Vitiligo and Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: Is There Any Correlation? | Chapter 8 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

Background: Within the landscape of rising skin disorders, a substantial portion is rooted in autoimmune etiology, often showcasing manifestations of systemic pathologies. This chapter explores the intricate association between autoimmune thyroid disorders and Vitiligo, a skin condition marked by progressive melanocyte loss.  Emphasis is placed on elucidating the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in vitiligo patients, specifically Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO Ab) and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG Ab) Antibodies. 

Research Methodology: A comprehensive hospital-based case-control study encompassing 60 participants was conducted to unravel the complex relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and dermatological disorders, such as psoriasis, melasma, atopic dermatitis, and Vitiligo.  Noteworthy findings indicate a robust association between autoimmune thyroid disorders and Vitiligo, with elevated thyroid Antibody levels observed in vitiligo cases compared to controls.

Key Results: The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in vitiligo patients surpasses that of the general population, underscoring the imperative for systematic screening and heightened awareness.  In-depth biochemical analyses unveil significant disparities in thyroid hormone profiles and Antibody levels between vitiligo cases and controls, hinting at a potential role of thyroid dysfunction in the etiopathogenesis of Vitiligo.

Conclusion and Implications: This chapter contributes substantively to the burgeoning body of evidence supporting the nexus between autoimmune thyroid disorders and Vitiligo.  Exploring underlying mechanisms and shared genetic factors is a foundation for informed clinical practices.  The insights from this study pave the way for enhanced patient care and the development of tailored treatment strategies for those navigating the complexities of coexisting autoimmune conditions.  The imperative of early detection and management of thyroid autoimmunity in vitiligo patients is emphasized, offering practical guidance to healthcare professionals engaged in the nuanced care of individuals grappling with autoimmune skin disorders.

Author(s) Details:

Praveen Prashant,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Usha Kataria,
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, BPS GMC for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India.

Sonia Vashist,
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Tripti Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Piyush Bansal,
Department of Biochemistry, BPS GMC for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India.

Abhishek Bansal,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V1/article/view/13216

Role of Minerals, Magnesium and Zinc in Subclinical Hypothyrodisim| Chapter 9 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 This study aim to estimate the levels of antitoxin magnesium and zinc in inmates of Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH). SCH, according to the endocrine netting is defined as an promotion in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level (4.6-10 m I U/L) with thyroid birth control method levels in the normal range. The party needs magnesium (Mg+2), a macromineral that serves as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes. For 5'-deiodinase to work correctly and as a cofactor for thyrotropin-surrendering hormone (TRH), metallic mineral (Zn+2) is necessary. The thyroid hormones that copy factors bind to and involve Zn+2 bound to cysteine residues are essential for modulating deoxyribonucleic acid expression.To recognize the instances with SCH, the antitoxin TSH, Total Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4) levels were determined utilizing the ELISA method. By spectrophotometry, a semiautomated analyst was used to determine the antitoxin magnesium concentration. Patients accompanying SCH had their serum metallic mineral judged using a sufficiently automated analyst (Vitros 5600).In SCH, both T3, T4 were inside the normal range, and TSH was in the range of 4.6-10 mI U/L. There was a statistically meaningful (p0.001) drop in antitoxin zinc levels, but not in antitoxin magnesium levels in patients accompanying subclinical hypothyroidism.

Author(s) Details:

Thuraya Abdulsalam A. A. Al-Azazi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Shaliza Verma,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Rajesh Kr Thakur,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

V. P. S. Punia,
Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

B. C. Kabi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research and Sharda Hospital, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V6/article/view/8777

Determination of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women and the Need for Universal Screening in India | Chapter 04 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and the necessity for universal screening. Three hundred and eighty pregnant women aged 20 to 32 were enlisted, with gestational ages ranging from 8 to 36 weeks. The levels of free T3, free T4, and TSH in the blood were measured using chemiluminescence. The pregnant women were separated into four groups based on the study's findings: euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid (SH), overt hypothyroid (OH), and overt hyperthyroid (OH) (OH). The mean SD age (in years) and BMI of all pregnant women in this study were 23.93.9 and 22.91.6, respectively. In both OH and overt hyperthyroidism, maternal age was statistically significant (p0.05). Women with a high BMI were also more likely than women with a normal BMI to develop OH (p0.05). Thyroid dysfunction was discovered to affect 18.7% of the population. Hypothyroidism affected 17.4% of the population, with the SH accounting for 13.4% and overt hypothyroidism accounting for 3.9 percent, but overt hyperthyroidism accounting for 1.3 percent. TSH levels rise with gestational age, with a statistically significant difference (p0.05) between 2.721.85 IU/mL in the first trimester and 3.42.05 IU/mL in the third trimester. Finally, with a relative risk (RR) of 7.64, a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 4.62-12.65, and a p-value of 0.0001, it was observed that the prevalence of raised TSH in high-risk pregnant women was higher than in low-risk pregnant women (35.6 percent versus 5.1 percent). However, 14 of the 51 persons with SH (27.5%) were classified as low-risk. This study discovered that 18.7% of pregnant women have thyroid dysfunction, emphasising the importance of screening all pregnant women for thyroid dysfunction, not only high-risk pregnant women, in order to avert both maternal and foetal morbidity.

Author(S) Details

Prabhavathi V
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India

Prasad DKV
Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Determining the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Children and Adolescents and its Association with Hyperlipidemia | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The goal of this study was to find out how common thyroid dysfunction, specifically subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is in children and adolescents in northern Andhra Pradesh, and how it relates to hyperlipidemia. Thyroid hormone can be provided to lower TSH levels, although the actual cause of TSH elevation is uncertain. Some clinicians regard SCH to be a benign normal fluctuation, and thyroid hormone can be supplemented to lower TSH levels. Age, sex, total triiodothyronine (tT3), total tetraiodothyronine (tT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL), LDL, and HDL cholesterol were all evaluated in a retrospective study of 600 participants (Children=272, Adolescents=328) between the ages of 6 and 19. The participants were divided into two groups according to their age (in years), with those aged 6 to 12 years in group I and those aged 12 to 19 years in group II. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 9.9% of the 272 children and 10.4% of the 328 adolescents that were investigated, respectively. 7.7% of children and 4.9 percent of teenagers were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism. In both groups, females were more affected by thyroid dysfunction than males. SCH individuals showed substantially higher serum levels of total cholesterol, TSH, and TGL (p0.05) than euthyroid participants. In comparison to euthyroids, SCH had statistically significant lower HDL cholesterol values (p0.05). There was no change in total T3, total T4, or LDL cholesterol levels between SCH and euthyroids. Thyroid dysfunction was found to be present in 10.2% of the research participants. 7.7% of children and 4.9 percent of teenagers had SCH, according to the study. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was the most common thyroid malfunction in our study cohort, with a prevalence of 6.2 percent (both children and adolescents).

Author(S) Details

Prasad DKV
Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Prabhakara Rao TS
Department of Paediatrics, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kiranmai Ch
Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Early Assessment of the Risk of Developing Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Chapter 07 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Background: It is well established that subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) might exacerbate the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (NAFLD). NAFLD, in turn, encourages thyroid gland hypofunction. Patients with SH have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, although research on SH screening recommendations is conflicting and inadequate.

The goal of this study was to determine the risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who had a different risk of cardiovascular complications, as well as the relationship between a high risk of developing SH and major cardiovascular factors (CV). Methods and materials: 298 patients with NAFLD who had one or more CV risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia) and different levels of CV risk factors on the SCORE scale participated in a one-stage clinical research. A standard questionnaire was given to all patients, and HRQ conducted a thyroid status investigation.

According to the level of overall CV risk for SCORE, patients were classified into three groups: Low/moderate CV risk was 33.9 percent, high CV risk was 41.9 percent, and extremely high CV risk was 24.2 percent. The majority of the participants were between the ages of 50 and 59, and 60 and 69. 22.2 percent of patients in the 40-49 year age group had a high CV risk, 28% of men in the 50-59 year age range had a moderate CV risk, and 49.7% of older patients had a very high CV risk. According to the results of an HRQ questionnaire survey, 34.9 percent of patients have a low risk of developing hypertension, 48.9 percent have a moderate risk, and 16.1 percent have a high risk. According to the HRQ questionnaire, people who have a very high CV risk on the SCORE scale also have a high probability of acquiring the SH. Early signs of thyroid status problems should be discovered in individuals with one or more of the above CV risk factors, and the risk of developing hypertension should be examined. This strategy aids in the accurate assessment of the risk of SH in patients with NAFLD and the creation of primary preventative strategies.

Author(S) Details

Olena Kolesnikova
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Valeriya Nemtsova
Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Anna Isayeva
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3693