Background: Women in the post-menopausal stage of life are susceptible
to a number of chronic health conditions related to obesity and osteoporosis.
Dairy products represent one of the five core food groups embedded in most
dietary guidelines worldwide. Dietary calcium, particularly from dairy sources,
has been widely studied for its potential role in improving bone health and
supporting weight management.
Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the
association between lipids and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight/obese
postmenopausal women placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet.
Methodology: A total of 56 overweight/obese postmenopausal
women (mean age: 55.61±8.19; mean BMI: 32.95±6.12 kg/m2; mean weight:
86.88±17.25 kg; and mean BMD level: 1.05±0.17 g/cm2) were randomly assigned
into a low dairy servings [DS-2] (800 mg/d of calcium or high diary servings
[DS-4] (1400 mg/d of calcium) diet to evaluate differences in bone mineral
density (BMD), body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol
(TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins
cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TAG)) during a 3 month lifestyle
education program. The study conducted repeated measures ANOVA (group × time
interaction) with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests, Spearman and Pearson
correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses.
Results: For the high calcium group, the change “D” in
values at 3 months compared to baseline were: ∆BMD: 0.03 (p=0.31); DBMI: -0.69
(P=0.005); ∆LDL: -25.41 (p<0.001); DHDL: 3.49 (p=0.365); ∆TC: -22.14
(p=0.004) and ∆TAG: -1.97 (p=0.998). In the low calcium group, the 3 month –
baseline changes were: ∆BMD: -0.04 (p=0.69); DBMI: -0.74 (P=0.002); ∆LDL:
-10.86 (p=0.314); DHDL: 3.99 (p=0.269); ∆TC: -5.96 (p=0.769) and ∆TAG: 4.53
(p=0.97). ∆BMD was correlated with ∆LDL and ∆TC: r=-0.27 (p=0.052) and r=-0.27
(p=0.054), respectively.
Conclusion: This study concludes that overweight/obese
post-menopausal women who were placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet
during a 3-month educational program had lower in BMI, LDL, TC and higher HDL
values. Although this study observed a positive correlation between ∆LDL and
∆TC, and a negative correlation for ∆BMD with ∆LDL and ∆TC, the study concluded
suggest an association between bone mineral density and lipid profile in
postmenopausal overweight and obese women. Further research and analysis using
larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to clarify the
relationship between an atherogenic lipid profile and bone mineral density.
Author(s) Details
Dina H. Fakhrawi
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of
Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
W. Lawrence Beeson
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of
Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health
Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University,
Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Narmina Mamed
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of
Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
T. Allan Darnell
Center for Health Promotion, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Zaida
Cordero-MacIntyre
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public
Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health
Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University,
Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7122
