Effect of Trans-Resveratrol on Sickle Cell Disease during Pregnancy: Implications for Maternal and Fetal Health | Chapter 9 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

The application of natural products has long been used in the treatment of illness and disease, many of which formed the industrial inspiration to develop from pharmacognosy into active pharmaceuticals. Resveratrol is a common phytochemical found in abundance in nutritious and wholesome foods and thus has likely been part of the human diet for many centuries. As such, resveratrol may contribute to the success of the French Paradox, where the inclusion of red wines is a familiar dietary addition and is associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease. The primary metabolic action of resveratrol and related phenolic compounds likely rests in its potential antioxidant activity, being able to quench reactive free radicals (ROS) and other inflammatory activities in peripheral tissues. Resveratrol has been suggested as an adjunct in the clinical management of numerous metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and sickle cell disease, among others associated with chronic inflammation. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine the safety and efficacy of resveratrol in pregnancy. This review also discusses the biochemical, pharmacologic and potential toxicologic aspects of trans-resveratrol administration as an adjunct in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies, including Sickle cell disease (SCD), during pregnancy. SCD represents a serious complication of normal pregnancy with few successful treatments, as the change in amino acid charge alters the protein’s hydrophobic structure and function. When present, it can result in the abnormal polymerisation to form deoxy-HbS and sickling, particularly during physiologic processes that incur high oxygen demand, including later stages of gestation and parturition.  The results indicate that resveratrol is likely a safe and effective adjunct in treating the hypoxia and chronic inflammation of pregnancy, in addition to its applications in various hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease, by inducing increased production of sickle-resistant fetal haemoglobin (HbF) in addition to reducing the magnitude of chronic inflammation, while enhancing oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues via actions of fetal haemoglobin. Thus, RSV may also be able to partially correct the effects linked to the globin chain imbalance in SCD patients, while at the same time facilitating oxygen transport to myoglobin in peripheral tissues due to a more favourable oxygen-delivering capacity than is observed in adult haemoglobin.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Orien L Tulp
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain, The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA, East West College of Natural Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USA and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.

 

Frantz Sainvil
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain, The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA and Broward College, Davie, FL, USA.

 

Uzoamaka Nwokorie
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain.

 

George P Einstein
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Spain and The Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, Florida, USA

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6062

 

Mechanistic Contributors to Subclinical Hypothyroidism in obesity: Review of Molecular Evidence for Impaired Thyroid Hormone Receptor Affinity and Actions from Rat Studies | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 13

Obesity and its pathophysiologic sequela have become a burgeoning medical issue not only in Africa but worldwide. Obese and overweight patients may sometimes present with symptoms suggestive of disordered carbohydrate metabolism and thyroidal parameters including hypothyroidism. However, when the usual routine thyroid battery of labs comes back, they may identify markers of insulin resistance but often fail to identify any obvious abnormal findings in their hypothalamic-thyroidal axis. To determine the potential for subclinical thyroidal actions as a contributing factor for hormonal regulation of energy balance and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, studies of resting and catecholamine stimulated metabolism, in vivo thyroid hormone half-life, thyroid hormone binding characteristics and weight gain, groups of lean and obese congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rats were offered stock or high energy diets and in vivo and in vitro parameters of thyroid hormone action determined. The obese phenotype demonstrated impaired thermic responses to diet and environment and cold-induced thermoregulation, in association with decreases in plasma T3 but not T4 concentrations. Administration of I-131 T4 and I-131 T3 in the obese phenotype of corpulent rats resulted in clearance rates for T3, but T4 clearance was consistently prolonged by approximately 50% among the obese phenotype. The plasma half-life of T4 was ~50% longer in obese than in lean littermates, while the half-life of T3 was similar in both phenotypes. Measures of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor density were similar in both phenotypes, but receptor affinity for T3 was diminished in the obese phenotype, consistent with impaired thyroidal actions as a contributing factor for subclinical hypothyroidism in the obese phenotype of this strain. In conclusion, the current trends in the increasing prevalence of obese and overweight conditions will in all likelihood become a pressing global priority to identify and more fully characterize at the molecular, tissue and organ system levels of effective resolutions to the critical issues of overweight and obese conditions. A doable solution must be found, as urgency is emerging that signals that a metabolic and global healthcare epidemic is tantamount to a tsunami if left unattended.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Orien L Tulp
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK, Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, USA and Department of Natural Medicine, East West College of Natural Medicine, Sarasota FL, USA.

 

O F Obidi
Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

 

 

T C Oyesile
Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

 

Frantz Sainvil
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK, Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, USA and Department of Medicine, Broward College, Davie FL, USA.

 

Rolando Branly
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK and Department of Medicine, Broward College, Davie FL, USA.

 

A Sciranka
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK.

 

Syed AA Rizv
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK and Department of Medicine, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Aftab Awan
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.

 

Michael Anderson
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK.

 

George P Einstein
Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK and Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, USA.

 

Syed AA Rizvi

Department of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, UK and Department of Medicine, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v13/5230

Impact of Aging and Obesity on Insulin Parameters, T4/T3 Ratios, Metabolic Rates, Sirtuins and Longevity in Congenic LA/Ntul//-cp (Corpulent) Rats | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

The integrated effects of aging on thyroidal function and other hormonal and regulatory aspects of metabolism are important elements in various aspects of aging and longevity. Changes in thyroidal activity occur in aging, where they typically exhibit a U-shaped curve for plasma TSH concentrations, with variable responses in other parameters of thyroidal function and peripheral physiological actions and their pathophysiologic sequelae. The LA/Ntul//-cp rat strain, developed from a cross between a Koletsky Rat and an NIH longevity-prone LA/N strain of unknown origin exhibits one of the longest life spans of the various rodent strains that express a trait for early onset obesity in association with impairments in sympathetic and thyroidal components of non-shivering thermogenesis, insulin resistance and energy metabolism. To determine the effects of aging and obesity from adolescence through much of the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype, groups of congenic lean and obese female LA/Ntul//-cp rats were studied from 4 until 24 months of age denoting this design comprised the projected lifespan of the obese phenotype. Measures of Resting Metabolic rates (RMR), fasting plasma insulin and glucose, T3, T4, the plasma half-life of T4, and computation of T4/T3 ratios were determined as an indication of the capacity for deiodination of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues and its cumulative effects on RMR. Body weight of obese >>> lean at all ages studied. Plasma Insulin was significantly elevated in the obese phenotype, and decreased with advancing age, while plasma glucose remained within the normal fasting range in all rats of both phenotypes. RMR of lean > obese at all ages studied and decreased with advancing age in both phenotypes. Liver T4-5’ deiodinase activity of lean > obese at all ages studied. Plasma T4/T3 ratios decreased with aging in both phenotypes, with the greatest decrease in the obese phenotype. The T1/2 of 131I-T4 was over 40 % longer in the obese phenotype littermates at 4 months of age (p=< 0.01). These results suggest that conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues in association with attenuation of hyperinsulinemia contributes to decreases in RMR with aging and is further decreased in the obese phenotype, thereby decreasing the quantifiable availability of tissue T3 mass for thyroidal actions at the genomic level, including decreases in harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other entities as products of intermediary metabolism. Thus, the progressive decreases in plasma insulin and deiodination-mediated activation of T4 may represent a longevity attribute via decreases in resting metabolic rates, and in an associated attenuation of free radical generation and other metabolic factors of aging and longevity in this strain.

 

Author (s) Details

Orien L Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4161