Comprehensive Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries Using Herbal and Non-Herbal Products | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Dental caries is a highly prevalent microbial chronic dental disease that affects a greater portion of the world’s population. Saliva surrounding the oral cavity's soft and hard tissues contains both organic and inorganic components, some of which are important contributors to the host's caries development, Saliva has shown great promise as a diagnostic fluid because, unlike blood or other bodily fluids, it contains a large number of diseases indicators. Saliva contains most of the enzymes that aid in metabolism. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like salivary enzymes which play an important role in caries demineralization and remineralization. This review highlights the salivary alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and protease enzyme actions in early childhood caries and prevention.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Umapathy Thimmegowda

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

Pallavi Nagappa Kuri

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/8587E

Comprehensive Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries Using Herbal and Non-Herbal Products | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Dental caries is a highly prevalent microbial chronic dental disease that affects a greater portion of the world’s population. Saliva surrounding the oral cavity's soft and hard tissues contains both organic and inorganic components, some of which are important contributors to the host's caries development, Saliva has shown great promise as a diagnostic fluid because, unlike blood or other bodily fluids, it contains a large number of diseases indicators. Saliva contains most of the enzymes that aid in metabolism. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like salivary enzymes which play an important role in caries demineralization and remineralization. This review highlights the salivary alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and protease enzyme actions in early childhood caries and prevention.

 

Author(s) Details

Umapathy Thimmegowda

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

Pallavi Nagappa Kuri

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, #14 Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560074, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/8587E

A Comprehensive Review on The Value of Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Enhancing Cancer Management and Predicting Patient Outcomes | Chapter 1 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) refer to malignant cells that have separated from the main tumor and disseminated throughout the circulation. Circulating tumor DNA is specifically derived from the tumor and discharged into the bloodstream. Nowadays, scientists are devising instruments and methodologies to capture and detect these malignant cells more precisely and delicately from the blood of individuals with cancer, through the implementation of both physical and immunoaffinity-based methodologies, as well as positive and negative enrichment approaches all through separation. BTC encompasses a wide range of malignant neoplasms that are typically classified according to their anatomic location, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a malignant tumor that displays a high degree of ferocity and carries an unfavorable outcome. BTCs are the second most frequent type after Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Despite the challenges posed by BTC, there have been significant advances in identifying genetic mutations that can be targeted in affected patients. These breakthroughs have led to the creation of novel targeted therapies, with promising results in recent studies. Utilizing liquid biopsy, a non-intrusive technique for detecting tumor biomarkers from samples can provide valuable assistance in diagnosing and molecularly characterizing the tumor. Liquid biopsy has garnered mounting interest as a potential instrument for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in recent times. The utilization of ctDNA analysis has the capability of providing timely identification of oncogenic mutations, timely detection, treatment surveillance, and identification of treatment resistance pathways in cancer management. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the use of ctDNA in patients with BTC, with an emphasis on the latest innovative methodologies and future prospects for managing this extremely malignant disorder.

 

Author (s) Details

Ajay K. Khanna
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Rohit Kumar Singh
Department of General Surgery, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, India.

 

Sweta Singh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maharshi Devraha Baba Medical College, India.

 

Soumya Khanna
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

S. K. Tiwary
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Puneet
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/1223

Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Cancer Testis Antigen 45 in Ovarian Cancer: A Review | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

Introduction: Cancer of the ovary is one of the most lethal malignancies among women worldwide. This is due to the unavailability of any suitable biomarker for diagnosis or screening. Presently, the serum level of CA125 is the established biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of Ovarian Cancer (OC). But CA125 is also raised in different benign conditions like dysfunctional uterine bleeding, fibroid, etc. along with healthy conditions like pregnancy and menstruation. In many cases of OC, CA125 isn’t raised. Cancer testis antigen 45 (CT45) in itself is emerging as a prominent prognostic marker in several cancers. Its role in Ovarian cancer is very much defined and paving new avenues for more therapeutic monitoring and target-related treatment. This study highlights the importance of CT45 in ovarian cancer and its intervention in genetic counterpart will help in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown the role of cancer-testis antigen 45 as an independent prognostic factor. Its higher expression is associated with better therapeutic response and seven times higher overall survival. Expression of CT45 is nil in normal ovaries, which makes it more clinically significant. CT45 has shown its significance in other solid tumours too.

Methodology: A literature survey was done in English literature by pearl growing and citation chasing. Various search engine tools like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar etc were used.

Conclusion: In the era of molecular biology, the search for a gold standard biomarker is still without success. Studies show that cancer testis antigen 45 may have the potential to fill this gap, although it needs studies on a larger cohort.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Harshita Dubey
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Swati Gupta
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Anil Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Harsh Goel
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Sathya Veera Merla
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Jaideep Menda
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Ginni Bharti
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Amar Ranjan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Ritu Kumari
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Navneet Dubey
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Anita Chopra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Pranay Tanwar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Arbind Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v13/4537

Prognostic Significance of D-dimer Levels in Predicting Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 3

Aim and Objective: The study aims to evaluate the relationship between D-dimer levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality.

Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively analysed the patients (Age about ≥16 years) having confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 along with or without comorbid conditions. Pathological and radiological characteristics of 2087 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in Parul Sevashram Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, from March 2021 to July 2022. Correlations of D-dimer level of COVID-19 patients upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analyzed accordingly. Graphically MS-Excel with median values were used.

Results: 2087 patients having positive RT-PCR and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included upon hospital admission. Whereas 65.78% (n= 1373) were male and 34.21% (n= 714) were female. The mean age was 52± 4 years. 319 patients died during above said period and overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was 15.28%. Initially, patients were kept on NIV and then shifted to a ventilator based on Spo2 level and continued monitoring. Additionally, 6.08 % (n=127) of patients were on BIPEP and OBPEP and all died with a 100% death ratio. None of the intubated patients (5.60 %, n= 117) were survived. The median elevated D-dimer level was 600.5 ng/ml throughout the study.  81.5 % (n= 1701) patients were found to have elevated D-Dimer levels, and 19.5 % (n= 386) patients were within the normal range. The median D-dimer level in non-survivors (15.29%) was significantly higher than in survivors (84.71%, n = 1768, RR 24.69%). Furthermore, the disease activity was higher in the overhead D-dimer level group demonstrated to have anticipating value in differentiating disease severity along with high ESR level, hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level was also upraised indicating the seriousness of the disease.

Conclusion: It was concluded that D-dimer level was routinely uplifted in patients with COVID-19 disease and significantly matched up with the severity of the disease. D-dimer is a significant definitive prognostic first-line marker with twice as high on admission than normal range in COVID-19 and indicates the seriousness of disease.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Niraj Chawda
Department of Medicine, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piperiya, Gujarat, India.

 

Suresh Jain
Department of Medicine, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

 

Bhagirath Solanki
Department of Medicine, B.J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Chetan Sonkar
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Simran Arora
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Sukruti Shah
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Vtrag Tejani
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Jyot Kaur Chawla
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Mukesh Chaudhari
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Ravi Chaudhari
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Amal Kumar Bhattacharya
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v3/3507

Role of Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (SuPAR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease| Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 Introduction: An always-increasing and irrevocable restriction in light wind is a hallmark of incessant obstructive pulmonary ailment (COPD). Conventionally, the diagnosis for SCOPD was by clinical syndromes and pulmonary function test (PFT). The C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-distinguishing inflammatory biomarker, is repeatedly used to confirm the progress of COPD's initial inferior pulmonary inflammation to intrinsic inflammation. However, a novel biomarker, in the way that Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) secreted apiece respiratory epithelium in COPD, maybe used to diagnose the disease progress at the early stage of pulmonary redness.Aim & Objective: To assess and equate the serum dissolved urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and C-sensitive protein (CRP) levels in stable COPD.Methods: Participants accompanying stable COPD (SCOPD) (men 35, females 15) and active controls (males 38, women 12) were enlisted for this study. Participants in the SCOPD study were divided into classes I through IV established post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted principles determined by GOLD principles. All research participants had antitoxin suPAR and CRP tests.Results: The level of suPAR among SCOPD (grade I= 4.03±0.40 ng/ml; grade II= 5.16 ±0.26 ng/ml; grade III= 5.82±0.17ng/ml; grade IV= 6.39±0.07ng/ml individually) were high distinguished to healthy control (1.84±0.90ng/ml) and were statistically important. The level of CRP among SCOPD (grade I= 3.30±0.13 ng/ml; grade II= 3.60 ±0.09 ng/ml; grade III= 3.91±0.12ng/ml; grade IV= 4.41±0.10 ng/ml individually) were high compared to athletic control (1.63±0.77ng/ml) and were statistically significant.Conclusion: Our research submitted that serum suPAR and CRP, specifically in grades III and IV SCOPD, may be meaningful players in the angering process of COPD. Therefore, measures of serum suPAR and CRP grant permission be helpful for evaluating and predicting the effect of stable COPD.

Author(s) Details:

D. Rekha,
Department of Physiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry-605014, India.

Priscilla Johnson,
Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai- 600116, India.

Subhasis Das,
Department of Physiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry-605014, India.

B. Rajagopalan,
Department of Chest & TB, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai- 600116, India.

G. R. Sathya,
Department of Physiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry-605014, India.

Lavanya Sekhar,
Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai- 600116, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V4/article/view/11002

Procalcitonin Level Recommendation as a Predictive Biomarker for Post-Operative Complication in Colorectal Cancer | Chapter 8 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Although it can not be supported in after second hospitals, specifically in developing nations, C-sensitive protein (CRP) has been issued as a new biomarker parameter of post-active complications and has once been widely used in routine dispassionate practice. Early research found that when anticipating the post-operative depression following major gastrointestinal incision, the sensitivity and precision of the CRP level are better predictive indicators than the WBC level unique.During major gastrointestinal medical procedure (resection of colorectal malignancy), anastomosis leak was reported in 7 to 10% of cases. Clinical judgments in the early stages of anastomosis leak are frequently lacking to establish this difficulty and are occasionally incorrect as post-operative pain. Procalcitonin (PCT) is individual of the potential biomarkers that has been announced currently as a post-operative problem examination.

Author(s) Details:

Budhi Ida Bagus,
Department of Surgery, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V6/article/view/10989

Discord of Biological and Psychological Measures in a Group of Depressed African American and White Cancer Patients | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Objective: This study checked racial distinctnesses in the self-report of depressive symptoms by citation to biological states.Methods: The study secondhand a convenience sample of 20 discouraged cancer inmates (CES-D 16) (15 African Americans and 5 Whites). Subjects completed depression appraisal on a battery of intellectual measures and provided ancestry and saliva samples. Laboratory tests were performed on biomarkers (serotonin, cortisol and IL-6). T-test was computed to test racial dissimilarities on biological and mental measures.Results: Depressed Whites had a significantly higher cortisol level than concave African Americans, but no significant group distinctness was found on some self-reported mental measures of depression. There was a trend that African Americans stated fewer depressing symptoms on cognitive measures but exceeded Whites on the domain of somatization; still, such group distinctnesses did not approach detail of action significance in this place small sample.Conclusion: African Americans did not perform to underreport depression because their biological states, but had a trend to report more somatic symptoms than Whites; this grant permission be attributable to non-concavity diseases or newsgathering behavior rather than bodily sensitivity. African Americans shown more mistrust in the health care order, which keep affect the self-report of depression. There is a noise between organic and psychological measures of cavity. Biomarkers prove to be valuable for evaluating ethnic difference in the self-report of cavity.Implication for Nursing: Nurses should be careful of somatic complaints when determining African American cancer patient’s despair. Establishing trust is essential for an accurate estimate of depression in African American cancer sufferers.

Author(s) Details:

Amy Y. Zhang,
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4904, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V5/article/view/9889

The Significance of Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum in Female Breast Cancer: A Brief Overview | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 This orderly review and meta-analysis implies a important relationship between spoken FN species and their role in female-distinguishing BC pathogenesis, highlighting their biography- marker potentiality. The most low cancer in the world, feelings cancer has an increasing occurrence and is more likely to affect postpubertal women from all racial and ethnic upbringing. Recent findings of spoken Fusobacterium nucleatum species in cancerous human conscience tissue have highlighted the significance of microbes in the pathogenesis of cancer.  This orderly review was created in accordance with the chosen reporting system for orderly reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). AXIS form analysis revealed 78.70% of items with a positive equivalence between oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and female-particular breast cancer. The risk of feelings cancer development raised with significant levels of spoken Fusobacterium nucleatum due to gingivitis/ periodontitis (relative risk = 1.78, 95% assurance interval = 1.63–1.91). Low-moderate statistical variety was found (I2 = 41.39%; P = 0.02), and the importance of periodontal rank on breast cancer pathogenesis was persistent (relative risk = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.30). Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum class are a risk factor for breast tumor development, accordingly elevating their biomarker potentiality. Our judgments increase understanding of the complexities of this friendship with regard to adult female populations and grant permission be able to lower/prevent the risk of BC growth globally, fundamentally changing the course of both healing and dental prognostics.

Author(s) Details:

Fariah I. Gaba,
Mondzorg Scheveningen Private Dental Clinic, Renbaanstraat 75, 2586 EZ, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Raquel Carcelen Gonzalez,
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera UCH-CEU. Valencia, Spain.

Raquel Gonzalez Martinez,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences. University Cardenal Herrera UCH-CEU, Valencia, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9831

Alterations in Marker Enzymes and Kidney Function Indices in Datura Metel Aqueous Seed Extract Treated Albino Rats| Chapter 10 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

 Datura metel owned by the offspring Solanaceae. It is individual of ultimate abused plant everywhere the planet. This study proposed at determining the effect of Datura metel liquid source extract in light rats. The tombstone enzymes were analyzed utilizing standard order, while sort function indications were persistent utilizing colorimetric form. Phytochemical reasoning revealed the occupancy of miscellaneous phytochemicals. The result of the study told a important declined (P<0.05) in physique weight by any means doses when distinguished accompanying the control. The result still told a important raised (P<0.05) ALP endeavor at all the doses in two together antitoxin and sort. Similarly, ALT and AST venture considerably raised (P<0.05) in two together serum and sort at 200 and 300mg/kg when distinguished accompanying control. Furthermore, the study disclosed a important raised (P<0.05) in antitoxin urea, uric acid and calcium by any means doses of the extract treated groups. However, antitoxin creatinine and potassium levels considerably raised (P<0.05) only at 300mg/kg, when in fact no important various at 100 and 200mg/kg when distinguished accompanying the control. Similarly, the result revealed meaningful raised (P<0.05) antitoxin sodium at 200 and 300mg/kg, and no meaningful distinctness (P>0.05) at 100mg/kg when distinguished accompanying the control. Moreover, serum phosphate level considerably raised (P<0.05) at 200 and 300mg/kg and considerably diminished (P<0.05) only at 100mg/kg of the extract considered groups when distinguished accompanying the control. In contrast, chloride level considerably (P<0.05) decreased by any means doses when distinguished accompanying the control group. The result of the study desires that the liquid beginning extract of Datura metel sources extract may have few nephrotoxic effect on the elementary functions of sort examined in Wister light rats as disclosed in the alterations of the kind functions parameters analysed.

Author(s) Details:

Isah Musa Fakai,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Lukman Ango,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Abubakar Abdulhamid,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Ibrahim Sani,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Moussa Yahaya,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Fatima Bello,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Jude Nwaogu,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Amina Sulaiman,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Ibrahim Hamza Kankia,
Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.

Mukhtar Muhammad Warrah,
College of Science, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 28, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Sufiyanu Abubakar Jiga,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Naima Musa Sani,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Yakubu Musa Yanah,
Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Amina Musa Sama,
Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Adamu Augie College of Education, P.M.B.1012, Argungu, Kebbi State. Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V8/article/view/9417

Estimation of Urinary Uranium and Urinary 8-OHdG Compound as Biomarker for Oxidative DNA Damage in Exposures and Non-Exposures Adult Healthy Groups in Najaf Governorate| Chapter 9 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

 Environmental pollution accompanying many synthetic and material determinants influence people energy everywhere the realm. Najaf governorate of Iraq have organic and human fashioned soures of fallout. Increased number of malignancy cases, autoimmune ailment has happened written in the last few decades. The present study aims to evalute urinary uranium concentration and urinary aggregation of 8-OHdG compound as biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. In this study, a total of 88 athletic persons in Al-Najaf governorate were gathered as environmentally uranium uncoverings n=29 (G1), occupationally uncoverings n=27 (G2), and non-uranium uncoverings n=32 (G3). All groups were subject for guess of urinary uranium aggregation using CR-39 SSNTD arrangement, urinary 8-OHdG compound as a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage was supposed again utilizing Elisa method. Results presented that mean advantage of uranium aggregation were (1.836±0.426 µg/L), (2.02±0.404 µg/L) and (1.755± 0.437 µg/L) for group1, group2 and group3 individually, while the mean principles for 8-OHdG compound were (49.810±15.484 ng/ml), (47.717±14.232 ng/ml) and (46.769±14.249 ng/ml) for the three groups respectively. No meaningful mathematical dissimilarities were written betwixt all dossier got. The results submitted closeness of uranium contamination in all athletic groups containing non-uncovering (G3) as distinguished accompanying citation profit of (WHO, 2004). DNA damage erect further entirely groups according to 8-OHdG levels written. DNA oxidative damage can come from of uranium dirtiness written comprehensively healthful groups of Najaf governorate proven in the study.

Author(s) Details:

Dhuha S. Saleh,
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Samia K. Abbas,
General Directorate of Education in Najaf Governorate, Iraqi Ministry of Education, Al-Aseel Central Preparatory for Girls, Iraq.

Hayder S. Hussain,
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V8/article/view/9417

NGAL: An Upcoming Biomarker of Interest| Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 Members of the lipocalin protein kin are typically small hidden proteins. NGAL, or neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, serves many main functions in the body. It has the potential to act as a biomarker for two together diagnosis and forecast for different diseases. In addition to renal ailments, NGAL participates in the pathogenesis of a number of different diseases, such as cardiovascular ailments, inflammatory disorders, malignancy, diabetes, etc. In most disorders, its levels have been connected to disease asperity. The main properties and functions of NGAL have been conferred in this division which will help in establishing allure role in early disease, evaluation of the severity, deciding prognosis, and reconstructing the management of various afflictions.

Author(s) Details:

Khushbu Jasotani,
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Kiran Dahiya,
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Pragati Singh,
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Sushil Kumar,
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Keerti Gupta,
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V6/article/view/8769

Integration of Omics in Mental Disorders: Understanding Molecular Connectivity from Prediction to Prevention | Chapter 14 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 4

Stressors are one of several environmental variables, which lead to mental illness. The adoption of sensitivity related with important biomarkers in the detection, assessment, and validation procedures is now necessary due to unmet medical outcomes and monitoring platforms in the field of mental diseases. By validating the functional efficacy of medications or the state of brain function recovery using behavioural assessment and metabolomics, which includes a neuro-pharmacogenomics study, the use of omics in mental disorders and in a health care assessment platform based on macromolecule-dependent data analysis, such as bioinformatics, has the potential to increase the identification of risk genes and treatment options. Though it might seem futuristic, this idea is excellent. Health professionals like clinicians and lab scientists will be able to forecast the likelihood of a disease outbreak, drug addiction, and synaptic malfunction, as well as the likelihood that a treatment will be effective, if numerous databases around the world continue to expand, increasing the likelihood of identifying a strand. The therapeutic alternative, which consists of biological and synthetic components, will be well worth the wait even though practical acceptance would take some time. In this article, we provide a brief overview of mental disorders with unclear etiologies through the visualisation of risk genes and functional vulnerability in the creation of molecular diagnostics using the Omics platform. The Omics platform's potential uses in the future illuminated the space for biomarker discovery, innovation, and the evaluation of assessment techniques for the treatment of mental health illnesses in a clinical context appears promise.

Author(s) Details:

Elizabeth Heroux,

Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, USA.

Aminata Musa,

Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, USA.

Jae-Hyeon Cho,

Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Korea.

Diane E. Heck,

Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, USA.

Hong-Duck Kim,

Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V4/article/view/7369

Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemical Expression of HE4 in Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasm: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study | Chapter 08 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Background: Ovarian cancer has a significant mortality rate due to late diagnosis. Case-specific management can be improved with early and precise diagnosis. Among all gynaecological cancers, ovarian carcinoma has the greatest fatality rate. HE4 (human epididymis protein 4) is a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis that has been shown to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells.

The study's goals and objectives were to assess the immunohistochemistry expression of HE4 in diverse epithelial ovarian neoplasms.

Material and Methods: From December 2016 to January 2019, our institution conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, single-institution study in the department of Pathology in partnership with the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. This study included a total of 71 patients.

The most prevalent epithelial tumour was serous tumour, followed by mucinous tumour. High-grade serous carcinoma and malignant endometrioid tumours had the highest percentage of HE4 expression. The majority of benign serous and mucinous tumours have a negative expression. We discovered a statistically significant link between HE4 expression and several epithelial ovarian tumour types (p=0.000).

Conclusions: HE4 was found to be strongly expressed in malignant ovarian tumours, particularly serous and endometrioid carcinoma, and could be exploited as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. Its predictive usefulness is also supported by its expression in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.

Author(S) Details

Begum Afrin Nahar
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Rama Saha
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Chhanda Das
Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

Gourishankar Kamilya
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3694

Prediction of Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgeries Using Biomarkers | Chapter 16 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Patients with colon illness are recovering more quickly after surgery because to minimum access surgery and standardised recovery methods. Despite these advancements, anastomotic leaking remains one of the most feared consequences after colorectal surgery, with rates ranging from 3-27 percent depending on risk factors. Clinical indications of peritonitis and/or clinical evidence of free faecal fluid within the belly or emerging from the drain site are both examples of anastomotic leakage. Biomarkers including lactate/pyruvate ratio and cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were shown to be elevated in patients who developed symptomatic anastomotic leakage before clinical symptoms appeared in some investigations.

The following are the goals and objectives:

1. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of systemic (CRP, leukocytes, procalcitonin) and peritoneal drain-fluid biomarkers interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor- (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-) in the early detection of anastomotic leak after colo-rectal surgery.

2. To see if there's a link between rising biomarker levels and the severity of clinical symptoms in people who've had colo-rectal surgery.

After getting sufficient ethical permission, the current study was a prospective observational study done on 60 patients over a two-year period in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar. All patients who had various colo-rectal surgeries for various purposes were thoroughly monitored in the post-operative period, and their systemic and drain fluid markers were sent for estimation on days 1-7 post-operatively, with the data analysed using SPSS V 22.

The average age of the patients was 54.8711.901 years, with 44 patients (73.3%) being males and 16 patients (26.7%) being females. The average CRP level was 2.78000.500 mg/L, the average total leukocyte count was 10.7830.940 thousands, and the average serum procalcitonin level was 0.3650.1385 ng/ml among systemic producers. The mean IL-6 level was 3551.0661311.965 pg/ml, the mean IL-10 level was 628.533460.358 pg/ml, and the mean TNF-a level was 16.3916.736 pg/ml among peritoneal fluid drain bio-makers. In 16 individuals, anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery was discovered (26.7 percent ). In our study, there was a significant correlation between the rise in levels of peritoneal drain fluid biomarkers and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients who had colo-rectal surgeries, but no such correlation existed between the rise in levels of systemic markers and the severity of clinical symptoms.

Conclusion: Systemic biomarkers are poor predictors of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery. Peritoneal fluid drain biomarkers, on the other hand, show a high sensitivity and specificity when it comes to predicting anastomotic leak.

Author(S) Details

Ferkhand Mohi Ud Din
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Ashiq Hussain Raina
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Irshad Ahmad Kumar
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Mumtaz Din wani
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Aabid Rasool Bhat
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Zubair Gul
Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4599

Serological Thymidine Kinase1 is a Biomarker for Early Risk of Tumours Progression —Real World Data from a Health Screening Study on a Cohort of 35,365 People | Chapter 3 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 STK1p, a serological thymidine kinase 1 (STK1p) proliferation marker, is a reliable prognostic, monitoring, and relapse marker. The application of STK1p in health screening for early diagnosis of pre-malignant and malignant disorders was examined in this study. The research was based on 35,365 people who took part in four separate health screening studies in China from 2005 to 2019 using Real World Data. All of the individuals were given a clinical examination. A sensitive chemiluminescent dot blot ECL assay was used to measure the quantity of STK1p. The STK1p test had a ROC value of 0.96. The likelihood (+) value was 236.5 at a cut-off STK1p value of 2.0 pM, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. The proportion of city dwellers with elevated STK1p values (>2.0 pM) was 0.8 percent (198/26,484), while the proportion of oil-field employees with elevated STK1p values (>2.0 pM) was 5.8 percent (514/8,355). In comparison to city inhabitants, the latter group had significantly greater rates of refractory anaemia, fatty liver, and obesity, but no incidences of breast or prostate hyperplasia were found. People who worked in oil drilling/transportation also had higher STK1p levels and a greater rate of pre-malignancies and benign illnesses than those who worked in oil-field administration. When comparing people with low STK1p values (2.0 pM) to people with high STK1p values (>2.0 pM), a statistically significantly higher number of people were found to have malignancies, pre-malignancies of all types, moderate/severe type of hyperplasia of breast or prostate, or refractory anaemia, or to be at high risk for hepatitis B. In the STK1p low group, no malignancies were discovered. Compared to 52.4 percent of individuals with low STK1p values, 85.4 percent of those with elevated STK1p values had illnesses linked to a higher risk of pre-/early neoplastic development. Persons with low STK1p levels (n=6,352/26,484) and raised STK1p values (170/702) were randomly selected and followed for 132 months. People with increased STK1p values had a 4 times higher chance of developing malignancies than people with low STK1p values. Based on official cancer statistics in China, the risk value was derived using an expected cancer occurrence incidence of 0.2 percent among people with low STK1p. We conclude that serological TK1 protein concentration is a reliable diagnostic for predicting the likelihood of cancer progression in the early stages.

Author (s) Details

Zhi-Heng Chen
Health Management Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Xia Cao
Health Management Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Shou-Qing Huang
Healthy Centre of the Affiliated Second Hospital, Fujian Chinese Tradition Medicine University, China.

Guo-zhan Zhao
Jilin Oil Field General Hospital, Jilin 131106, China.

Ai Zeng Yang
Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 81 Hospital, Jiangsu 210002, China.

Jian Wen
Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Tumor Hospital, Nanjing 210011, China.

Xiao-Hong Xu
Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China.

Yan Chen
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China.

Qu-Bo Chen
Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangdong 510120, China.

Ying-Hong Wang
Central Laboratory, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China.

Ellen He
Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.

Ji Zhou
Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.

Sven Skog
Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V5/article/view/1398

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) As a Predictive Biomarker of the Occurrence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Chapter 12 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Over the course of three months, the major purpose of the pilot study was to evaluate the rate of serum BDNF and the initial clinical course of a participant who had been exposed to a potentially traumatic experience. In this study, 12 participants were recruited, 7 of whom had been exposed to a traumatic event and 5 of whom had no history of psycho-trauma. There is no link between cortisol levels in the blood and BDNF levels in this investigation. The following are the study's findings: The rate of BDNF in the trauma group of volunteers was significantly lower than in the control group:

6.201.73 ng/ml in the trauma group against 21.791.76 ng/ml in the control group, indicating a p0.001 difference. When compared to those who have been through a traumatic incident, the rate of serum BDNF in victims of physical aggression is significantly lower: With a p = 0.03 difference, the assault group received 4.360.37 ng/ml while the control group received 6.941.44 ng/ml. The intensity of peritraumatic discomfort is significantly inversely linked with the amount of BDNF (r = -0.75, p0.05). The rate of serum BDNF was considerably decreased in the group with acute PTSD as compared to the group without PTSD: p = 0.001 between 7.50.9 ng/ml in the absence of PTSD (n = 4) and 4.50.4 in the presence of PTSD (n = 3).

Author (s) Details

Dr. H. Belhadj-Tahar
Mental health research group, French Association for Medical Research Advancement (AFPREMED), 9 rue du Pr Antoine Baisset, 31000 Toulouse, France.

Dr. N. Sadeg
International Medical Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Bat. B8, Rue Henri Becquerel, 60230 Chambly, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V1/article/view/1185

Detection of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 as Biomarkers of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) | Chapter 14 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 3

 Because of its high efficacy against target pests, cypermethrin, being a synthetic pyrethroid, is one of the most commonly used pesticides in commercial agricultural applications. It is also extremely toxic to other non-target organisms, such as fish, bees and aquatic insects, in addition to its target toxicity. In this analysis, Channa punctatus was treated with sublethal cypermethrin concentrations (6.6 μg/L) over 5, 10 and 15 days and measured its effect on total CYP 450 and hepatic CYP450 isoform function. Total CYP450 content and CYP1A-mediated EROD activity were significantly induced (p<0.05; p<0.01) compared to control in all three treated groups, while significant induction was observed in CYP2B-mediated N,N-dimethylaniline demethylase activity (p<0.05) in the 15-day treated group only. Aniline hydroxylase activity mediated by CYP2E1 showed only a small increase, whereas erythromycin demethylase activity mediated by CYP3A4 was significantly inhibited (p<0.05; p<0.01). A marginal improvement in all the treated classes was also seen in the liver somatic index (LSI). Differential induction of CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2E1 and inhibition of CYP3A4 isoform due to C treatment with cypermethrin were seen in the results. From punctatus. Comparisons of control and hepatic microsomes exposed to cypermethrin showed increased enzymatic activity and increased strength of 53.5 kDa protein was observed after SDS-PAGE of microsomal protein. The molecular weight of this protein was comparable in size to that reached by TMPD (N,N,N'N '-tetramethyl-pphenylenediamine) heme staining of SDS-PAGE gels. The study clearly showed that the most sensitive and important biomarker for aquatic pollution monitoring was the CYP1A isoform.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Dawa Bhutia
Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

Dr. Joydeb Pal
Ecology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/343