Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Cerebrovascular Disease: Implications for Diagnosis | Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 2

Dysregulation of the balance between oxidative and protective mechanisms is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. Elevated plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is also recognized as a contributing factor in vascular pathology.  Fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum ACE activity, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes, and serum vitamin E concentration in stroke and TIA patients and healthy control. The correlation between ACE activity and stroke severity/outcome was also assessed. Serum ACE activity was significantly elevated in both stroke and TIA groups compared to controls. Patients with CVD exhibited significantly increased levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and MDA. Conversely, significant reductions were observed in HDL-C, erythrocyte SOD activity, and serum vitamin E concentration in the CVD group compared to controls. These findings suggest that oxidative stress, alongside dyslipidemia, contributes to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke and TIA. The observed oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may be associated with stroke severity. Furthermore, the significant elevation of serum ACE activity in stroke and TIA patients correlates with increased disease severity and poorer outcomes in CVD. This chapter highlights the potential role of ACE and oxidative stress in the development and progression of cerebrovascular events.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jaspreet Kaur
Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

 

Mridula Mittal
Department of Physiology, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Vishal Gupta
Department of Community Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical college & Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

 

Purnima Jindal
Department of Biochemistry, M.M. College of Medical Sciences & Research, Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana, India.

 

Jaswant Kaur
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v2/4083

Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors - A Multifactorial Disease| Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Cerebrovascular ailment (CVD) is one of the chief causes of morbidity and humanness in adult life. Cerebrovascular diseases contain stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and vascular deformity. Ischemic strokes are the most coarse type of stroke and they account for 80%–85% of cerebrovascular ailments worldwide. Clinical presentation of stroke is changing depending upon the engrossment of vascular territory. The plant structure of ischemic stroke varies indifferent populations due to dissimilarities in lifestyle, tangible and genetic determinants. It also changes across age groups. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking have been recognized as major risk determinants. Many of the risk factors for stroke are changeable. Recognition and early intervention of risk determinants can help to reduce the occurrence of ischemic stroke. The distribution of risk factors and their affect ischemic stroke may change by geographical region and cultural education. This chapter concentrated on the miscellaneous risk factors that influence the growth of CVD and its device.

Author(s) Details:

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India.

Vishal Gupta,
Department of Community Medicine, GGSMCH, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Mridula Mittal,
Department of Physiology, Adesh Medical College, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V6/article/view/8601

Hypomagnesemia - A New Perspective | Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Hypomagnesemia means a significant drop in magnesium in the body. Its most generally seen in cases with diabetes mellitus- associated complications. The end of the study is to determine the situations of magnesium in diabetes mellitus, and its associated complaint, in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cases. Diabetes Mellitus isn't a single complaint reality, but rather a group of metabolic diseases participating common features of hyperglycemia. One of the major complications of diabetes mellitus( DM) is cardiovascular complaint( CAD), which is the foremost cause of death in cases of north India. Magnesium acts as an intracellular electrolyte that helps regulate calcium affluence and potassium exodus, enabling the cardiac muscle to survive duringischemia.In the Atherosclerotic threat in Communities( ARIC) study, serum magnesium situations were equally related to the prevalence of hypertension and stroke. Hence, serum magnesium situations are lower in hypertension and diabetes mellitus, both of which are threat factors for stroke. Several findings may parade the extent of insufficiency of magnesium as a trace element about the duration of the complaint. It may be employed to optimize the control of type- 2 diabetes mellitus by supplementation of magnesium. This chapter provides an overview of early hypomagnesemia operation to reduce the threat of diabetes mellitus and its complications. By doing so the metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus can be delayed.

Author(s) Details:

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, U. P.,India. 

Navdeep Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, AcharyaShriChander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu,India.  

Tejinder Singh,
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Amritsar, Punjab,India.

Deepika Dalaal,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8460