Efficacy of Educative Session on Knowledge, Approach, and Application on Diabetes and Dyslipidemia: A Study on the Patients of a Private Medical College Hospital in South India | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

Non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are on the floor of insulin resistance favored by a common, prevalent condition called obesity. Although it seems very simple to control and get rid of the condition, lack of knowledge or unawareness, attitude towards it, and wrong daily life practices are likely to affect the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are non-communicable diseases that can be prevented and managed through a healthy lifestyle. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients is crucial for advocacy (to help healthcare providers set guidelines), communication (to raise awareness among specific subpopulations), and social mobilization (to enhance services and broaden community support). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational session on KAP related to diabetes and dyslipidemia among patients at a private medical college hospital in South India. The study was a cross-sectional analysis involving 100 patients (41 females and 59 males) aged 18-50 years who attended the hospital and the Central Clinical Laboratory for various health conditions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on personal details and knowledge about diabetes and dyslipidemia. Among the participants, 18% had completed school education, 74% had undergraduate degrees, and 8% had completed postgraduate studies. Additionally, 84% of participants were from rural backgrounds, while 16% were from urban areas. The frequency of physical activity showed that 71% of patients were active, while 29% led a sedentary lifestyle. The study also collected information on patients' sources of knowledge about treatment to inform future advocacy efforts. The participants' understanding of different aspects, including the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, complications of diabetes, lipid profiles, dietary fiber, and the role of exercise, was assessed. Results indicated that the clarity of information about diabetes significantly improved after the educational session. Around 80% of respondents believed that dietary fiber and regular exercise play a role in preventing diabetes. The analysis of attitudes and practices showed a substantial improvement in understanding and adherence to a proper diet, exercise routines, and regular healthcare following the educational session. In conclusion, the study suggests that healthcare providers should focus on patient education tailored to specific needs, aiming to cultivate positive attitudes toward healthy lifestyle practices alongside proper treatment. This emphasizes the importance of educative and counseling sessions to be provided as a routine part of the treatment plan to all the patients attending the tertiary care center for the treatment of diabetes and dyslipidemia.

 

Author (s) Details

M Vasanthan
Department of Biochemistry, Chettinad Health and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.

VM Vinodhini
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v10/3022

Determination of Hyperuricemia and its Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Yemeni People in Sana’a City, Yemen | Chapter 12 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

 This chapter aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in sample of Yemeni adult individual and its relationship to certain cardiovascular risk factors namely obesity, hypertension, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high serum triglyceride, Low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and high Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C). Hyperurecemia is metabolic problem that has become increasingly worldwide over the past several decades and it's the most risk factor for gout. Over the past few decades, hyperuricemia-a metabolic condition-has become more prevalent all over the world. It is more common in both developed and developing nations, such as Yemen. This was across sectional population based study conducted in Sana'a city for a period of 16 months from April 2017 to August 2018, a sample of 600 adult Yemeni people (275 male and 325 female aged ≥ 18 years) was randomly selected from those attending Al-Kuwait University Hospital and Consultation Clinic. All the study groups undergo full clinical history and examination includes measurement of BP and BMI, WC and the following laboratory investigation (FBS, Basal serum uric acid level, total cholesterol, serum TG, HDL and LDL).

The prevalence of hyperuricemia in this study was 8.8% (11.6% male and 6.4% female). The serum uric acid level in this study was significantly correlated with age, Waist Circumference (WC), SBP, DBP, FBS, T-cholesterol, TG and LDL but not with HDL. Elevation of the serum uric acid level has been known associated with major cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity, which are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, methods for the early identification, management, and prevention of hyperurecemia are desperately needed since they may help lower the risk of serious side effects such chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammed Ahmed Bamashmos,
Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Sana'a University, Yemen.

Khaled Al-Aghbar,
Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Sana'a University, Yemen.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13524

Study about Physiological Benefit of Intermittent Fasting | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This division aimed to devote effort to something different facets of Intermittent Fasting and its physiologic benefit. Intermittent fasting is an eating plan that switches betwixt fasting and consuming on a regular schedule. It is a type of Popular Dietary Pattern of Practice that is based on Timed Periods of Fasting. Intermittent abstaining works by extending the period when your carcass has burned through the calories exhausted during your last food and begins burning fat.  Time-limited eating and alternate-era fasting are two different regimens. Despite the lack of important randomized control trials trying the connection betwixt CVS result and intermittent abstaining, recent research displays that diet restriction is beneficial to overall energy. Some Study suggest that alternate era fasting is about as productive as a typical reduced calori diet for weight misfortune. Intermittent fasting is cautious for many people but it is other than everyone.

Author(s) Details:

Amiyakanta Mishra,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri, Odisha, India.

Biswaranjan Ray,
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Balasore, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12551

Inflammatory Indicators Associated with Hypothyroidism | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Emerging controlled evidence has suggested that changed thyroid hormones can influence lipid metabolism and lead to dyslipidemia in hypothyroid sufferers. Inflammatory markers are more important factors to recognize and prognoses the status of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a dispassionate syndrome resulting from the inadequacy of thyroid hormones, which results from lowered secretion of both T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine), heedless of the cause, resulting in a statement slowing unhappy of metabolic processes. Numerous findings suggest that hypothyroidism was a very influenced accompanying TNF-α, IL 6, and IL 1. In this chapter, we review the role of instigative markers in hypothyroidism. It seems that for early disease and prevention, these markers maybe used in hypothyroidism so that improve their prognosis.

Author(s) Details:

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, India.

Mridula Mittal,
Department of Physiology, Adesh Medical College, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College, Hindu Rao Hospital, Malka Ganj, New Delhi, India.

Navdeep Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, India.

Rajesh Kumar,
Department of Anatomy, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India.

Rishu,
Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Government Medical College, Faridkot, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12306

Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation: Assessments in Exogenous and Endogenous Dyslipidemia Models | Chapter 9| Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This episode was designed to judge the effects of a novel herbal cure called “GANMO” on experimental subject models. Dyslipidemia refers to the excess rank of fatty substances containing cholesterol, triglyceride, low-mass lipoprotein (LDL-C), and decreased extreme-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the bloodstream. In this study, we secondhand Propylthiouracil (Rieserstat®)50mg, Cholesterol (Merk-Germany), Acid Cholic, Poloxamer 407, (Sigma–Singapore), Atorvastatin 10mg (Stellapharm J.V. Co., Ltd), Peanut oil (Vietnam). Our finding accompanied that TG concentration raised substantially by 6.8-fold, TC levels and non-HDL-C concentrations raised by 2.9-fold and 4.1-fold respectively. Base on the success of the P-407 inferred hyperlipidemia model, the effects of the GANMO capsule could be judged precisely. GANMO significantly discounted serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-extreme-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in two together models at both doses when compared to the model group. Rats likely high doses of GANMO had greater levels of HDL cholesterol than rats given reduced doses.  GANMO at both doses diminished substantially TG level in the endogenous hyperlipidemia model. In conclusion, GANMO tablets formal a positive effect on antitoxin lipid modulations in dyslipidemia models.

Author(s) Details:

Pham Ba Tuyen,

Traditional Medicine Hospital, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnsam.

Truong Thi Huyen,

Traditional Medicine Hospital, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnsam.

Dinh Thi Thu Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Thi Van Anh,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V5/article/view/11389

Identification of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents: The Slovak Lipid Community Study| Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Objective: The aim concerning this study search out estimate remark values for lipid sketch of Slovak pediatric populace to advance the labeling of offsprings with dyslipidemia.Methods: A total of 873 athletic infants old 7-18 age (55% guys) were included in the cross-divided Slovak Lipid Community Study. Fasting ancestry samples were calm and standard lipid processes for total cholesterol (TC), depressed-bulk lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-bulk lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were secondhand. Smoothed citation lines and percentiles (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th) were create utilizing LMS method.Results: All lipid limits except that TC and LDL-C in schoolgirls were larger in adolescence than in adolescence, and movement lipid levels frequently varied 'tween common with fermenting. At the age of 17-18 age, 6% of children and 15% of schoolgirls had atypical TC levels whereas strange TG levels bestowed 11% of fellows and 13% of young women. Abnormal depressed HDL-C levels were noticed in 17% of boys and 10% of daughters.Conclusions: The results concerning this study desire that age and neuter, in pediatric populace, play an important duty for lipid sketch judgment. In addition, supposed age- and grammatical rules applying to nouns that connote sex or animateness-based remark cut points for antitoxin lipids grant permission help labeling of children accompanying dyslipidemia.

Author(s) Details:

Roman Alberty,
Department of Biology and Ecology, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.

Dáša Albertyová,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, F. D. Roosevelt Hospital, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V8/article/view/9347

Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors - A Multifactorial Disease| Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Cerebrovascular ailment (CVD) is one of the chief causes of morbidity and humanness in adult life. Cerebrovascular diseases contain stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and vascular deformity. Ischemic strokes are the most coarse type of stroke and they account for 80%–85% of cerebrovascular ailments worldwide. Clinical presentation of stroke is changing depending upon the engrossment of vascular territory. The plant structure of ischemic stroke varies indifferent populations due to dissimilarities in lifestyle, tangible and genetic determinants. It also changes across age groups. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking have been recognized as major risk determinants. Many of the risk factors for stroke are changeable. Recognition and early intervention of risk determinants can help to reduce the occurrence of ischemic stroke. The distribution of risk factors and their affect ischemic stroke may change by geographical region and cultural education. This chapter concentrated on the miscellaneous risk factors that influence the growth of CVD and its device.

Author(s) Details:

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India.

Vishal Gupta,
Department of Community Medicine, GGSMCH, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Mridula Mittal,
Department of Physiology, Adesh Medical College, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V6/article/view/8601

Determination of Metabolic Syndrome among North Indian Adolescents| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

 The current review meant to appraise the commonness of MS utilizing pediatric International Diabetic Federation (IDF) definition and contrast it and evaluations of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definition among young people in Northern India. The beginning of metabolic condition (MS) in youngsters and teenagers is altogether expanded by adolescence stoutness. Studies are expected to decide the frequency of these metabolic irregularities in the adolescent populace because of the critical commonness of insulin obstruction and MS in the Indian grown-up populace. At a sum of 899 teenagers going to class (matured 10-18 years) partook in this populace based planned review. All the clinical and biochemical appraisal were finished after appropriate assent. The not set in stone by the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III definition adjusted for age and pediatric IDF definition. The commonness of MS was 3.5% as per ATP III measures and 1.5% in view of IDF models. No critical distinction in sexual orientation was seen in the circulation of MS. Hypertriglyceridemia was the most widely recognized and stomach heftiness the most un-normal constituent of MS. This study gives the primary appraisals of MS involving pediatric IDF definition in the young adult populace from Northern India. Quick way of life alterations are expected to control the weight plague and its metabolic outcomes. Besides, research is had to know the impacts of adolescence on stoutness and its late results.

Author(s) Details:

Riyaz Ahmad Bhat,
Department of General Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India.

Irshad Paray,
Department of General Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India.

Showkat Zargar,
Department of Gastroenterelogy, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India.

Ashraf Ganie,
Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India.

Imran Khan,
Department of General Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V4/article/view/8002

Effect of Moringa oleifera on Atherogenic Lipoprotein Indices of HIV Infected Adults on Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen in UPTH, Nigeria | Chapter 1 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 

 The use of the antiviral regimen Tenofovir (TDF) based (Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz) for the treatment of HIV has been linked to dyslipidaemia, which is linked to cardiovascular problems and a shorter life span. The study assessed the impact of Moringa oleifera supplementation on metabolic anomalies related to HIV patients on TDF-based regimen using a randomised comparative experiment. The RCT was a trial with two arms that depended on time (intervention TDF-M and control TDF-NM). Out of the 140 individuals that were recruited, 56 were in the TDF-M group (received the Moringa Supplement) and 84 were in the TDF-NM group (control). At baseline, while at lower levels, more than 50% of the patients had abnormal atherogenic lipoprotein indices (Log [TC/HDL-C] = 85.7%; TC/HDL-C = 58.5%; and LDL-C/HDL-C = 51.4%). The proportion of TDF-M individuals at CVD risk has decreased. Following the administration of the Moringa supplement for 12 weeks, the proportion of TDF-NM subjects at risk for CVD increased to 53.6% (x2=26.67, P 0.001), a significant (40.4 percent) drop. Higher TGL and LDL levels were seen in CVD-at-risk HIV patients on a TDF-based regimen, which had an opposite effect on HDL levels and a detrimental effect on atherogenic indices. After 4 weeks (visit 1), the proportion changes between the TDF-M group and the TDF-NM group were not statistically different; however, after 12 weeks (visit 2) of moringa administration, the subjects on moringa had 4.67 [2.39 - 9.13] higher odds of normal API (x2[Yates]=24.688; P0.001), 2.39 [1.58 - 3.60] higher odds of normal TC/HDL-c (x2[Yates]= (P = 0.001; x2[Yates]=23.388). The atherogenic lipoprotein indices of both groups saw significant changes during the research, with the TDF-NM group showing improved values. This supports the argument for using moringa as a dietary supplement to treat dyslipidemia brought on by ART.

Author(s) Details:

C. F. Anyanwu,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

G. C. Owhonda,
Directorate of Public Health & Disease Control Services, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Nigeria.

A. W. Obianime,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

I. M. Siminialayi,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

R. B. Kanee,
Institute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

E. O. Aigbogun Jr.,
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, ESUT College of Medicine, Park Ln Hospital Rd, GRA 400102, Enugu, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V5/article/view/7769

Study on Pattern and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the Various Ethnic Groups of Trinidad and Tobago | Chapter 10 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 8

 Background: Dyslipidemia is a crucial component of the metabolic syndrome and has long been linked to the development of issues such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, there have been reports of differences in the pattern of lipid derangements, particularly between people of African heritage and their South Asian counterparts.

The goal of this study is to highlight the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors among Trinidad and Tobago's various ethnic groups.

Materials and Methods: Each of the 968 participants in this study had 10 mL of blood drawn after an overnight fast of 10–12 hours. Plasma and sera were tested for glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density cholesterol (HDL-c), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL). Height, weight, waist circumference, age, gender, education, occupation, ethnicity, and medical history, including medications, were all measured in each subject.

Results: Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 33.88 percent of the patients in our study, with the highest prevalence of 46.69 percent seen in South Asians. Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all different (p 0.05) amongst ethnic groups. However, HDL-c levels were similar across ethnic groups, with the exception that patients of South Asian descent have a trend toward non-significantly greater HDL-c levels than other ethnic groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The study highlighted the well-known considerable discrepancy in lipid profiles amongst people of different ethnic groups in Trinidad and Tobago, particularly among patients with chronic noncommunicable disease (CNCD).

Author(S) Details

Idris Saleh
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

B. Shivananda Nayak
Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V8/article/view/5279

Determining the Factors Associated with Prognosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | Chapter 19 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that occurs at the intersection of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and liver failure. Metformin's role in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been explored in recent studies. This finding hasn't been looked into on a global basis, nor has it been looked into in diverse ethnic groups.

The goal of this study is to determine the risk variables related with the prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a cohort of patients in Palestine's southern West Bank.

Methods: A retrospective cohort research included 300 NAFLD patients who visited the Hebron Governmental Hospital's internal medicine department between October 2017 and September 2018. This study included 233 patients who had been diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients' profiles were combed through for recent lab test results, comorbidity, and medication history. SPSS V20 was used to analyse the data. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score calculator was used to calculate the liver fibrosis score.

The study included 230 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (58.6% of whom were females) with an average age of 54.78 (12.27) years. Nearly 65.5 percent of these individuals have a BMI of more over 30 kg/m2. When compared to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease individuals who are not diabetic, 62.25 percent of the 58 diabetes patients in this study had a liver fibrosis score > 0.676. Diabetes and fibrosis score had a statistically significant link (=0.000). There was also a significant link between hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients' fibrosis score (=0.023), as well as a significant relationship between fibrosis score and hypertension (=0.000). In the same study, there was a significant association between NAFLD patients on statin therapy and those who were not on statin therapy, with a value of 0.015. Metformin did not appear to have a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients who used it and those who did not.

Conclusion: Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and statin use were all linked to a poor prognosis for NAFLD. All NAFLD patients must maintain strict hypertension and dyslipidemia management.

Author(S) Details

Muamar M. A. Shaheen
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Mohanad Saleh
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine and Respiratory Department and Attending Internist at Intensive Care Unit Respiratory Department, Al-Ahli Hospital, Hebron, Palestine.

Deema Sider
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Reem A. l. Natsheh
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

Raghad Dweik
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebron University, Hebron, P.O. Box 40, Palestine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V10/article/view/4641

Encapsulation of Anti-dyslipidemic Drug as a Controlled Release Tablet Using Proanthocyanidin Polymer | Book Publisher International

 Many people today are at high risk of coronary heart disease, and few drugs are available to assist them achieve their lipid goals. Niacin is one of the most promising drugs for dyslipidemia, with impressive lipid profile improvements. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) is the most effective medication for changing lipid diseases such as raised non-HDL cholesterol, elevated lipoproteins, elevated triglycerides, and lowering HDL cholesterol, and is thus useful in reducing residual cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia. We will discuss extended release dosage forms, factors that cause dyslipidemia and its symptoms, nicotinic acid mechanism, applications, and how it aids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, proanthocyanidin polymer, and the development of nicotinic acid controlled release tablet with proanthocyanidin polymer using the encapsulation technique in this book. The goal of this method of creating nicotinic acid tablets is to establish a constant drug level in plasma with fewer oscillations by releasing the medication slowly over time. The encapsulation efficiency was 99.73 percent and the drug content was 99.52 percent. The medicine was released at a rate of 97.2 percent for up to 12 hours, and at a rate of 97.74 percent for 11 hours. The medication was released in a zero-order sequence. The findings suggested that NA controlled-release tablets created using encapsulation are more effective than traditional dosage forms and have improved patient compliance. This book experiments and studies the efficacy of nicotinic acid in decreasing cholesterol levels and treating dyslipidemia, as well as the efficacy of nicotinic acid as a controlled release.

Author(s) Detalis

Ravi Manne
Environmental & Industrial Hygiene Services, Chemtex, Port Arthur, Texas, USA.

Agilandeswari Devarajan
Research & Development, Synapsesai India Private Limited, Indore, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/EADCRTUPP/article/view/1890

Profiling Lipids in People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC: Hitherto Going Forth? | Chapter 10 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

Introduction: Long term use of antiretroviral therapy subpopulation living with HIV is associated with disturbances in plasma lipids concentrations. Lipids profiles were not routinely used to monitor treatment in the course of treatment resulting in adverse outcomes. Supportive information for the use of lipid concentrations is necessary for the day to day monitoring of people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment. Evidence of the importance of lipid profiles in monitoring treatment was hoped to influence end users to institute routine monitoring. To this end, the prevalence and timing of dyslipidemia onset in people living with HIV/AIDS on ART Bulawayo, Zimbabwe were determined. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe over 3 months. A cross-sectional study was conducted in people living with HIV who were on highly active anti-retroviral treatment at Mpilo Central Hospital OIC. Lipid assays were determined by Elisa methods. Viral loads and CD4 were measured using the COBAS® TaqMan® and BD FACSCount™ Flow Cytometer, respectively. Results: A total of 149 accepting participants were enrolled with most (63.2%) being females. The median age of the respondents was 43 years and their median CD4 count was 436 cells/μL after a median duration on ART of 36 months. Viral load was <40 in the majority (68.6%) of the participants. More females (63.1%) were on HAART and were aged >35 (60.4%) years. NNRTI (90.6%) were the more commonly prescribed HAART. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 70.2%. Hypercholesterolaemia was detected in 72 (48.3%) patients with 26 being male and 46 being female. High levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c ≥ 3.0 mmol/L) were found in 115 patients with 74 of them being female. Hypertriacylglycerolaemia (TAG ≥ 2.0 mmol/L) was present in 8 cases. The proportion of patients with a low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c < 1.0 mmol/L) was 15.3% while those with a ratio of TC/HDL-c ≥ 4.1 were 87.5%. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV-patients receiving HAART. There is a need for the HIV program to institute laboratory monitoring of blood lipids in patients over one year on HAART. In addition, testing and development of biomarkers of other novel pathophysiological changes and HAART outcomes that may develop in the subpopulation in time, is of paramount importance as adverse drug effects are still being experienced that may necessitate regimen changes. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Greanious Alfred Mavondo
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189