Effects of Energy Restriction and Dairy Consumption on Lipids and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 5 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

Background: Women in the post-menopausal stage of life are susceptible to a number of chronic health conditions related to obesity and osteoporosis. Dairy products represent one of the five core food groups embedded in most dietary guidelines worldwide. Dietary calcium, particularly from dairy sources, has been widely studied for its potential role in improving bone health and supporting weight management.

 

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the association between lipids and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet.

 

Methodology: A total of 56 overweight/obese postmenopausal women (mean age: 55.61±8.19; mean BMI: 32.95±6.12 kg/m2; mean weight: 86.88±17.25 kg; and mean BMD level: 1.05±0.17 g/cm2) were randomly assigned into a low dairy servings [DS-2] (800 mg/d of calcium or high diary servings [DS-4] (1400 mg/d of calcium) diet to evaluate differences in bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TAG)) during a 3 month lifestyle education program. The study conducted repeated measures ANOVA (group × time interaction) with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests, Spearman and Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses.

 

Results: For the high calcium group, the change “D” in values at 3 months compared to baseline were: ∆BMD: 0.03 (p=0.31); DBMI: -0.69 (P=0.005); ∆LDL: -25.41 (p<0.001); DHDL: 3.49 (p=0.365); ∆TC: -22.14 (p=0.004) and ∆TAG: -1.97 (p=0.998). In the low calcium group, the 3 month – baseline changes were: ∆BMD: -0.04 (p=0.69); DBMI: -0.74 (P=0.002); ∆LDL: -10.86 (p=0.314); DHDL: 3.99 (p=0.269); ∆TC: -5.96 (p=0.769) and ∆TAG: 4.53 (p=0.97). ∆BMD was correlated with ∆LDL and ∆TC: r=-0.27 (p=0.052) and r=-0.27 (p=0.054), respectively.

 

Conclusion: This study concludes that overweight/obese post-menopausal women who were placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet during a 3-month educational program had lower in BMI, LDL, TC and higher HDL values. Although this study observed a positive correlation between ∆LDL and ∆TC, and a negative correlation for ∆BMD with ∆LDL and ∆TC, the study concluded suggest an association between bone mineral density and lipid profile in postmenopausal overweight and obese women. Further research and analysis using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to clarify the relationship between an atherogenic lipid profile and bone mineral density.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Narmina Mamed
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
Center for Health Promotion, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7122

 

Role of Ascorbic Acid in Fresh Myocardial Infarction–As a Diagnostic Marker | Chapter 5 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

This division was planned to judge the status of ascorbic acid in inmates suffering from MI and to equate them accompanying sane healthy things. Magnesium is an essential micronutrient for nation and is crucial in claiming healthy cardiac function. It functions as a cofactor in any of the body's catalyst systems, and myocardial containers are one of allure target tissues. The maintenance of the myocardium's common functional completeness depends on a lot of belongings including magnesium ions. Decreased antitoxin magnesium and ascorbic acid have been guide an increased risk of heart attack (MI). he present study was undertaken in the Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Medicine, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, ascribed to Government Medical College, Amritsar. Fifty patients in the exclusive informal network 30–90 years the one had accompanied the emergency Wards of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar were picked  for the study. The study was planned to judge the status of ascorbic acid in subjects suffering from MI and to equate them accompanying normal athletic individuals.  Plasma ascorbic acid levels and lipid descriptions were also supposed. In our study, we noticed that the difference middle from two points the plasma ascorbic acid levels of usual individuals and the patient of MI was statistically well significant (p<0.001). It was noticed that plasma ascorbic acid levels were depressed as age advanced. High risk for MI tells that men, the old, smokers, diabetics, and hypertensives have lowered skin ascorbic acid levels. It was again seen that the maximum number of cases was found the age of 51–70 age in MI patients. This study will decide that Ascorbic acid is an important demonstrative marker in the case of new MI. Plasma ascorbic acid may be finished as a routine investigation for the appraisal of MI and allure complications.

Author(s) Details:

Navdeep Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Jaspreet Kaur ,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College and Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V8/article/view/11736

Effects of Acarbose on Luminal Carbohydrate Uptake, Energy Intake, and Plasma Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Wistar Fatty Rats | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The incessant ingestion of insulinogenic plain carbohydrate food can impede glycemic and lipid parameters in father and animals and cause the development of pathophysiologic result. To determine the belongings of modulation of luminal hydrogen uptake on plasma glycemic and lipid sketches, groups of adult male lean and obese+NIDDM Wistar Fatty Rats were augment nutritionally complete diets where the oxygen was provided as blanched cornstarch (CS), sucrose (SU), or the SU diet holding an admixture of the luminal α-glucosidase inhibitor compound acarbose (ACB, 150 mg/kg diet) from 22 to 30 weeks adult.  Measures of body pressure, caloric intake, abstaining Insulin to glucose (I: G) percentages, and plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG) and Alpha (LDL) and Beta (HDL) Lipoprotein concentrations were persistent after 8 weeks of the dietary regime. The obese+NIDDM phenotype had greater food consumption and weight gain than the lean phenotype, that increased accompanying the SU diet. Weight gains in lean and obese+NIDDM rats augment the SU+ACB diet were comparable to those in rats of the same phenotype augment the ST diet. Fasting I:G ratios in Obese+NIDDM rats were above in ST fed rats augment the ACB diet. Plasma CHOL and TG concentrations were higher in two together sexes of obese+NIDDM rats, and ACB was accompanying with modest decreases in CHOL concentrations in two together lean and obese+NIDDM rats. The ACB had no negative reactions in either phenotype. These findings plan that luminal inhibition of oxygen digestion by way of -glucoside inhibition was linked to betterings in I:G ratios and skin lipid profiles corresponding to those seen accompanying the complex CHO ST diet, and that maybe a safe and useful help in the treatment of hydrogen intolerant states.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, BWI. MSR1110, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9834

Profiling Lipids in People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC: Hitherto Going Forth? | Chapter 10 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

Introduction: Long term use of antiretroviral therapy subpopulation living with HIV is associated with disturbances in plasma lipids concentrations. Lipids profiles were not routinely used to monitor treatment in the course of treatment resulting in adverse outcomes. Supportive information for the use of lipid concentrations is necessary for the day to day monitoring of people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment. Evidence of the importance of lipid profiles in monitoring treatment was hoped to influence end users to institute routine monitoring. To this end, the prevalence and timing of dyslipidemia onset in people living with HIV/AIDS on ART Bulawayo, Zimbabwe were determined. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe over 3 months. A cross-sectional study was conducted in people living with HIV who were on highly active anti-retroviral treatment at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC. Lipid assays were determined by Elisa methods. Viral loads and CD4 were measured using the COBAS® TaqMan® and BD FACSCount™ Flow Cytometer, respectively. Results: A total of 149 accepting participants were enrolled with most (63.2%) being females. The median age of the respondents was 43 years and their median CD4 count was 436 cells/μL after a median duration on ART of 36 months. Viral load was <40 in the majority (68.6%) of the participants. More females (63.1%) were on HAART and were aged >35 (60.4%) years. NNRTI (90.6%) were the more commonly prescribed HAART. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 70.2%. Hypercholesterolaemia was detected in 72 (48.3%) patients with 26 being male and 46 being female. High levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c ≥ 3.0 mmol/L) were found in 115 patients with 74 of them being female. Hypertriacylglycerolaemia (TAG ≥ 2.0 mmol/L) was present in 8 cases. The proportion of patients with a low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c < 1.0 mmol/L) was 15.3% while those with a ratio of TC/HDL-c ≥ 4.1 were 87.5%. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV-patients receiving HAART. There is a need for the HIV program to institute laboratory monitoring of blood lipids in patients over one year on HAART. In addition, testing and development of biomarkers of other novel pathophysiological changes and HAART outcomes that may develop in the subpopulation in time, is of paramount importance as adverse drug effects are still being experienced that may necessitate regimen changes. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Greanious Alfred Mavondo
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

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