Centennial Ecological Shifts in Western Jakarta Bay: Insights from Short Core Investigation | Chapter 7 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 2

 

Hypoxia is a widespread aquatic problem caused by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Eutrophication poses a significant threat to the coastal waters, triggering hypoxia that has a twofold impact on aquatic ecosystems. Firstly, it reduces oxygen availability for biotic respiration, and secondly, it enhances the toxicity of certain minerals, further exacerbating the environmental stress. Coastal areas, such as Jakarta Bay, have been facing significant environmental pressures due to development intensity and various scales of human activities for more than a century. This study investigated the hypoxic condition in the western part of Jakarta Bay using benthic foraminifera (Ammonia and Elphidium) as proxies, the AE-index. Sampling was conducted in 2016 using a short core sampler, and Pb-210 scanning was used to determine the age of sediment deposition. The results revealed a notable increase in the AE-index from the late 1970s to early 1990s, coinciding with a rise in concentrations of four metals: Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The main factor contributing to the increase in environmental stress in Jakarta coastal waters is the change of Jakarta’s governance status to a Special Capital Region led to a population surge and accelerated regional development. This research reveals evidence of periodic hypoxia in the western part of Jakarta Bay over several centuries, attributed to the rapid development along the northern coast of Jakarta and its surrounding regions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ricky Rositasari
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

 

Fitri Budiyanto
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

 

Reza Cordova
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

 

Rachma Puspitasari
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v2/5296

Investigation of Hemoprotein Levels and Elemental Homeostasis in Brain Tumors and Their Intermolecular Interactions | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 10

 

Primary tumours of the central nervous system are a rare group of diverse tumours that account for less than 2% of all tumours, but are the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The role of element homeostasis in neoplastic disease pathogenesis is beyond question. The imbalance of trace elements precisely underlies the initiation and promotion of tumour pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate blood and tissue macroelements, microelements and hemoproteins levels in brain tumours and their intermolecular interactions. Samples of blood and brain tumour tissues were taken from 12 patients with malignant brain tumours (glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma). Samples of tissues were taken from 7 patients who died as a result of trauma related to a road traffic accident, without connection to head and brain injury. Detection of myoglobin level was implemented by the reaction of passive hemagglutination and an immunoturbidimetric test. Catalase activity was determined by the method of Beer and Sizer. Free radical activity was determined by the method of induced biochemiluminescence. The microelements level was investigated using atomic emission spectrometry. Statistical data processing was performed using STATISTICA Base software (StatSoft Inc.). To build the networks of studied hemoprotein interactions with signalling pathways of proteins, expressed in brain tumours, molecular interaction databases (STRING, BioGrid) were used. Modern databases of signalling pathways (KEGG) suggest that in normal cells, hypoxia can lead to HIF-1A protein synthesis. ROS synthesis inhibits the PHD enzyme and triggers the release of calcium ions, and increases proliferation. Calcium ions are a triggering factor of apoptosis and cell proliferation. In this study, a significant increase (more than 7 times) of calcium concentration in blood and brain tumour tissue was detected, compared with healthy people. Myoglobin can possibly be the cell adaptation factor towards hypoxia, oxidative stress and element homeostasis violation, and myoglobin level decreasing can additionally stimulate proliferation, by apoptosis inhibition. This is one of the first studies to have examined intermolecular relationships between microelements, hemoproteins and antioxidant enzymes in gliomas, and future studies are required to validate these findings and explore their potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yazykova A.B.
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

 

Obukhova L.M.
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

 

Medyanik I.A.
Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

 

Yashin K.S
Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

 

Pimenov V.G.
Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.

 

Evdokimov I.I
Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.

 

Barinova O.V.
Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v10/5124

Effect of Trans-Resveratrol on Sickle Cell Disease during Pregnancy: Implications for Maternal and Fetal Health | Chapter 9 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

The application of natural products has long been used in the treatment of illness and disease, many of which formed the industrial inspiration to develop from pharmacognosy into active pharmaceuticals. Resveratrol is a common phytochemical found in abundance in nutritious and wholesome foods and thus has likely been part of the human diet for many centuries. As such, resveratrol may contribute to the success of the French Paradox, where the inclusion of red wines is a familiar dietary addition and is associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease. The primary metabolic action of resveratrol and related phenolic compounds likely rests in its potential antioxidant activity, being able to quench reactive free radicals (ROS) and other inflammatory activities in peripheral tissues. Resveratrol has been suggested as an adjunct in the clinical management of numerous metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and sickle cell disease, among others associated with chronic inflammation. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine the safety and efficacy of resveratrol in pregnancy. This review also discusses the biochemical, pharmacologic and potential toxicologic aspects of trans-resveratrol administration as an adjunct in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies, including Sickle cell disease (SCD), during pregnancy. SCD represents a serious complication of normal pregnancy with few successful treatments, as the change in amino acid charge alters the protein’s hydrophobic structure and function. When present, it can result in the abnormal polymerisation to form deoxy-HbS and sickling, particularly during physiologic processes that incur high oxygen demand, including later stages of gestation and parturition.  The results indicate that resveratrol is likely a safe and effective adjunct in treating the hypoxia and chronic inflammation of pregnancy, in addition to its applications in various hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease, by inducing increased production of sickle-resistant fetal haemoglobin (HbF) in addition to reducing the magnitude of chronic inflammation, while enhancing oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues via actions of fetal haemoglobin. Thus, RSV may also be able to partially correct the effects linked to the globin chain imbalance in SCD patients, while at the same time facilitating oxygen transport to myoglobin in peripheral tissues due to a more favourable oxygen-delivering capacity than is observed in adult haemoglobin.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Orien L Tulp
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain, The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA, East West College of Natural Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USA and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.

 

Frantz Sainvil
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain, The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA and Broward College, Davie, FL, USA.

 

Uzoamaka Nwokorie
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain.

 

George P Einstein
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain and The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6062

 

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Cardiovascular Patients: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 10

Globally, the two most common causes of disability in high-income countries are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression. These are expected to occur at this level in all income-level countries by 2030. Individuals who have depression are more prone to developing CVD and have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population. Also, cardiovascular disease with depression has been demonstrated to impact the patient’s overall well-being and quality of life [1]. This paper presents an overview of CVD and comorbid depression. It examines how effective cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is for depression and evaluates the effectiveness of CBTs for CVD.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Uzma Irfan
School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v10/2688

A Brief Study on Pyruvate in Novel Intervention of Diabetes | Chapter 06 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 The purpose of this paper is to provide a quick overview of pyruvate's impact on diabetes. Pyruvate may be a potential therapeutic for diabetes and related organ problems, according to recent breakthroughs in pyruvate research. Pyruvate protection against diabetes may work by maintaining glycolysis and reactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, correcting the Warburg effect in diabetic glucometabolic diseases. Pyruvate's anti-hypoxia, anti-oxidative stress, anti-acidosis, anti-apoptosis, anti-advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and insulin secretion stimulation properties may convert the diabetic vicious loop virtuous in the commencement and progression of the diabetic process. This review offered a new viewpoint on pyruvate's superior biological and pharmacological features in the treatment of diabetes, as well as experimental and clinical evidence for pyruvate intervention in diabetes. Based on WHO-ORS, the novel pyruvate modified oral rehydration salt (Pyr-ORS) may be useful in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in a broad population. More research and clinical trials are desperately needed.

Author(S) Details

Zhou, Fang-Qiang
Fresenius Medical Care, Dialysis Centers in Chicago, Illinois, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V9/article/view/5841

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain in Cerebral Palsy Children | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Introduction: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common forms of severe juvenile disability, and it is linked to preterm birth in a unique way. Cerebral palsy is a general term for a variety of non-progressive movement impairments caused by brain injury before or shortly after birth. Symptoms such as muscle stiffness, involuntary movements, limited mobility, seizures, and others are prevalent. Cerebral palsy currently has no treatment and is treated symptomatically.

The goal of this study was to look into the many types of brain lesions that children with clinically diagnosed cerebral palsy have, as well as the relationship between MRI brain results and the type of cerebral palsy they have.

A total of 60 instances of cerebral palsy were evaluated utilising a history and clinical examination. Children with cerebral palsy were evaluated using neuroimaging (MRI). The MRI scans were performed on a GE Sigma 1.5 Scanner. T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted, and FLAIR (axial, coronal, and sagittal) sequences were routinely obtained. The scans of each patient were examined for any aberrant signals in the brain parenchyma, as well as myelination of the brain based on the baby's age and ventricle size.

The age group 1-2 years had the highest percentage of children (36%) followed by 30 percent in the age group 1 year and 18 percent in the age group 3-4 years. Males made up 61.66 percent of the 60 cases, while females made up 38.33 percent. Preterm delivery was the most common (60 percent), followed by term delivery (40 percent ). The majority of the individuals had spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy. Periventricular leukomalacia was the most common abnormality found on imaging. A corpus callosum agenesis was found in one ( percent) of the patients.

Conclusion: MRI scans contribute in the uncovering of the disease's pathologic underpinnings, with MRI brain findings revealing a strong link to clinical outcomes.

More research is needed to understand the relationship between the location of brain lesions, their structure, and clinical functions in children with CP, as these are key criteria for studying reorganisation and plasticity.

Author (s) Details

Niyati Sharma
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Rajasbala Dhande
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2104

Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Restores Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Protein NDRG1 in Pancreatic Cancer: An Advance Study | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), a hypoxia-inducible and differentiation-related protein, is a potential biomarker in pancreatic cancer. Because NDRG1 expression is reduced in high-grade tumors, the effects of the differentiating histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines representing different tumor stages were investigated. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by inherited or sporadic mutations in genes involved in tissue homeostasis, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. TSA was applied to PANC-1 (poorly differentiated) and Capan-1 (moderately to well differentiated) cells. In vitro evaluations included microscopic examinations, colorimetric assays, cell counts, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. PANC-1 cells were treated for four days with 0.5 M TSA. Cell differentiation was restored, proliferation was inhibited, and p21Cip1 protein expression was increased. Trichostatin A increased NDRG1 mRNA and protein levels in normoxia starting on day 1 and increasing by 6-fold by day 4 (P 0.01 at all time points). NDRG1 expression was increased in differentiated cells after 24 hours of hypoxia (P 0.01). Other hypoxia-regulated genes showed an increase in expression.

Conclusions: Histone deacetylase inhibitors have the potential to be a novel epidrug for pancreatic cancer, as they reverse the undifferentiated phenotype, helping patients to overcome resistance and respond better to traditional cytotoxic treatments.

Author (S) Details

Céline Tiffon
Independent Researcher, 50 rue des vignes 92000 Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1647

Metabolic Microenvironment: Gastric Cancer | Chapter 11 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

Malignancy at the molecular and cellular microenvironment levels can be defined as a state established in the setting of particular tumour-host relationships. R.E, R.E. The definition of "tumour-host" interaction was clearly illustrated by Kavetsky and his collaborators. A tumour is a complex biological system that is closely linked to  Linked to the body, where it is initiated and created. In the environment, tumour cells are various factors that form a tumour microenvironment that plays an important role in the progression of the disease. Two forms of tumour microenvironment are available: the metabolic microenvironment mediated by variables  Microphysiology of the tumour (blood flow, vascular permeability, oxygenation, extracellular pressure, interstitial fluid pressure, etc.) and cellular-molecular microenvironment, including interactions between tumour and non-tumor cells and stromal compartment influences. Tumour Causes The interaction between tumour cells and surrounding non-tumor cells and molecular components can be changed by microphysiology, and they also form the tumour profile that influences the host tumour pressure. The analysis presents data on the function of the metabolic microenvironment of tumour cells from the tumour-host interaction point in order to use these parameters to assess the diagnostic and prognostic methods for the outcome of disease in patients with gastric cancer. Hypoxia has been given special attention as a key factor in the metabolic microenvironment, which is optimistic.  It influences the development of the tumour, promotes its aggressiveness, metastasis and resistance to therapy, and is considered an unfavourable prognostic factor. The clinical significance of tumour classification based on the degree of tumour oxygenation has been shown to be possible, which can be helpful for selecting patients for individualised treatment that can offer hope for improvement.
With clinical effectiveness.

Author (s) Details

Dr. L. Bubnovskaya
R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Dr. D. Osinsky
City Clinical Oncological Center, Kyiv, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/272

Fat Embolism Syndrome: Correlation of Clinical Criteria & Imaging Studies | Chapter 11 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Background: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a multi-organ dysfunction caused by the fat emboli. The diagnostic of FES remains a challenge for clinicians. The clinical criteria although universally used for diagnosis of FES are not specific. Imaging studies are increasingly used in the patients with presumed FES. The aim of this chapter is to determine whether there is a correlation between the clinical parameters and the imaging findings in confirming the FES diagnosis.  Methods: All patients admitted with FES to the surgical intensive unit were enrolled in this study. Patient's demographic data, admission diagnosis, associated injuries, comorbid conditions, time to deteriorate, surgical duration, clinical manifestations, imaging findings and outcome were recorded. Data was entered into the SPSS program and required tests were applied for comparisons and p value <0.05 considered as significant.  Results: A total of 81 patients were enrolled in this study. Majority of patients (51/63%) were young male and without comorbidity (58/71.6%). About a half of the patients (49.4%) underwent intramedullary nailing for long bone fracture. Respiratory insufficiencies occurred in 98% patients and of them 11.1% had diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Neurological deterioration was seen in 70% of the patients while the petechial skin rash was rare (2.5%). All patients had an abnormal chest x-ray but chest computerized tomography scan (CT) showed patchy alveolar opacities in 49 (60.5%) of them. Cerebral edema was a common finding in the CT brain while the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a typical star field appearance in 28.4% of the patients. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between the major and minor clinical criteria components and abnormal imaging findings.  Conclusions: The FES is common in young males with long bone fractures. Respiratory distress and neurological deterioration were common presentations. We suggest that the patients with suspected FES by clinical criteria, should have imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Nissar Shaikh
Department of Anesthesia/ICU and Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation/ Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/195