Impact of Community-Based Non-communicable Disease Services on the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV in Uganda: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 6

There was an indication in 2012 that Non Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 38 million (68%) of the world’s 56 million deaths. Almost three-quarters of all NCDs (28 million) and the majority of premature deaths (82%) occur in low and middle-income countries mainly in Asia and Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. A comprehensive and culturally applicable community-based Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) services package was implemented with an aim to test the effectiveness of the community-based NCD services on the Quality of Life (QoL) of people with HIV. The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the community-based NCD services as an intervention. The control group received the usual HIV services in the community. Participants were randomly allocated to receive weekly and monthly intervention sessions using the standard care in the community ARV drug distribution points. Paired and independent t-tests were performed to compare changes in the QoL scores at the baseline and the endline. Between November and December 2018, 1076 individuals were screened, of whom 438 were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group in a ratio of 1:1. The post-intervention results revealed that the community-based NCD services were effective and improved the QoL in all three domains; the physical, environmental and social relationship domains. The study findings further revealed that QoL was higher at the end line across all domains in the treatment group compared to the control group, the mean differences were statistically significant (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Thus, the community-based NCD services were efficacious in improving the QoL of HIV-infected people. Findings could be utilized in regular community service settings for their sustainability and long-term effects. The intervention created an improved understanding of HIV and NCD integration health promotion strategies and community support systems activities by the VHT, ART expert clients and community volunteers. The study recommended that the Government through the Ministry of Health (MOH) review and adopt the transformed community-based HIV and NCD services in the national guidelines for the management of HIV in the communities using the differentiated models.

 

Author (s) Details

Christopher Ddamulira
Bugema University Graduate School, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Frank Pio Kiyingi
Bugema University Graduate School, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Eria Muwanguzi
Bugema University Graduate School, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Stephen S Kizza
Bugema University Graduate School, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v6/4402

Existence of Metabolic Syndrome among Medical Students | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Metabolic syndrome is a growing concern as its incidence is increasing rapidly. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in diabetic Indians is 77%. Medical students lead fairly sedentary lifestyles, due to the exhaustive medical syllabus. Significant time pressures on students may prevent the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, their diet is characterized by the frequent consumption of unhealthy food, and therefore the risk of obesity increases significantly. Physical inactivity and stress are the most important risk factors, which can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. Recently, several studies reported that chronic stress is associated with metabolic syndrome. Early detection of metabolic syndrome and follow-up would help in preventing complications—this chapter aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in medical students.

Author(s) Details:

Mohit Sharma,
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Jaswant Kaur,
7th Battalion Punjab Armed Police, Jalandhar Cantonment, Punjab, India.

Rajinderjit Singh Ahi,
Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical, College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Purnima Jindal,
Department of Biochemistry, M.M. College of Medical Sciences & Research, Sadopur (Ambala), Haryana, India.

Seema,
Department of Physiology, Dr. S.S. Tantia Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V2/article/view/13800

The Analysis of Noncommunicable Diseases in Geriatrics with a Focus on Polypharmacy and Its Cost Burden | Chapter 2 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

The phase analyzes the various Noncommunicable Diseases in period of being elderly with an importance on Polypharmacy and its Cost Burden. Non-communicable ailments (NCDs) have globally proved increasing impact on fitness status in societies with disproportionately taller rates in developing countries. NCDs are the superior cause of mortality worldwide and a weighty public health danger to developing countries. These NCDs have slow progress and are of long duration and accordingly significantly contributing to situation for a long time superior to higher expenses. It maybe difficult for doctors to accomplish NCDs in elderly patients because they frequently have many co-gloomy illnesses, which demand multiple pharmacological prescriptions to address all. Multiple drug usage has negative effects, exceptionally in older community, including high costs, a coarse of life, and even end of life. The Risk factors associated with NCDs are cigarette use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, and weak physical activity. Thus, the NCDs burden imparts a weighty effect on development, both psychologically and economically across the world. Different plannings have been established to overcome NCDs and diversified drug use (polypharmacy) in advanced in age. By offering individualized patient administration and care that is advanced, the clinical pharmacist is skillful at assisting the prescriber accompanying the management of NCDs in a geriatric patient accompanying co-morbidity.

Author(s) Details:

Pradeep Battula,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Bhupalam Pradeep Kumar,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) – Autonomous, Anantapur - 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mulla Saddar Basha,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Katama Ediga Krishnamurthy,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Varada Lakshmi Narasimha,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Rachiti Daiva Prasad,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kamani Yashashwini Reddy,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Viswabrahmin Prathibha,
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

N. V. Naga Dharani,

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. Bhagyalakshmi,

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal- 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V9/article/view/11686

Health Impacts of Obesity: A Modern Era Pandemic | Chapter 01 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Obesity is an issue that affects people all around the world. If the BMI is greater than 30, and the waist circumference is greater than 102 cm in males and >88 cm in women, it is frequently diagnosed. Obesity is a long-term condition that raises the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and a variety of cancers. It has a negative impact on one's health. It is a leading cause of disability and death around the world. It is, however, curable as well as preventable. Changing your eating habits and exercising can help you lose weight. Increasingly, therapeutic approaches and surgical procedures are being implemented. Fecal transplantation, for example, appears to be a potential new therapeutic. A weight loss of 5% to 10% of one's total body weight is metabolically healthy. Obesity prevention and weight loss in persons with a BMI greater than 30 will significantly enhance global health. It will also aid in the reduction of health-care expenses. The goal of this narrative review is to bring attention to the diagnostic criteria as well as the different factors that influence and cause obesity. It also explains the negative effects it has on humans in both health and disease. There is also a discussion of the various mitigating options available. This conversation should assist physicians in properly managing their fat patients.

Author(S) Details

Shashi K. Agarwal
Center for Contemporary and Complementary Cardiology, 2227 US Highway 1, Suite 309, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V5/article/view/5575