Serum Magnesium Levels in Pre-diabetics and Its Correlation to Body Mass Index | Chapter 13 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and recent estimates indicate that one out of three people will develop diabetes during their lifetime. Diabetes is a growing public health burden across the world, particularly in developing countries. Homeostasis of trace elements such as magnesium has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications. Studies have found out an association between serum magnesium and incident diabetes; where diabetes may induce urinary magnesium loss. However, in pre-diabetes, serum glucose levels are below the threshold for urinary magnesium wasting and hence unlikely to influence serum magnesium levels. This study was done to assess their serum magnesium levels and find their correlation.
 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 120 pre-diabetic subjects. Pre-diabetes was diagnosed as per ADA guidelines and body mass index was calculated according to Asian guidelines of BMI. Serum magnesium levels were done for all of them and statistically analysed to correlate the serum magnesium with body mass. All the statistical data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
 
Results: The present study observed that 69 out of 120 pre-diabetics, 57.5% have low magnesium levels. This study showed that 57.5% of pre-diabetics have normal body mass index, out of which more than half of them have normal serum magnesium. But out of 12 obese pre-diabetics, 11 had low serum magnesium 91.6%. (P value 0.026 which is statistically significant).
 
Conclusions: This study observed that serum magnesium levels are low in Pre-diabetics. Significant hypomagnesemia has been seen in pre-diabetics with high BMI compared to those with normal BMI. Further studies will be needed to elaborate on this association, monitoring the diets and physical activity in a larger population.

Author(s) Details:

Ajeesh Koshy,
Department of Medicine, Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.

Roshan M.,
Department of Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13554

Correlation Analysis of Serum Magnesium Levels with Renal Parameters in AKI Patients | Chapter 1 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

This chapter aimed to correlate serum magnesium levels with renal parameters in patients with Acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.

AKI is a prevalent condition with a range of causes and effects, including electrolyte imbalances that can manifest as hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, or hypocalcemia depending on the stage. One of the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities seen in hospitalized patients, particularly in the critically ill, is hypomagnesemia. As a result, we made the decision to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and AKI.

A total of 100 patients from those attending medicine OPD and getting admitted in medicine ward, Victoria &Bowring hospital, attached to Bangalore medical college and research institute, during the period of November 1st 2016 to august 30th 2018 was taken for the study. The decrease in magnesium <1.7 mg/L was defined as hypomagnesaemia. AKI was defined as per AKIN criteria. Day 1, day 3 and day 6 magnesium levels were measured.

Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 53%, 30% and 36% on day 1, day 3 and day 6 respectively. Out of 120 cases, 20 cases were excluded out of which 4 were due to obstructive uropathy, 6 were suffering from multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and 10 were diabetic. 66patients recovered from AKI and 34 did not recover, all 34 patients were treated with haemodialysis. It was observed that there was a positive correlation between serum magnesium, and serum creatinine. Normomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia on day 1,3 and 6 were significantly associated with recovery of AKI (p=<0.001).

In AKI patients, hypomagnesemia was far more common, and recovery was correlated with normal magnesium and hypermagnesium levels on days 1, 3, and 6. Hypomagnesemia was linked to non recovery rather than improvement.

Author(s) Details:

Raveendra K. R.,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Avinash H. R.,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Nitish Ashok Gurav,
Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, KR Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V2/article/view/13087

Hypomagnesemia - A New Perspective | Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Hypomagnesemia means a significant drop in magnesium in the body. Its most generally seen in cases with diabetes mellitus- associated complications. The end of the study is to determine the situations of magnesium in diabetes mellitus, and its associated complaint, in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cases. Diabetes Mellitus isn't a single complaint reality, but rather a group of metabolic diseases participating common features of hyperglycemia. One of the major complications of diabetes mellitus( DM) is cardiovascular complaint( CAD), which is the foremost cause of death in cases of north India. Magnesium acts as an intracellular electrolyte that helps regulate calcium affluence and potassium exodus, enabling the cardiac muscle to survive duringischemia.In the Atherosclerotic threat in Communities( ARIC) study, serum magnesium situations were equally related to the prevalence of hypertension and stroke. Hence, serum magnesium situations are lower in hypertension and diabetes mellitus, both of which are threat factors for stroke. Several findings may parade the extent of insufficiency of magnesium as a trace element about the duration of the complaint. It may be employed to optimize the control of type- 2 diabetes mellitus by supplementation of magnesium. This chapter provides an overview of early hypomagnesemia operation to reduce the threat of diabetes mellitus and its complications. By doing so the metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus can be delayed.

Author(s) Details:

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, U. P.,India. 

Navdeep Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, AcharyaShriChander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu,India.  

Tejinder Singh,
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Amritsar, Punjab,India.

Deepika Dalaal,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8460