Pattern of Dyslipidemia among Prediabetics of Karnataka State, South India: A Cross Sectional Study |Chapter 4 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

This study aims to explore the possibility of the existence of dyslipidemia among prediabetics in Karnataka state south India and to identify the risk factor(s) if any, for the onset of diabetes. Hyperglycemia can be determined by the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value which indicates the blood glucose level over the past three months. A cross-sectional study involving 310 individuals in Bangalore, Karnataka State, South India from the period of February 2022 to March 2024 was considered for the study. Within the lipid profile, Total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and the ratio of TC to HDL displayed statistically significant differences between the means of the population of healthy nondiabetics and prediabetics. So, testing of TC, HDL and TC to HDL ratio at regular intervals for prediabetics should be made mandatory, as they fall in the risk category for developing type 2 Diabetes and this regular screening of TC,  HDL and TC to HDL ratio will prevent prediabetics from progressing into type2 diabetes later on. It is a well-known fact that the HbA1c level as a predicting factor differs among races and ethnicities as the rate of glycation and RBC life span differs among racial and ethnic groups. Regarding demographic factors, abdominal obesity was found to be statistically significantly associated with prediabetes. Prediabetics should implement a regular exercise regime to prevent themselves from becoming diabetics in their later years.

 

Author (s) Details

Rao Sujatha N
Department of Biochemistry, AECS Maruthi Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/2131

Novel Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Obesity | Chapter 3 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 3

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the primary global cause of mortality annually. Numerous distinct risk factors contribute to the development of CVD, such as hypertension, age, smoking, insulin resistance, obesity, elevated concentrations of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as reduction of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Traditional markers of CVD have been insufficient to accurately predict atherogenic risk, promoting the search of novel markers such as lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), considered a marker of vascular specific inflammation and HDL functionality. Among the risk factors for CVD, obesity represents one of particular importance given that its prevalence has increased notably on a global scale. In addition to adults, obesity has become highly prevalent in pediatric populations. Importantly, childhood obesity and related complications can track into adulthood. Furthermore, the atherogenic process starts early in life and the status of these new markers of CVD risk has been insufficiently described in children and adolescents, particularly in the context of childhood obesity. In the different studies carried out by our group, we showed alterations in vascular inflammation, and different cardioprotective functions of HDL suggesting an increase in atherogenic risk in obese pediatric populations even at early age. These alterations would be present in both general and abdominal specific obesity and could extend beyond alterations in traditional markers such as lipid profile. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the status of these markers in childhood obesity. 

Author(s) Details:

Davico, Belen,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Lozano Chiappe, Ezequiel,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Gomez Rosso, Leonardo,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ballerini, Gabriela,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Boero, Laura,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Martín, Maximiliano,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Brites, Fernando,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V3/article/view/13158

Atherogenic Role of LDL(-) on Macrophages | Chapter 10 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 6

This unit assesses the inference of an inflammatory profile and the build-up of intracellular lipids in macrophages by electronegative LDL (LDL(-)). LDL(-), a modified LDL that is to say present in blood, exerts atherogenic belongings on endothelial cells and monocytes. Abundant studies focusing on LDL(-) have since existed performed, and ultimate widely accepted idea is that LDL(-) is a pool of LDL pieces modified by various mechanisms. In the study shown in this place chapter, LDL(-) and artificial-modified LDLs (oxidized, aggregated, acetylated) were increased macrophages derived from THP1 monocytes over-meaning CD14 (THP1-CD14). Then, cytokine release, cell distinction, lipid accumulation, and deoxyribonucleic acid expression were measured by ELISA, flow cytometry, thin-coating chromatography, and real-period PCR, respectively. Compared to added modified LDLs, LDL(-) induced THP1-CD14 macrophages to produce more cytokines. Additionally, LDL(-) stimulated semantic alterations linked to mature macrophages. HDL and antagonistic-TLR4 were added to compensate these effects. Macrophages ingested abundant amounts of LDL(-), which was the main inventor of intracellular lipid buildup in lipid droplets improved in triglycerides. In contrast to redness, the addition of anti-TLR4 had no effect on lipid aggregation, thus suggesting an rude answer pathway alternative to TLR4. In our study, compared to additional in vitro-reduced LDLs, LDL(-) was the main inductor of GM-CSF, IL6, and IL10 release, and it had a similar effect on IL1 β than oxLDL. This occurred in the deficiency of changes in cell increase or mortality. In this regard, LDL(-) upregulated the verbalization of the scavenger receptors CD36 and LOX-1, in addition to several genes involved in TG build-up. In summary, LDL(-) promoted macrophage distinction, inflammation, and triglyceride-enriched lipid beads formation in THP1-CD14 macrophages, presumably through different receptors. The complex interaction 'tween these pathways should be tried in future studies. Taken together, our judgments highlight new meaningful actions of LDL(-) on macrophage activation in the framework of the development of atherosclerosis.

Author(s) Details:

Núria Puig,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Berta Casaldàliga,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Pol Camps-Renom,
Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.

Francesc Jiménez-Altayó,
Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Elena Jiménez-Xarrié,
Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.

Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.

Sonia Benitez,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V6/article/view/12843

Effects of Acarbose on Luminal Carbohydrate Uptake, Energy Intake, and Plasma Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Wistar Fatty Rats | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The incessant ingestion of insulinogenic plain carbohydrate food can impede glycemic and lipid parameters in father and animals and cause the development of pathophysiologic result. To determine the belongings of modulation of luminal hydrogen uptake on plasma glycemic and lipid sketches, groups of adult male lean and obese+NIDDM Wistar Fatty Rats were augment nutritionally complete diets where the oxygen was provided as blanched cornstarch (CS), sucrose (SU), or the SU diet holding an admixture of the luminal α-glucosidase inhibitor compound acarbose (ACB, 150 mg/kg diet) from 22 to 30 weeks adult.  Measures of body pressure, caloric intake, abstaining Insulin to glucose (I: G) percentages, and plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG) and Alpha (LDL) and Beta (HDL) Lipoprotein concentrations were persistent after 8 weeks of the dietary regime. The obese+NIDDM phenotype had greater food consumption and weight gain than the lean phenotype, that increased accompanying the SU diet. Weight gains in lean and obese+NIDDM rats augment the SU+ACB diet were comparable to those in rats of the same phenotype augment the ST diet. Fasting I:G ratios in Obese+NIDDM rats were above in ST fed rats augment the ACB diet. Plasma CHOL and TG concentrations were higher in two together sexes of obese+NIDDM rats, and ACB was accompanying with modest decreases in CHOL concentrations in two together lean and obese+NIDDM rats. The ACB had no negative reactions in either phenotype. These findings plan that luminal inhibition of oxygen digestion by way of -glucoside inhibition was linked to betterings in I:G ratios and skin lipid profiles corresponding to those seen accompanying the complex CHO ST diet, and that maybe a safe and useful help in the treatment of hydrogen intolerant states.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, BWI. MSR1110, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9834

Determining the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children and Adolescents and its Association with Hyperlipidemia | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The goal of this study was to find out how common thyroid dysfunction, specifically subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is in children and adolescents in northern Andhra Pradesh, and how it relates to hyperlipidemia. Thyroid hormone can be provided to lower TSH levels, although the actual cause of TSH elevation is uncertain. Some clinicians regard SCH to be a benign normal fluctuation, and thyroid hormone can be supplemented to lower TSH levels. Age, sex, total triiodothyronine (tT3), total tetraiodothyronine (tT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL), LDL, and HDL cholesterol were all evaluated in a retrospective study of 600 participants (Children=272, Adolescents=328) between the ages of 6 and 19. The participants were divided into two groups according to their age (in years), with those aged 6 to 12 years in group I and those aged 12 to 19 years in group II. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 9.9% of the 272 children and 10.4% of the 328 adolescents that were investigated, respectively. 7.7% of children and 4.9 percent of teenagers were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism. In both groups, females were more affected by thyroid dysfunction than males. SCH individuals showed substantially higher serum levels of total cholesterol, TSH, and TGL (p0.05) than euthyroid participants. In comparison to euthyroids, SCH had statistically significant lower HDL cholesterol values (p0.05). There was no change in total T3, total T4, or LDL cholesterol levels between SCH and euthyroids. Thyroid dysfunction was found to be present in 10.2% of the research participants. 7.7% of children and 4.9 percent of teenagers had SCH, according to the study. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was the most common thyroid malfunction in our study cohort, with a prevalence of 6.2 percent (both children and adolescents).

Author(S) Details

Prasad DKV
Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prabhakara Rao TS
Department of Paediatrics, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kiranmai Ch
Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V5/article/view/6476

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Systemic Subnormal Deuterium Level on Metabolic Syndrome-Related and Other Blood Parameters in Humans | Chapter 7 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 Except for the antitumor effect, the effects of deuterium depletion on the human body have been rarely studied, and available evidence is restricted. An increase in glucose metabolism was observed in oncological patients who also had diabetes and were treated with deuterium-depleted water (DDW), and rat experiments also proved DDW's effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels. In this study, 30 people with pre-diabetes or diabetes were enrolled in a clinical trial. For 90 days, the patients were given 1.5 liters of water containing less deuterium (104 ppm instead of 145 ppm, equivalent to 12 mmol/L in humans). The effects were studied on fasting glucose and insulin levels, peripheral glucose disposal, and other metabolic parameters. DDW's effects on other physiological factors, such as qualitative blood count, were also studied. In 15 subjects, fasting insulin and glucose levels dropped, and insulin response to a glucose load increased, while in the other 15, the changes were the opposite. In 11 of the subjects, peripheral glucose disposal increased. Significant increases in serum HDL cholesterol and significant decreases in serum Na+ concentration were also observed in the majority of the subjects, the latter likely due to activation of a Na+/H+ antiporter by the decreased intracellular deuterium level. The findings support a potential beneficial function for DDW in glucose metabolism disorders, but they raise concerns that will need more research.

Author (s) Details

Gábor Somlyai
HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, 1118 Budapest, Hungary.

Ildikó Somlyai
HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, 1118 Budapest, Hungary.

István Fórizs
Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1112 Budapest, Hungary.

György Czuppon
Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1112 Budapest, Hungary.

András Papp
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.

Miklós Molnár
Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V4/article/view/907