Incidental Identification of Krukenberg’s Tumour (KT): A Histopathological Perspective | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 2

 

Krukenberg’s tumour (KT) is a metastatic ovarian malignancy characterised by bilateral ovarian enlargement and a nodular pattern of infiltration on radiology. KTs can be synchronous, where the metastasis is discovered within 3 months of the diagnosis of the primary tumour, or metachronous, where the metastasis is found after 3 months, frequently after the completion of initial therapy. This case report discusses an incidental diagnosis of Krukenberg’s Tumour (KT). A 48-year-old female was incidentally diagnosed with a Krukenberg tumour, involving the entire uterus, uterine leiomyomas, bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes without any gross enlargement or cystic change in the ovaries. The patient underwent surgery to alleviate the symptoms associated with multiple uterine fibroids detected on ultrasound. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with removal of both the adnexa, along with myomectomy. However, when the ovaries are not enlarged, and complaints of abdominal discomfort or pain are attributable to a fibroid, the possibility of a Krukenberg tumour is seldom considered. Under such circumstances, histopathology examination serves as the only tool to clinch the diagnosis because of its characteristic microscopic features. Recognition of KT is of paramount importance, as it alters both the management approach and prognostic outlook. Furthermore, it is also crucial to exclude mimics, especially tumours with mucinous differentiation, using ancillary techniques like special stains, immunohistochemistry and previous historical details for confirmation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Kriti Chauhan
Metropolis Healthcare Ltd., India.

 

Aastha Sharma
Metropolis Lab Pvt. Ltd., India.

 

Gagandeep Singh
Dr. Singh Path Lab, Ropar, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v2/6598

 

Rare Case of Simultaneous Occurrence of Periampullary Distal Cholangiocarcinoma and Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary | Chapter 10 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

Background: Ovarian epithelial tumors primarily originate from the surface epithelium of the ovary. These tumors account for around 60 percent of all ovarian malignancies. The epithelium has the inherent ability to differentiate into serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, or transitional epithelium, and therefore can give rise to benign, borderline, or malignant tumors of these types. The combined outcome of serous and mucinous tumors accounts for approximately 30% of all ovarian malignancies. Approximately 20 to 50 percent of serous tumors have bilateral characteristics, with the majority of these being borderline tumors. However, it is exceedingly rare for both ovaries to simultaneously contribute to primary tumors with different histology. This recent presentation focuses on a case of bilateral ovarian cystadenomas with serous and mucinous histotypes. Based on our extensive understanding, this particular case is only the second one of its nature to have been documented in the existing body of literature.

 

Case Presentation: This case report provides a detailed description of the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and outcome of a patient who had both periampullary distal cholangiocarcinoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. This case emphasizes the significance of taking into account uncommon combinations of tumors and brings attention to the diagnostic difficulties and restricted therapeutic choices in such instances.

 

Conclusions: This case report also provides an outline of the present indication on periampullary distal cholangiocarcinoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, particularly concentrating on biological features, histological characteristics, and available data guiding current and upcoming therapeutic approaches for these rare, and still barely known, tumors.

 

Author (s) Details

Bhavya Kataria
Department of Radiodiagnosis, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/1754

Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Cancer Testis Antigen 45 in Ovarian Cancer: A Review | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

Introduction: Cancer of the ovary is one of the most lethal malignancies among women worldwide. This is due to the unavailability of any suitable biomarker for diagnosis or screening. Presently, the serum level of CA125 is the established biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of Ovarian Cancer (OC). But CA125 is also raised in different benign conditions like dysfunctional uterine bleeding, fibroid, etc. along with healthy conditions like pregnancy and menstruation. In many cases of OC, CA125 isn’t raised. Cancer testis antigen 45 (CT45) in itself is emerging as a prominent prognostic marker in several cancers. Its role in Ovarian cancer is very much defined and paving new avenues for more therapeutic monitoring and target-related treatment. This study highlights the importance of CT45 in ovarian cancer and its intervention in genetic counterpart will help in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown the role of cancer-testis antigen 45 as an independent prognostic factor. Its higher expression is associated with better therapeutic response and seven times higher overall survival. Expression of CT45 is nil in normal ovaries, which makes it more clinically significant. CT45 has shown its significance in other solid tumours too.

Methodology: A literature survey was done in English literature by pearl growing and citation chasing. Various search engine tools like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar etc were used.

Conclusion: In the era of molecular biology, the search for a gold standard biomarker is still without success. Studies show that cancer testis antigen 45 may have the potential to fill this gap, although it needs studies on a larger cohort.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Harshita Dubey
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Swati Gupta
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Anil Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Harsh Goel
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Sathya Veera Merla
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Jaideep Menda
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Ginni Bharti
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Amar Ranjan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Ritu Kumari
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Navneet Dubey
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Anita Chopra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Pranay Tanwar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Arbind Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi (AIIMS), Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v13/4537

Impact of Ovarian Morphology on Endometrium Morphology, and Post Menopausal Bleeding | Chapter 15 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 This division evaluates and correlates presence of ovarian lesions accompanying endometrial morphology in females giving with post menopausal grieving. Postmenopausal ovaries are chiefly composed of stroma and stretch to have potential for hormonal synthesis. A total of 42 specimens of total intestinal hysterectomy with bilateral hysterectomy were examined. The patients' ages categorized from 45 to 80 years. The study did not find any statistically significant equivalence between high risk endometrial affliction and stromal hyperplasia/large ovary.

Author(s) Details:

Madhu Chaturvedi,
Department of Pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400022, India.

Khushboo S. Wadgaonkar,
Department of Pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V4/article/view/10718

A Brief Study about Menopause and Gynaecological Malignancy | Chapter 1 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 7

 

 Untimely menopause can happen because of disease treatment. Cervical disease is the most well-known gynecological malignant growth. Constant HPV disease is more normal in postmenopausal ladies. In postmenopausal ladies, HPV immunization plays no part in essential cervical disease anticipation. Cervical disease side effects in postmenopausal ladies are tragically vague and related with co-morbidities. Thus, each indication of cervical malignant growth in a postmenopausal lady ought to be explored completely. Among every single gynecologic disease, ovarian malignant growth is the main source of death. Most of postmenopausal ladies with ovarian malignant growth present with questionable side effects and are in a high level phase of the illness at the hour of show. In the United States, endometrial disease is the most regular gynecologic danger. Most of endometrial carcinomas are identified early and have a positive visualization. However vulvar and vaginal malignant growths are unprecedented, they are normal in postmenopausal ladies. Any postmenopausal lady who has been tingling for quite a while, has a pervaginal release, or has a vulva or vaginal ulcer ought to be assessed completely. So principal objective of this composing is to mindful the gynecological oncologists about the extraordinary parts of gynecological diseases in menopausal lady.

Author(s) Details:

Sabera Khatun,
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Jannatul Ferdous,
Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V7/article/view/7832

Can Thyroid Gland Impact Your Fertility? | Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

The second most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age is thyroid illness. Significant links between thyroid conditions and anomalies of the reproductive system have now largely been established. Primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in both males and females have both been well-documented to cause varying degrees of gonadal dysfunction (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, lack of sperms or infertility). The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis interact to modulate neuroendocrine controls over reproductive processes in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones may cause changes in the male reproductive hormonal environment that lower testosterone levels and worsen the quality of sperm. All aspects of reproduction are impacted by thyroid disorders because they play a role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development of infertility by interfering with the actions of the follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on the steroid biosynthesis by specific triiodothyronine (T3) sites on oocytes.

Author(s) Details:

Ehab Tousson,
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.

Manal Elbandrawy,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V2/article/view/7740

Evaluating the Protective Effect of Taraxacum Officinale against Oxidative Demage Induced by Lead (Pb) in Rats Exposed to Contaminated Diet | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 6

 The goal of this study is to see if dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) can protect you against lead poisoning. Lead is thought to be an oxidative stress inducer in several tissues and organs. Female wistar rats were fed a diet containing 600 mg lead acetate per kilogramme of food (Pb) or a diet containing 20 g fresh dandelion leaves per kilogramme of food (Pb-DD), and then compared to a control group for 6 weeks. The researchers looked into a number of haematological and serum biochemical markers. When compared to the control group, the Pb group had a large decrease in RBC and haemoglobin levels, but a considerable increase in methemoglobin. The Pb-DD group had the same RBC counts and haemoglobin levels as the control group, but the methemoglobin percentage was considerably greater. The activities of AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphate, as well as total bilirubin and uric acid levels, all increased significantly in the Pb group. Except for uric acid, dandelion supplementation has kept all of the preceding biochemical markers within normal limits. However, there were no significant alterations in albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, or calcium concentrations in Pb or Pb-DD treated mice. The Pb-DD-treated group and the control group had no significant changes in histological exams of the liver, kidney, or ovary. Pb, on the other hand, has been linked to cystic formations and vacuolization in the liver, as well as necrosis and microcalcifications in the kidney. Ovarian tissue degradation was also seen in the Pb group, including the absence of corona radiata and granulosa cell death. Finally, adding dendelion to a Pb-contaminated meal reduced metal toxicity in female rats considerably.

Author(S) Details

Mansouri Ouarda
Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.

Cherif Abdennour
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.

Kamel Khelili
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.

Radia Berredjem
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.

Mohamed Salah Boulakoud
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University Badji Mokhtar-Annaba BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V6/article/view/4859

A Case Report on Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney with Serous Cystadenoma Tumors of the Ovary | Chapter 12 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The kidney's mixed epithelial and stromal tumour (MEST) is an uncommon tumour made up of both epithelial and stromal cells. Given the marked female preponderance, common history of long-term oestrogen replacement, and frequent expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in tumour mesenchymal component, steroid hormones appear to have had a role in the origin and evolution of MESTs family.

The case of a 37-year-old lady who was admitted to the Department of Surgery with stomach pain is presented. She had been on oral estrogen-progestin therapy for dysmenorrhea for four years, until she was 35 years old. During an abdominal ultrasound (US), a 60 mm × 20 mm left ovarian cyst was discovered, which was suggestive of a simple cyst. After a year, an ultrasound revealed that the ovarian cyst had grown in size (76 mm 53 mm x 78 mm) and that a new exophytic cystic-solid mass of 120 mm had appeared in the lower pole of the left kidney. Laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy and left ovariectomy were performed on the patient. A MEST of the kidney and a primary serous cystadenoma of the ovary were found on histopathological inspection and immunohistochemical investigation.

We present the second case of a MEST of the kidney associated with a primary serous ovarian cystadenoma in the literature.

We underline the significance of clinical examination prior to the administration of any hormone therapy, as well as the concept of a link between MESTs and hormonal milieu.

Author (S) Details

Silvia Taccogna
Pathology Unit, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Martina D’Angelo
Pathology Unit, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Sara Ienzi
Department of Pathology, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy.

Massimo Pezzatini
Department of General Surgery, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Andrea Liverani
Department of General Surgery, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Roberto D’Ascenzo
Department of Urology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

Francesco Angelini
Department of Oncology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, 00041 Albano Laziale, Rome, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V10/article/view/3511