Effects of Energy Restriction and Dairy Consumption on Lipids and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 5 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

Background: Women in the post-menopausal stage of life are susceptible to a number of chronic health conditions related to obesity and osteoporosis. Dairy products represent one of the five core food groups embedded in most dietary guidelines worldwide. Dietary calcium, particularly from dairy sources, has been widely studied for its potential role in improving bone health and supporting weight management.

 

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the association between lipids and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet.

 

Methodology: A total of 56 overweight/obese postmenopausal women (mean age: 55.61±8.19; mean BMI: 32.95±6.12 kg/m2; mean weight: 86.88±17.25 kg; and mean BMD level: 1.05±0.17 g/cm2) were randomly assigned into a low dairy servings [DS-2] (800 mg/d of calcium or high diary servings [DS-4] (1400 mg/d of calcium) diet to evaluate differences in bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TAG)) during a 3 month lifestyle education program. The study conducted repeated measures ANOVA (group × time interaction) with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests, Spearman and Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses.

 

Results: For the high calcium group, the change “D” in values at 3 months compared to baseline were: ∆BMD: 0.03 (p=0.31); DBMI: -0.69 (P=0.005); ∆LDL: -25.41 (p<0.001); DHDL: 3.49 (p=0.365); ∆TC: -22.14 (p=0.004) and ∆TAG: -1.97 (p=0.998). In the low calcium group, the 3 month – baseline changes were: ∆BMD: -0.04 (p=0.69); DBMI: -0.74 (P=0.002); ∆LDL: -10.86 (p=0.314); DHDL: 3.99 (p=0.269); ∆TC: -5.96 (p=0.769) and ∆TAG: 4.53 (p=0.97). ∆BMD was correlated with ∆LDL and ∆TC: r=-0.27 (p=0.052) and r=-0.27 (p=0.054), respectively.

 

Conclusion: This study concludes that overweight/obese post-menopausal women who were placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet during a 3-month educational program had lower in BMI, LDL, TC and higher HDL values. Although this study observed a positive correlation between ∆LDL and ∆TC, and a negative correlation for ∆BMD with ∆LDL and ∆TC, the study concluded suggest an association between bone mineral density and lipid profile in postmenopausal overweight and obese women. Further research and analysis using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to clarify the relationship between an atherogenic lipid profile and bone mineral density.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Narmina Mamed
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
Center for Health Promotion, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7122