Diet and Oxidative Stress: A Way Forward towards Prevention of Chronic Diseases | Chapter 9 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 10

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defence mechanisms of a cell. It causes damage to the cellular environment. This forms the basic pathophysiology of most chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Dietary patterns significantly influence oxidative stress levels. Rich antioxidant diets are said to reduce ROS, whereas pro-oxidant diets promote oxidative damage. This chapter emphasises the complex relationship between diet and oxidative stress and looks at markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), among others. It stipulates how rich-in-antioxidant foods, including fruits and vegetables, as well as other micronutrients such as selenium, zinc, and magnesium, exert antioxidant effects against oxidative stress, while pro-oxidant dietary components-those foods that are processed, have high saturated fats, as well as sugars-push oxidative stress and inflammation. It also emphasises how different diets, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and Western diets affect oxidative stress. Evidence even shows that plant-based and Mediterranean diets are associated with reduced oxidative stress, whereas the Western diet encourages its increasing prevalence. Furthermore, research has revealed that oxidative stress is regulated by gut microbiota through diet effects. By making use of diets rich in antioxidants and reducing pro-oxidant intake, oxidative stress could be significantly brought down, thus giving an avenue of preventive management over chronic diseases. This chapter shall provide outlines on the role of diet as a modifiable risk factor to bring down oxidative stress and its long-term health effects.

 

Author (s) Details

Jothi Marie Feula A
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India.

 

Saravanan M
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India.

 

Anandhalakshmi S
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India.

 

James Rajesh J
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v10/3038

Early Assessment of the Risk of Developing Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Chapter 07 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Background: It is well established that subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) might exacerbate the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (NAFLD). NAFLD, in turn, encourages thyroid gland hypofunction. Patients with SH have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, although research on SH screening recommendations is conflicting and inadequate.

The goal of this study was to determine the risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who had a different risk of cardiovascular complications, as well as the relationship between a high risk of developing SH and major cardiovascular factors (CV). Methods and materials: 298 patients with NAFLD who had one or more CV risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia) and different levels of CV risk factors on the SCORE scale participated in a one-stage clinical research. A standard questionnaire was given to all patients, and HRQ conducted a thyroid status investigation.

According to the level of overall CV risk for SCORE, patients were classified into three groups: Low/moderate CV risk was 33.9 percent, high CV risk was 41.9 percent, and extremely high CV risk was 24.2 percent. The majority of the participants were between the ages of 50 and 59, and 60 and 69. 22.2 percent of patients in the 40-49 year age group had a high CV risk, 28% of men in the 50-59 year age range had a moderate CV risk, and 49.7% of older patients had a very high CV risk. According to the results of an HRQ questionnaire survey, 34.9 percent of patients have a low risk of developing hypertension, 48.9 percent have a moderate risk, and 16.1 percent have a high risk. According to the HRQ questionnaire, people who have a very high CV risk on the SCORE scale also have a high probability of acquiring the SH. Early signs of thyroid status problems should be discovered in individuals with one or more of the above CV risk factors, and the risk of developing hypertension should be examined. This strategy aids in the accurate assessment of the risk of SH in patients with NAFLD and the creation of primary preventative strategies.

Author(S) Details

Olena Kolesnikova
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Valeriya Nemtsova
Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Anna Isayeva
Government Institution «L.T.Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V11/article/view/3693

Determining the Factors Associated with Prognosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Chapter 19 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that occurs at the intersection of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver failure. Metformin's role in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been explored in recent studies. This finding hasn't been looked into on a global basis, nor has it been looked into in diverse ethnic groups.

The goal of this study is to determine the risk variables related with the prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a cohort of patients in Palestine's southern West Bank.

Methods: A retrospective cohort research included 300 NAFLD patients who visited the Hebron Governmental Hospital's internal medicine department between October 2017 and September 2018. This study included 233 patients who had been diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients' profiles were combed through for recent lab test results, comorbidity, and medication history. SPSS V20 was used to analyse the data. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score calculator was used to calculate the liver fibrosis score.

The study included 230 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (58.6% of whom were females) with an average age of 54.78 (12.27) years. Nearly 65.5 percent of these individuals have a BMI of more over 30 kg/m2. When compared to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease individuals who are not diabetic, 62.25 percent of the 58 diabetes patients in this study had a liver fibrosis score > 0.676. Diabetes and fibrosis score had a statistically significant link (=0.000). There was also a significant link between hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients' fibrosis score (=0.023), as well as a significant relationship between fibrosis score and hypertension (=0.000). In the same study, there was a significant association between NAFLD patients on statin therapy and those who were not on statin therapy, with a value of 0.015. Metformin did not appear to have a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients who used it and those who did not.

Conclusion: Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and statin use were all linked to a poor prognosis for NAFLD. All NAFLD patients must maintain strict hypertension and dyslipidemia management.

Author(S) Details

Muamar M. A. Shaheen
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Mohanad Saleh
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine and Respiratory Department and Attending Internist at Intensive Care Unit Respiratory Department, Al-Ahli Hospital, Hebron, Palestine.

Deema Sider
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Reem A. l. Natsheh
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Raghad Dweik
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V10/article/view/4641