Pentraxin 3: A Multifaceted Mediator of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 3

 

Introduction: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase protein that stands at the intersection between inflammation and cardiovascular pathology. Influential role of PTX3 impacts vascular inflammation, endothelial function and atherosclerotic progression. Pentraxin vascular health is staged by its dual role as a biochemical marker and a potential modulator that provides greater specificity than systemic C-reactive protein. Data synthesised positions pentraxin as a promising candidate for precision cardiovascular medicine.  PTX3 is a long pentraxin produced by stromal and myeloid cells in response to inflammatory signals and microbial moieties. It plays a multifunctional role in inflammation, acting as a functional ancestor of antibodies.

 

Objective: This review explores the relationship between PTX3 and cardiovascular risk, its diagnostic and prognostic value, and its implications for clinical practice. The objectives focused on in this chapter are the functional role of PTX3 to stratify patients according to the severity of cardiovascular risk. Secondly, the prognostic role of elevated PTX3 levels speaks about the worst outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. Thirdly, PTX3 can be considered as a therapeutic target that reinforces new avenues of treatment.

 

Methodology: This book chapter is an outcome of a comprehensive literature review that focused on articles from the PubMed database, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Utilised the keywords such as pentraxin 3, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Through a reductionist approach, mechanistic insights with regard to the association between pentraxin and cardiovascular health were framed.

 

Conclusion: PTX3 is a promising biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment and disease progression. Further research is needed to establish standardised reference values and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

 

 

Author(s) Details

K. A. Arul Senghor
SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, India.

 

V. M. Vinodhini
SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, India.

 

Renuka. P
SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, India.

 

M S. Vyshnavi
SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v3/6784

Fuel to Perform: A Practical Guide to Sports Nutrition | Book Publisher International

 

In today’s competitive athletic landscape, optimal nutrition plays a pivotal role—not only in achieving peak performance—but in supporting recovery, long-term health, and sustainable sporting success. Fuel to Perform: A Practical Guide to Sports Nutrition bridges the gap between evidence-based science and everyday application for athletes, coaches and sports-nutrition professionals alike. The book begins by laying a solid foundation: energy systems, macronutrient roles, micronutrient functions, hydration and timing. It then moves into actionable strategies: how to tailor fuel to training load and competition demands, periodize nutrition across training cycles, and harness food-first approaches rather than reliance on supplements. Real-life scenarios, meal-planning tools and recipe ideas help the reader translate concepts into practice across endurance, strength/power and team-sport contexts. Emphasis is placed on individualisation: recognising the interplay of athlete age, sex, training discipline, body composition goals, and lifestyle constraints. Finally, the guide addresses contemporary challenges: travel, injury rehabilitation, recovery, environmental stress (heat, altitude), and the importance of long-term nutritional health beyond the playing field. With clear language, practical checklists, and a focus on ‘fueling to perform’ rather than ‘dieting to look’, this book empowers athletes at every level to eat with purpose, train with confidence and recover with resilience.

Author(s) Details

 

Dr. Mansi Chaudhary
Department of Food and Nutrition, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut – 250005, India.

 

Dr. Ekta Singh Chauhan
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan – 304022, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-83-1

 

Cardiac Arrest (CA) as the Initial Presentation of Cocaine-induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM): Clinical Findings and Treatments | Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

A unique case report of a 54-year-old male who developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) following recent cocaine use presenting with cardiac arrest (CA) has been presented. Cocaine is a sympathomimetic agent that acts by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin through binding with each transporter resulting in an accumulation of these neurotransmitters in the postsynaptic terminal. Cocaine is used as an illicit substance responsible for the most common cause of drug-related death. It is a stimulant that acts on the sympathetic nervous system and cardiovascular system leading to exaggerated, prolonged sympathetic activity due to the accumulation of neurotransmitters. Congestive heart failure, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and coronary artery spasms are among the cardiovascular adverse effects of cocaine. In the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by transitory akinesis, dyskinesis, or hypokinesis of the left ventricular (LV) wall with or without apical involvement. Cocaine-induced TCM is an extremely rare condition emphasizing the need for its prompt diagnosis by physicians. A case report of a 54-year-old male brought to the emergency department (ED) after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA), found to have TCM in the setting of cocaine use, has been presented. Clinicians need to understand the association between cocaine use and the development of TCM as cardiomyopathy of this type can result in complete remission after discontinuing the offending agent. There are no standardized recommendations for pharmacological treatment and prevention of episodes of TCM and further studies/trials need to be done to answer questions regarding the clinical diagnostic criteria, etiology, pathophysiology, and management of this syndrome.

 

Categories: Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Substance Use and Addiction.

 

Author (s) Details

Catherina Almalouf

Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA and Internal Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Narek Hakobyan
Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

 

Vivek Yadav
Pulmonary and Critical Care, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, USA.

 

Anjula Gandhi
Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Ruchi Yadav
Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/1993

Impact of Emerging Pandemics on Cardiovascular Health and Psychological Stress: A Systematic Review | Chapter 2 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

Introduction: Every epidemic that breaks out could cause confusion and fear in society. Little is known regarding behavioural changes and health condition responses, despite the dramatic warning in the media. There is an extremely strong correlation between the onset of cardiovascular disease and the pandemic.

 

Aim: The goal of the study was to find out how the pandemic's stress affected the heart's regular physiological processes.

 

Methodology: Information about the potential effects of psychological stress brought on by the pandemic on cardiac physiological function was gathered from several databases. Using the various databases, studies that examined the relationship between stress on CVDs or the emergence of the pandemic and the cardiovascular system were found. A total of 37 studies were chosen for full assessment out of the more than 200 abstracts that were screened to ascertain whether all inclusion requirements were satisfied. Among these studies, one focused on evaluating the stress levels of front-line medical staff in China, particularly those working at a provincial hospital during the coronavirus outbreak and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

 

Discussion: As a result, a study revealed that medical staff members experienced significantly higher levels of moderate and severe anxiety than their administrative counterparts. Prior research on severe acute respiratory syndrome emphasised the importance of increasing awareness of mitigating strategies. Because a larger perceived danger of infection was more likely to result in an increase in cautionary events in contrast to contamination, this strategy was taken into consideration with the underlying insights of risk and anxiety. The implementation of control measures raises the stress level, which may cause CVD to develop.

 

Conclusion: There is adequate evidence that illustrates the physiological manifestation of the respiratory system and obstruction of the blood flow that might lead to the development of CVD. If not properly controlled might lead to death due to a heart attack.

 

Author(s) Details

Matome M Sekhotha
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.

 

Tlou R Senosha
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.

 

Maropeng R Ntsoane
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v3/5511

Metabolic Syndrome: Addressing Health Risks among Police Officers | Chapter 3 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 6

Lifestyle factors and stress have indeed been linked to the development of Metabolic syndrome (MetS). The transition towards industrialization often brings about changes in people's economy and lifestyle, which can contribute to the increased prevalence of noncommunicable diseases such as Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and MetS-related conditions like diabetes mellitus. Police officers have a higher prevalence of MetS compared to the general population of the same age and gender. Shift work, high levels of stress, and poor dietary habits are significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS among police officers. Targeted interventions addressing lifestyle factors, such as nutrition, physical activity, and stress management, can effectively reduce the prevalence of MetS in police officers. This chapter will give a review of the prevalence of MetS among police forces, shedding light on the specific incidence rates and factors contributing to the development of MetS within this group.

 

Author (s) Details

Mohit Sharmaa
7th Battalion Punjab Armed Police, Jalandhar Cantonment, Punjab, India.

Jaskiran Kaur
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar, Punjab, India.

 

Rajinder Singh Ahi
Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot (Punjab), India.

 

Purnima Jindal
Department of Biochemistry, M.M. College of Medical Sciences & Research, Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana, India.

 

Jaswant Kaur
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

 

Garima Sehgal
Department of Biochemistry, PES University Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v6/2118

The Role of a Polypill in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Low-and Medium-income Countries | Chapter 7 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7

Globally, non-communicable chronic diseases account for over 60% of disability-adjusted life years, 70% of deaths and more than 80% of years lived with disability. Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, contribute significantly to this burden. Despite a decline in age-standardized cardiovascular mortality rates worldwide, over 80% of cardiovascular disease deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, leading to substantial economic losses. In these countries, cardiovascular diseases affect the working-age population more than in high-income countries, with a significant number of cardiovascular deaths occurring between the ages of 30 and 69.

Medicaments such as aspirin, statins, and antihypertensives reduce cardiovascular events. However, low medication adherence, often due to issues like availability, affordability, and challenges within the healthcare system, compromises the effectiveness of these measures. This is a widespread problem in low- and middle-income countries, necessitating alternative approaches to address these limitations.            

Objective: The study aims to provide an overview of recent research on the Polypill, a combination of drugs with fixed doses designed to prevent primary and secondary cardiovascular events. The Polypill is based on the principle of increasing adherence by reducing the number of daily medications.         

Methods: The latest studies and trials on Polypill treatment for preventing cardiovascular disease, including observational studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses have been reviewed comprehensively. Case reports and editorials have been excluded. The JBI critical appraisal checklist, which scores eight items 36 for a quick visual assessment, was used to evaluate the search results.

Results: According to the WHO Multidimensional Adherence Model, researchers have found a high rate of patient acceptability for Polypill therapy compared to monotherapy in developing nations. This acceptability is associated with better outcomes, no increase of adverse effects if compared with monotherapy, and a significantly lower mean annual pharmaceutical expenditure per patient.

Overall, using the Polypill in low- and middle-income countries increases the number of years patients live and their quality of life compared to a combination of individual components.

Conclusions: Combining multiple active ingredients in a single dosage form could be a significant advancement in preventing cardiovascular conditions. However, thoroughly assessing all factors involved and creating a well-planned development strategy is crucial to increasing the likelihood of success. This study emphasizes the dual challenge posed by the global health burden of cardio- vascular disease and the barriers to effective prevention and treatment, especially in low—and middle-income countries. Addressing these challenges could substantially improve public health outcomes and reduce the economic burden of non-communicable chronic diseases.

 

Author (s) Details

Enma V. Páez Espinosa
Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Ecuador and Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Ecuador.

 

Eugenia Mato Matute
Department of Biochemistry, CIBER-BBN, Grup Endocrinologia-IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain and Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.

 

Delia M. Sosa Guzmán
Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Ecuador.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7/2335

Water-soluble Dietary Fibers and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 1 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 4

The purpose of this study was to critically review the cardio-protective potential of diets and foods rich in soluble fiber. Fibre is found in plant-based food products like rye, wholegrain wheat, fruits, oats, nuts, legumes, and vegetables. Consuming fiber as well as wholegrain foods has been linked to various health benefits such as; a reduced risk of being overweight or obese, a low risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases as well as a lesser risk of bowel cancer. The study critically reviewed concepts such as soluble fiber and Cardiovascular Diseases, other benefits of functional Foods in the Hypercholesterolemia Family, Isoflavones, β –glucan, and Fatty Acids. The study adopted the descriptive method in analyzing issues relating to the cardio-protective potentials of diets. The diet must be based on increasing the amount of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, then reducing the consumption of saturated fatty acids, trans fat, and weight loss when required. Physical exercise should be encouraged mainly aerobic exercise, since exercise increases the concentration of HDL-C, reduced concentrations of triglycerides, and aids in weight loss. They emphasized that patients with familial hypercholesterolemia should not start any physical activity without evaluation and accompanied cardiogram. In general, there is a need for more studies on familial hypercholesterolemia. Studies that relate to genetic disease and patient adherence to dietary treatment are unique for checking the concentrations of both total cholesterol, and LDL-C, and possibly to confirm the efficacy of isolated nutritional treatment, i.e. without the need for pharmacological treatment. The study recommended that dietary treatment should be accompanied by a professional nutritionist, for better grip and results to treatment. The dietary intervention alone is not enough to treat familial hypercholesterolemia, but it should always be the first measure implemented.

 

Author (s) Details

Obi Olor Patience
Home Economics, Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa, P.M.B. 1171, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

James E Archibong
Faculty of Law, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v4/2641

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Cardiovascular Patients: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 10

Globally, the two most common causes of disability in high-income countries are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. These are expected to occur at this level in all income-level countries by 2030. Individuals who have depression are more prone to developing CVD and have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population. Also, cardiovascular disease with depression has been demonstrated to impact the patient’s overall well-being and quality of life [1]. This paper presents an overview of CVD and comorbid depression. It examines how effective cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is for depression and evaluates the effectiveness of CBTs for CVD.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Uzma Irfan
School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v10/2688

A Comprehensive Approach of Metabolic Syndrome | Chapter 3 | Medicine Essentials in Clinical Practice

 Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted disorder characterized by a cluster of interconnected conditions, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Together, these factors significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome has risen in recent decades, driven by lifestyle changes, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Pathophysiologically, it involves a complex interplay of chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal dysregulation. Early detection and management through lifestyle modifications—such as weight loss, improved dietary patterns, and increased physical activity—are critical in reducing its associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological interventions targeting individual components of the syndrome, including antihypertensives, lipid-lowering agents, and insulin sensitizers, also play a significant role. This review highlights the etiology, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome and their role in creating general awareness among the public.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rohit Raina
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Preeti Singh Dhoat
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

Maninder Kansal
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Aditya Rana
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-92-3/CH3

Existence of Metabolic Syndrome among Medical Students | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Metabolic syndrome is a growing concern as its incidence is increasing rapidly. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in diabetic Indians is 77%. Medical students lead fairly sedentary lifestyles, due to the exhaustive medical syllabus. Significant time pressures on students may prevent the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, their diet is characterized by the frequent consumption of unhealthy food, and therefore the risk of obesity increases significantly. Physical inactivity and stress are the most important risk factors, which can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Recently, several studies reported that chronic stress is associated with metabolic syndrome. Early detection of metabolic syndrome and follow-up would help in preventing complications—this chapter aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in medical students.

Author(s) Details:

Mohit Sharma,
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
7th Battalion Punjab Armed Police, Jalandhar Cantonment, Punjab, India.

Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,
Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical, College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Purnima Jindal,
Department of Biochemistry, M.M. College of Medical Sciences & Research, Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana, India.

Seema,
Department of Physiology, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13800

The Role of Ceramide in Cardiovascular Diseases | Chapter 5 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Background: Ceramide is a core molecule of sphingolipid metabolism that causes selective insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Research on its involvement in cardiovascular diseases has grown rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to unravel the role of ceramide in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose: The focus of this review is to summarize the role of ceramide in cardiovascular disease, and investigate the possible application of ceramide as a new diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders, and highlight the remaining problems.

Results: In resting cells, ceramide levels are extremely low, while they rapidly accumulate upon encountering external stimuli. Increased ceramide levels are strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular risks and events while inhibiting the synthesis of ceramide or accelerating its degradation improves a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion, and heart failure. Therefore, ceramide is expected to be a core regulatory target which may have a broad potential to combat CVDs.

Author(s) Details:

Hongyang Shu,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Yizhong Peng,
Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Weijian Hang,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Na Li,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Ning Zhou,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Dao Wen Wang,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13421

Association of Atherogenic Index and Oxidized-LDL as a Strong Independent Risk Predictor of CHD in Young Smokers | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Introduction: smoke smoking is an incidental risk factor for heart failure and induces changes in lipid profile apiece oxidation of lipids, specifically LDL. Hence the need for determine ox-LDL and allure association accompanying atherogenic indices in the risk of cardiovascular risk. The study proposed to determine oxidized-LDL and atherogenic indications in relation to smoke smokers.Methods:  This case-control study included 240 things in which smoke smokers were (n=120) and were compared accompanying (n=120) non-smokers. The ox-LDL, APO-A1, and APO-B were performed utilizing Enzyme-linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and atherogenic risk percentages were calculated.Results: The study shows that ox-LDL was a considerably increased in smokers and too significant increase in TC, TGL, and LDL was noticed. When compared to nonsmokers, smokers had significantly higher atherogenic risk indications. Pearson correlation tests disclosed that ox-LDL and AIP were substantially and absolutely linked accompanying non-HDL, CRI- Castelli's risk Index-I, CRII- Castelli's risk Index-II, AC-Atherogenic Coefficient, CI-Cholindex, and APO-B- Apolipoprotein B (p<0.001). And was inversely guide APO-A1 and HDL-C (p<0.001). The unadjusted odds percentages for ox-LDL and AIP in the univariate logistic regression study were 1.861 (95% confidence pause: 1.347-2.375), p<0.001, and 1.782 (95% confidence break: 1.490-2.131), P.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic reversion analysis manifested that ox-LDL and AIP were independent risk determinants for CHD in young smokers.Conclusion: In smokers, ox-LDL and atherogenic indices give the impression strong free risk predictors for CHD than conventional lipid limits..

Author(s) Details:

Meera Shivasekar,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRMIST, Kattankulthur, Tamil Nadu, PIN: 603203, India.

Dinesh Nath,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRMIST, Kattankulthur, Tamil Nadu, PIN: 603203, India.

V. M. Vinodhini,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRMIST, Kattankulthur, Tamil Nadu, PIN: 603203, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V7/article/view/10566Z

Pathophysiology, Treatment and Management of Obesity| Chapter 1 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 1

 Obesity persists be among the top fitness concerns across the globe. Despite our failure to hold the high predominance of obesity, we immediately have a better understanding of its pathophysiology, and how surplus adiposity leads to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure. Some medications play meaningful role in weight gain to a degree diabetic treatments, steroid hormones, affecting the mind so as to produce vivid visions medications, antihypertensive drugs, contraceptives, protease inhibitors and antihistamines. The corticolimbic system amounting to large cortical districts, basal ganglia, hippocampus and amygdale is closely connected to the hypothalamus and brain stem. And supply the emotional intelligent and executive support for ingestive behavior. The exploratory design is selected according to the worth to obtain the effective and precise results. According to the picked statistical approach the relationship 'tween the independent and the weak variables is established.

Author(s) Details:

Kedar Prasad Meena,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, (A Central University), Bilaspur, CG – 495009, India.

Pradeep Kumar Samal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, (A Central University), Bilaspur, CG – 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V1/article/view/8996

Hypomagnesemia - A New Perspective | Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Hypomagnesemia means a significant drop in magnesium in the body. Its most generally seen in cases with diabetes mellitus- associated complications. The end of the study is to determine the situations of magnesium in diabetes mellitus, and its associated complaint, in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cases. Diabetes Mellitus isn't a single complaint reality, but rather a group of metabolic diseases participating common features of hyperglycemia. One of the major complications of diabetes mellitus( DM) is cardiovascular complaint( CAD), which is the foremost cause of death in cases of north India. Magnesium acts as an intracellular electrolyte that helps regulate calcium affluence and potassium exodus, enabling the cardiac muscle to survive duringischemia.In the Atherosclerotic threat in Communities( ARIC) study, serum magnesium situations were equally related to the prevalence of hypertension and stroke. Hence, serum magnesium situations are lower in hypertension and diabetes mellitus, both of which are threat factors for stroke. Several findings may parade the extent of insufficiency of magnesium as a trace element about the duration of the complaint. It may be employed to optimize the control of type- 2 diabetes mellitus by supplementation of magnesium. This chapter provides an overview of early hypomagnesemia operation to reduce the threat of diabetes mellitus and its complications. By doing so the metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus can be delayed.

Author(s) Details:

Jaswant Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Jaspreet Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Gautam Buddha Nagar, U. P.,India. 

Navdeep Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, AcharyaShriChander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu,India.  

Tejinder Singh,
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Amritsar, Punjab,India.

Deepika Dalaal,
Department of Biochemistry, NC Medical College & Hospital, Panipat, Haryana,India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8460

Study about Hypertension and Lifestyle Modifications: A Paradigm Shift | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Life advice should not just be lip service; it should be enforced with sufficient behavioural and expert support and periodically corroborated. Due to the low long- term compliance with life changes and the veritably variable BP response, cases enteringnon-pharmacological treatment should be regularly covered so that drug can be started as soon as necessary. Pharmacological remedy has been the dependence of conventional styles for reducing the frequence of blood pressure- related atherosclerotic cardiovascular complaint( ASCVD) in persons with hypertension. still, in addition to medicine remedy, nonpharmacologic remedy, also appertained to as life change, has come decreasingly important. Specifically,non-pharmacol ¬ ogic curatives can serve as original remedy in Stage 1 hyperten ¬ sive cases, grease drug step down or pullout in cases with well- controlled hypertension, help hyperactive ¬ pressure in high- threat populations, and reduce blood pressure in normotensive individualities and thereby lower their threat of ASCVD.

It particularly refers to life- style variations i.e. remedial life changes( TLC) which include reducing salutary sodium, exercise for at least 30 min per day, five days per week; to have Dietary Approach to stop Hypertension( gusto) diet protocol and to achieve a weight loss thing of4.5 kg or further bynon-pharmacological measures similar as increased physical exertion, reduced swab input, reduced fat input, alcohol abstinence, smoking conclusion, behavioural changes, yoga, contemplation etc. The topmost challenge is developing and enforcing strategies that lead to a reduced swab input, reduced weight, increased physical exertion, moderate alcohol input among those who drink, and an overall healthy salutary pattern.

Author(s) Details:

Bhupendra Chaudhary,
Department of Neurosciences, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut, U.P., India.

Ansh Chaudhary,
Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidhyapeeth University, Medical College Pune-Satara Road, Pune-43, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8457

Recent Biochemical Markers for Cardiovascular Diseases: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications | Chapter 7 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 11

 The major cause of death and morbidity worldwide is cardiovascular disease. A better prognosis may result from early detection of a potential CVD risk and early care. Cardiac biomarkers are crucial in the early diagnosis within the "golden period" in order to carry out an early intervention and maybe undo cardiac damage. The potential biochemical markers linked to heart tissue, inflammation, and underlying metabolic processes have been identified in numerous studies and may help in the clinical evaluation of the population at risk or who is at vulnerability. This chapter gives a general overview of the cardiac biomarkers that are frequently utilised for CVD risk assessment as diagnostic and prognostic tools.

Author(s) Details:

Deepika Dalal,
Department of Biochemistry, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Haryana, India.

Ashish Kumar Malik,
Department of Psychiatry, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Haryana, India.

Anjali Dhama,
Department of Biochemistry, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Haryana, India.

Veena Singh Ghalaut,
Department of Biochemistry, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V11/article/view/8031

Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases Data using Tableau Visualization Tool | Chapter 8 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

 Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most frequent and widespread disease in India and around the world, encompassing a wide spectrum of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. According to the WHO, 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2010, and this number is expected to rise to 24.2 million by 2030. Transthoracic Echocardiography techniques can assist clinicians diagnose heart and blood vessel disorders and conditions in adults and children, which can aid in the diagnosis of CVDs. The most difficult and difficult responsibility for the medical community is to diagnose CVD patients in a timely manner. The effectiveness of visualisation in revealing and expressing the main information in a big CVD dataset using Tableau is demonstrated in this study. Data visualisation is one of the most important aspects of working with various data analytics solutions, which can help with tasks like tracking the geographic distribution of diseases, analysing disease prevalence, reviewing medical records, predicting outbreaks, and identifying at-risk populations in cardiovascular disease. The goal of this project is to use Tableau to describe the demographic patterns in the CVD database. It was applied to 12721 records with a sex-wise distribution of echocardiogram records, and it was discovered that 7511 (59%) of the reports were for male patients and 5210 (41%) of the reports were for female patients at JSS Hospital's Cardiology Department in 2016. This research has offered a preliminary assessment of the most widely used solutions in the CVD data visualisation ecosystem. We can analyse and visualise the results, which show that men appear to be more prone to cardiovascular problems than women. Cardiovascular disease is more common in people over the age of 39, and there are more records in the 60-80 age range. The study on CVD data analysis with Tableau can aid in the comprehension of huge and complex data.

Author(s) Details:

N. Chaithra,
Division of Medical Statistics, School of life sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, India.


B. Madhu,
Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6080 

Enhanced External Counterpulsation: Current Practices and Future Directions | Book Publisher International

 Symptomatic coronary artery disease affects an estimated 6.4 million people in the United States, with roughly 400,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Despite appropriate medicinal therapy and invasive procedures such as angioplasty and heart bypass surgery, refractory anginapectoris affects an estimated 300,000 to 900,000 people in the United States (RAP). Every year, between 25,000 and 75,000 new instances of RAP are discovered. Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) therapy involves rapid, successive compression of the lower limbs during diastole, followed by simultaneous de compression during systole, as determined by an ECG. These actions create hemodynamic effects comparable to those of an intra-aortic balloon pump, but EECP therapy also enhances venous return, unlike an intra-aortic balloon pump. The Multi-center Study of Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (MUST-EECP) is the first multi-center, prospective, randomised controlled experiment that looked at the effects of EECP on patients with stable angina. In the Research on Enhanced External Counter Pulsation Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease (RECC) trial, individuals with stable angina who received EECP in addition to appropriate medical therapy saw an improvement in myocardial ischemia and prognosis. In addition, EECP has been demonstrated to cause coronary collateral development. Although EECP is a relatively safe and well-developed treatment, a safety assessment is required for high-risk and elderly patients before administration to rule out contraindications and minimise treatment-related hazards. The counter pulsation approach, which has been studied for nearly half a century, is regarded a safe, very helpful, low-cost, noninvasive treatment for these angina patients, as well as heart failure patients. Recent research suggests that enhanced external counter pulsation (EECP) therapy may improve symptoms and reduce long-term morbidity through multiple mechanisms, including improved endothelial function, collateralization, ventricular function, oxygen consumption (VO2), atherosclerosis regression, and peripheral training effects similar to exercise.

Author(s) Details

Najah R. Hadi
Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq.

Saad Rasool Shaker
Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Alnajaf Health Directorate, Iraq.

Jan Fedacko
Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice Faculty of Medicine, Slovakia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/EECCPFD/article/view/5084

Advances in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Global Perspective | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 While there has been considerable improvement in cardiovascular disease prevention around the world, it has been inconsistent and insufficient, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Tobacco use, problematic alcohol use, poor diets, and physical inactivity are all key behavioural drivers of cardiovascular disease, and voluntary worldwide targets have helped to focus attention, resources, and accountability on them. Many constraints and hurdles continue to stymie advances in cardiovascular prevention. The inclusion of noncommunicable illnesses as a priority in the Sustainable Development Agenda offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to accelerate global cardiovascular prevention advances. This strategy will need to provide leadership for intersectoral policy coherence, propose effective strategies to address commercial determinants of behavioural risk factors, use rights-based arguments, improve public participation, and assure openness. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals have a truly global vision of shared responsibilities. It's a once-in-a-lifetime chance for everyone to improve their health and well-being, especially their cardiovascular health.

Author(s) Details

Shanthi Mendis
Geneva Learning Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V10/article/view/1112