to minimum access surgery and standardised recovery methods. Despite these advancements, anastomotic leaking remains one of the most feared consequences after colorectal surgery, with rates ranging from 3-27 percent depending on risk factors. Clinical indications of peritonitis and/or clinical evidence of free faecal fluid within the belly or emerging from the drain site are both examples of anastomotic leakage. Biomarkers including lactate/pyruvate ratio and cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were shown to be elevated in patients who developed symptomatic anastomotic leakage before clinical symptoms appeared in some investigations.

The following are the goals and objectives:

1. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of systemic (CRP, leukocytes, procalcitonin) and peritoneal drain-fluid biomarkers interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor- (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-) in the early detection of anastomotic leak after colo-rectal surgery.

2. To see if there's a link between rising biomarker levels and the severity of clinical symptoms in people who've had colo-rectal surgery.

After getting sufficient ethical permission, the current study was a prospective observational study done on 60 patients over a two-year period in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar. All patients who had various colo-rectal surgeries for various purposes were thoroughly monitored in the post-operative period, and their systemic and drain fluid markers were sent for estimation on days 1-7 post-operatively, with the data analysed using SPSS V 22.

The average age of the patients was 54.8711.901 years, with 44 patients (73.3%) being males and 16 patients (26.7%) being females. The average CRP level was 2.78000.500 mg/L, the average total leukocyte count was 10.7830.940 thousands, and the average serum procalcitonin level was 0.3650.1385 ng/ml among systemic producers. The mean IL-6 level was 3551.0661311.965 pg/ml, the mean IL-10 level was 628.533460.358 pg/ml, and the mean TNF-a level was 16.3916.736 pg/ml among peritoneal fluid drain bio-makers. In 16 individuals, anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery was discovered (26.7 percent ). In our study, there was a significant correlation between the rise in levels of peritoneal drain fluid biomarkers and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients who had colo-rectal surgeries, but no such correlation existed between the rise in levels of systemic markers and the severity of clinical symptoms.

Conclusion: Systemic biomarkers are poor predictors of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery. Peritoneal fluid drain biomarkers, on the other hand, show a high sensitivity and specificity when it comes to predicting anastomotic leak.

Author(S) Details

Ferkhand Mohi Ud Din
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Ashiq Hussain Raina
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Irshad Ahmad Kumar
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Mumtaz Din wani
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Aabid Rasool Bhat
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Zubair Gul
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4599

Role of Procalcitonin as Diagnostic Marker in Neonatal Sepsis and Its Correlation with Clinical, Biochemical and Haematological Profile: Scientific Study | Chapter 11 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.4

Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal period particularly in the developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis is essential since a delay in treatment can lead to neonatal death. Different investigative techniques are assessed for usefulness, either singly or in combination, for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. The results of blood culture may be negative despite presence of bacterial infection. Therefore, early diagnosis is difficult, despite advanced bacteriological techniques. Inflammatory markers can also be used for early diagnosis such as C-reactive protein but it does not reliably differentiate between systemic inflammatory response and sepsis. Therefore, there is a need to identify a biomarker by which an infected neonate can be identified rapidly before the onset of life threatening symptoms and for the promt institution of antimicrobial therapy, which improves outcomes. Assessment of Procalcitonin (PCT) in the serum may help in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis as it is a reliable and specific biomarker.

Author(s) Details
Dr. Jaspreet Singh
Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/212